@article{yen_nelli_twu_mora-diaz_castillo_sitthicharoenchai_gimenez-lirola_2024, title={Development and characterization of segment-specific enteroids from the pig small intestine in Matrigel and transwell inserts: insights into susceptibility to porcine epidemic diarrhea Virus}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1664-3224"]}, DOI={10.3389/fimmu.2024.1451154}, abstractNote={Introduction The critical early stages of infection and innate immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) at the intestinal epithelium remain underexplored due to the limitations of traditional cell culture and animal models. This study aims to establish a porcine enteroid culture model to investigate potential differences in susceptibility to infection across segments of the porcine small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). Methods Intestinal crypt cells from nursery pigs were cultured in Matrigel to differentiate into porcine enteroid monolayer cultures (PEMCs). Following characterization, PEMCs were enzymatically dissociated and subcultured on transwell inserts (PETCs) for apical surface exposure and infection studies. Characterization of region-specific PEMCs and PETCs included assessment of morphology, proliferation, viability, and cellular phenotyping via immunohistochemistry/immunocytochemistry and gene expression analysis. Subsequently, PETCs were inoculated with 10 5 TCID 50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose)/mL of a high pathogenic PEDV non-S INDEL strain and incubated for 24 h. Infection outcomes were assessed by cytopathic effect, PEDV N protein expression (immunofluorescence assay, IFA), and PEDV N-gene detection (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR). Results No significant morphological and phenotypical differences were observed among PEMCs and PETCs across intestinal regions, resembling the porcine intestinal epithelium. Although PETCs established from different segments of the small intestine were susceptible to PEDV infection, jejunum-derived PETCs exhibited higher PEDV replication, confirmed by IFA and RT-qPCR. Discussion This segment-specific enteroid culture model provides a reliable platform for virological studies, offering a controlled environment that overcomes the limitations of in vivo and traditional cell culture methods. Standardizing culture conditions and characterizing the model are essential for advancing enteroid-based infection models.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY}, author={Yen, Lu and Nelli, Rahul K. and Twu, Ning-Chieh and Mora-Diaz, Juan Carlos and Castillo, Gino and Sitthicharoenchai, Panchan and Gimenez-Lirola, Luis G.}, year={2024}, month={Sep} }
@article{bonneux_shareef_tcherniuk_anson_bruyn_verheyen_thys_conceicao-neto_van ginderen_kwanten_et al._2024, title={JNJ-7184, a respiratory syncytial virus inhibitor targeting the connector domain of the viral polymerase}, volume={227}, ISSN={["1872-9096"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105907}, abstractNote={Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause pulmonary complications in infants, elderly and immunocompromised patients. While two vaccines and two prophylactic monoclonal antibodies are now available, treatment options are still needed. JNJ-7184 is a non-nucleoside inhibitor of the RSV-Large (L) polymerase, displaying potent inhibition of both RSV-A and -B strains. Resistance selection and hydrogen-deuterium exchange experiments suggest JNJ-7184 binds RSV-L in the connector domain. JNJ-7184 prevents RSV replication and transcription by inhibiting initiation or early elongation. JNJ-7184 is effective in air-liquid interface cultures and therapeutically in neonatal lambs, acting to drastically reverse the appearance of lung pathology.}, journal={ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH}, author={Bonneux, Brecht and Shareef, Afzaal and Tcherniuk, Sergey and Anson, Brandon and Bruyn, Suzanne and Verheyen, Nick and Thys, Kim and Conceicao-Neto, Nadia and Van Ginderen, Marcia and Kwanten, Leen and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Jul} }
@article{silva_almeida_michael_rahe_siepker_magstadt_piñeyro_arruda_macedo_sahin_et al._2023, title={Detection and disease diagnosis trends (2017–2022) for Streptococcus suis, Glaesserella parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Actinobacillus suis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae at Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03807-w}, DOI={10.1186/s12917-023-03807-w}, abstractNote={Abstract
Background
Accurate measurement of disease associated with endemic bacterial agents in pig populations is challenging due to their commensal ecology, the lack of disease-specific antemortem diagnostic tests, and the polymicrobial nature of swine diagnostic cases. The main objective of this retrospective study was to estimate temporal patterns of agent detection and disease diagnosis for five endemic bacteria that can cause systemic disease in porcine tissue specimens submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) from 2017 to 2022. The study also explored the diagnostic value of specific tissue specimens for disease diagnosis, estimated the frequency of polymicrobial diagnosis, and evaluated the association between phase of pig production and disease diagnosis.
Results
S. suis and G. parasuis bronchopneumonia increased on average 6 and 4.3%, while S. suis endocarditis increased by 23% per year, respectively. M. hyorhinis and A. suis associated serositis increased yearly by 4.2 and 12.8%, respectively. A significant upward trend in M. hyorhinis arthritis cases was also observed. In contrast, M. hyosynoviae arthritis cases decreased by 33% average/year. Investigation into the diagnostic value of tissues showed that lungs were the most frequently submitted sample, However, the use of lung for systemic disease diagnosis requires caution due to the commensal nature of these agents in the respiratory system, compared to systemic sites that diagnosticians typically target. This study also explored associations between phase of production and specific diseases caused by each agent, showcasing the role of S. suis arthritis in suckling pigs, meningitis in early nursery and endocarditis in growing pigs, and the role of G. parasuis, A. suis, M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae disease mainly in post-weaning phases. Finally, this study highlighted the high frequency of co-detection and -disease diagnosis with other infectious etiologies, such as PRRSV and IAV, demonstrating that to minimize the health impact of these endemic bacterial agents it is imperative to establish effective viral control programs.
Conclusions
Results from this retrospective study demonstrated significant increases in disease diagnosis for S. suis, G. parasuis, M. hyorhinis, and A. suