@article{whipker_veazie_ballance_hicks_owen_rich_seltsam_cockson_2024, title={Coleus cultivars nutritional status as a function of leaf coloration}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1532-4087"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2024.2325939}, DOI={10.1080/01904167.2024.2325939}, abstractNote={Sixteen coleus (Coleus scutellarioides) cultivars (genotypes) with four cultivars representing four industry-categorized color groups [phenotypes (Burgundy, Orange, Red, and Yellow/Green)] were evaluated to determine if leaf color affected tissue nutrient concentrations. Plants were grown at two locations provided with a liquid fertilizer concentration of 150 mg.L−1 N delivered from 17 N–1.31P–14.1K. Leaf tissue samples were collected and analyzed for the concentration of 12 elemental nutrients after eight or 10 wk of growth, depending on location. Leaf tissue nutrient concentrations were influenced by leaf color (color groups), but the magnitude varied for each elemental nutrient. Leaf tissue nutrient concentrations were significantly different for each color group for phorphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and boron, but not for nitrogen, sulfur, manganese, or zinc. Trends for higher P and K leaf tissue concentrations in Red-leaf coleus cultivars, and lower P in Yellow/Green cultivars agree with prior work reported for Heuchera sp. This data further support the initial foundational work to determine the relationship between leaf color and tissue nutrient concentration. Further investigations among other species may offer additional data that will help establish a relative relationship between an element and phenotypes. Given the wide variation in leaf tissue concentrations across all 16 cultivars, an overall consolidated data set was developed to provide a refinement of the leaf tissue nutrient standards for coleus across all elements. This expands the recommended ranges available for interpreting leaf tissue samples, which will assist growers and crop advisors in diagnosing nutrient disorders of coleus.}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION}, author={Whipker, Brian and Veazie, Patrick and Ballance, M. Seth and Hicks, Kristin and Owen, W. Garrett and Rich, W. Tyler and Seltsam, Lauren and Cockson, Paul}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{cockson_whipker_2021, title={Characterization of nutrient disorders of ornamental Brassica oleracea 'Red Bor'}, volume={1305}, ISSN={["2406-6168"]}, DOI={10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1305.55}, journal={III INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GROWING MEDIA, COMPOSTING AND SUBSTRATE ANALYSIS}, author={Cockson, P. and Whipker, B. E.}, year={2021}, pages={423–430} }
 @article{cockson_whipker_2021, title={Refinement of conventional and OMRI fertilization of pot grown Solanum lycopersicum}, volume={1305}, ISSN={["2406-6168"]}, DOI={10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1305.56}, journal={III INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GROWING MEDIA, COMPOSTING AND SUBSTRATE ANALYSIS}, author={Cockson, P. and Whipker, B. E.}, year={2021}, pages={431–436} }
 @article{cockson_veazie_davis_barajas_post_crozier_leon_patterson_whipker_2021, title={The Impacts of Micronutrient Fertility on the Mineral Uptake and Growth of Brassica carinata}, volume={11}, ISBN={2077-0472}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030221}, DOI={10.3390/agriculture11030221}, abstractNote={Many abiotic factors impact the yield and growth of Brassica carinata (commonly referred to as carinata or Ethiopian mustard). Very little is known about carinata and how mineral nutrients impact its growth, and more specifically, the sufficiency values for fertility over the plant’s growth cycle and life stages. This study explored the impacts that plant nutrients, specifically micronutrients, can have on the growth and development of carinata over its distinct life stages (rosette, bolting, flowering, and pod set). Plants were grown under varying micronutrient concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, 87.5, and 100%) of a modified Hoagland’s solution. Data were collected on plant height, canopy diameter, leaf tissue mineral nutrient concentrations, and biomass. The results demonstrated that micronutrient fertility has profound impacts on the production of Brassica carinata during different life stages. Boron (B) exclusion had the greatest impact on the growth and reproduction of Brassica carinata, with the death of the apical meristem that resulted in a lack of siliques or seeds at the lowest rate. Optimal relative elemental leaf tissue concentrations varied among micronutrient fertility concentrations and life stages. Certain elements exhibited linear increases in nutrient leaf tissue accumulation as solution concentration increased without reaching a maximum concentration during specific life stages. Other life stages and/or elements produced distinct plateau leaf tissue mineral concentrations despite increasing fertility treatment concentrations such as B in the rosette stage (47.2–50.0 mg·kg−1), copper (Cu) (bolting stage at 6.62–7.57 mg·kg−1), zinc (Zn) (bolting stage at 27.47–39.87 and flowering at 33.98–43.50 mg·kg−1), molybdenum (Mo) (flowering stage at 2.42–3.23 mg·kg−1), and manganese (Mn) (bolting stage at 117.03–161.63 mg·kg−1). This work demonstrates that Brassica carinata has different fertility demands and will accumulate differing leaf tissue concentrations during its life stages. This work serves as a baseline for further uptake and portioning work for Brassica carinata.}, number={3}, journal={AGRICULTURE-BASEL}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Cockson, Paul and Veazie, Patrick and Davis, Matthew and Barajas, Gabby and Post, Angela and Crozier, Carl R. and Leon, Ramon G. and Patterson, Robert and Whipker, Brian E.}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={221} }
 @article{cockson_schroeder-moreno_veazie_barajas_logan_davis_whipker_2020, title={Impact of Phosphorus on Cannabis sativa Reproduction, Cannabinoids, and Terpenes}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2076-3417"]}, DOI={10.3390/app10217875}, abstractNote={Many abiotic factors, such as mineral nutrients—including phosphorus (P)—fertility, can impact the yield and growth of Cannabis sativa. Given the economic portion of C. sativa is the inflorescence, the restriction of P fertility could impact floral development and quality could be detrimental. This study sought to track the impacts of varying P concentrations (3.75, 7.50, 11.25, 15.0, 22.50, and 30.0 mg·L−1) utilizing a modified Hoagland’s solution. This experiment examined plant height, diameter, leaf tissue mineral nutrient concentrations, and final fresh flower bud weight as well as floral quality metrics, such as cannabinoids and terpenes. The results demonstrated that during different life stages (vegetative, pre-flowering, flowering), P concentrations impact C. sativa growth and development and yield. Regarding the cannabinoid pools, results varied for the individual cannabinoid types. For the acid pools, increasing fertility concentrations above 11.25 mg·L−1 P did not result in any increase in cannabinoid concentrations. These results indicate that, if a crop is being produced under greenhouse conditions, specifically for cannabinoid production, an excessive P supply did not result in higher cannabinoid production. However, plants grown with a higher rate of P fertility (30.0 mg·L−1) had greater plant width and may result in more buds per plant.}, number={21}, journal={APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL}, author={Cockson, Paul and Schroeder-Moreno, Michelle and Veazie, Patrick and Barajas, Gabby and Logan, David and Davis, Matthew and Whipker, Brian E.}, year={2020}, month={Nov} }
 @article{whipker_cockson_smith_2020, title={Night interruption lighting equally effective as daylength extension in retaining the vegetative state of Cannabis mother plants}, volume={6}, ISBN={2374-3832}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20001}, DOI={10.1002/cft2.20001}, abstractNote={Crop, Forage & Turfgrass ManagementVolume 6, Issue 1 e20001 CROP MANAGEMENT—BRIEFS Night interruption lighting equally effective as daylength extension in retaining the vegetative state of Cannabis mother plants Brian E. Whipker, Corresponding Author Brian E. Whipker bwhipker@ncsu.edu orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-9712 Dep. of Horticultural Science, 2721 Founders Dr., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USA Correspondence Brian E. Whipker, Dep. of Horticultural Science, 2721 Founders Dr., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Email: bwhipker@ncsu.eduSearch for more papers by this authorPaul Cockson, Paul Cockson orcid.org/0000-0001-6027-7990 Dep. of Horticultural Science, 2721 Founders Dr., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USASearch for more papers by this authorJames T. Smith, James T. Smith Dep. of Horticultural Science, 2721 Founders Dr., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USASearch for more papers by this author Brian E. Whipker, Corresponding Author Brian E. Whipker bwhipker@ncsu.edu orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-9712 Dep. of Horticultural Science, 2721 Founders Dr., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USA Correspondence Brian E. Whipker, Dep. of Horticultural Science, 2721 Founders Dr., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Email: bwhipker@ncsu.eduSearch for more papers by this authorPaul Cockson, Paul Cockson orcid.org/0000-0001-6027-7990 Dep. of Horticultural Science, 2721 Founders Dr., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USASearch for more papers by this authorJames T. Smith, James T. Smith Dep. of Horticultural Science, 2721 Founders Dr., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 17 December 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20001Citations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume6, Issue12020e20001 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Whipker, Brian E. and Cockson, Paul and Smith, James T.}, year={2020} }
 @article{cockson_landis_smith_hicks_whipker_2019, title={Characterization of Nutrient Disorders of Cannabis sativa}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2076-3417"]}, DOI={10.3390/app9204432}, abstractNote={Essential plant nutrients are needed at crop-specific concentrations to obtain optimum growth or yield. Plant tissue (foliar) analysis is the standard method for measuring those levels in crops. Symptoms of nutrient deficiency occur when those tissue concentrations fall to a level where growth or yield is negatively impacted and can serve as a visual diagnostic tool for growers and researchers. Both nutrient deficiency symptoms and their corresponding plant tissue concentrations have not been established for cannabis. To establish nutrient concentrations when deficiency or toxicity symptoms are expressed, Cannabis sativa ‘T1’ plants were grown in silica sand culture, and control plants received a complete modified Hoagland’s all-nitrate solution, whereas nutrient-deficient treatments were induced with a complete nutrient formula withholding a single nutrient. Toxicity treatments were induced by increasing the element tenfold higher than the complete nutrient formula. Plants were monitored daily and, once symptoms manifested, plant tissue analysis of all essential elements was performed by most recent mature leaf (MRML) tissue analysis, and descriptions and photographs of nutrient disorder symptomology were taken. Symptoms and progressions were tracked through initial, intermediate, and advanced stages. Information in this study can be used to diagnose nutrient disorders in Cannabis sativa.}, number={20}, journal={APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL}, author={Cockson, Paul and Landis, Hunter and Smith, Turner and Hicks, Kristin and Whipker, Brian E.}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
 @article{landis_hicks_cockson_henry_smith_whipker_2019, title={Expanding Leaf Tissue Nutrient Survey Ranges for Greenhouse Cannabidiol-Hemp}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2018.09.0081}, abstractNote={Core Ideas Leaf tissue nutrient concentration survey values do not exist for greenhouse CBD-hemp. Growers can use these ranges as a nutrient management tool for CBD-hemp stock plants. Different leaf tissue nutrient concentrations have been found in CBD-hemp cultivars. There are no researched nutrient recommendations specific to greenhouse CBD-hemp. CBD-hemp products have great market potential.}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, author={Landis, Hunter and Hicks, Kristin and Cockson, Paul and Henry, Josh B. and Smith, James T. and Whipker, Brian E.}, year={2019}, month={Jan} }
 @article{henry_vann_mccall_cockson_whipker_2018, title={Nutrient Disorders o Burley and Flue-Cured Tobacco: Part 1-Macronutrient Deficiencies}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2017.11.0076}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Recognizing macronutrient disorders is important for commercial production.
Foliar nutrient concentrations were identified for burley and flue‐cured tobacco.
Symptoms and critical values were compared with published results.
Nutrient deficiency disorders often manifest unique symptoms and vary in critical nutrient ranges depending on species and type. Understanding and recognizing nutrient disorders for different types of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is important for maintaining quality and yield. Burley and flue‐cured tobacco account for over 90% of all tobacco produced in the United States, and thus, were grown in this study to investigate the effects of macronutrient deficiencies. Tobacco plants were grown in silica sand culture, and control plants received a complete modified Hoagland's all‐nitrate solution, whereas nutrient‐deficient treatments were induced with a complete nutrient formula withholding a single nutrient. Plants were automatically irrigated, and the leached solution was captured for reuse. A complete replacement of nutrient solutions was done weekly. Plants were monitored daily to document and photograph symptoms as they developed. A description of nutrient disorder symptomology and critical tissue concentrations are presented.}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={American Society of Agronomy}, author={Henry, Josh B. and Vann, Matthew and McCall, Ingram and Cockson, Paul and Whipker, Brian E.}, year={2018}, month={Mar} }
 @article{henry_vann_mccall_cockson_whipker_2018, title={Nutrient Disorders of Burley and Flue-Cured Tobacco: Part 2-Micronutrient Disorders}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2017.11.0077}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Recognizing micronutrient disorders is important for commercial production.
Unique, previously unobserved nutrient disorder symptoms were observed.
Foliar nutrient concentrations were identified for burley and flue‐cured tobacco.
Symptoms and critical values were compared with published results.
Nutrient disorders often manifest unique symptoms and vary in critical nutrient ranges where visual symptoms appear depending on plant species and type. Understanding and recognizing nutrient disorders for different types of tobacco is important for maintaining yield and quality. Burley and flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) account for over 90% of all tobacco produced in the United States, and thus, were grown in this study to investigate the effects of micronutrient disorders. Tobacco plants were grown in silica sand culture, and control plants received a complete modified Hoagland's all‐nitrate solution, whereas nutrient‐deficient treatments were induced with a complete nutrient formula withholding a single nutrient. Boron toxicity was also induced by increasing the element tenfold higher than the complete nutrient formula. Plants were automatically irrigated, and the leached solution was captured for reuse. A complete replacement of nutrient solutions was done weekly. Plants were monitored daily to document and photograph symptoms as they developed. A description of nutrient disorder symptomology and critical tissue concentrations associated with symptomology are presented.}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={American Society of Agronomy}, author={Henry, Josh B. and Vann, Matthew and McCall, Ingram and Cockson, Paul and Whipker, Brian E.}, year={2018}, month={Mar} }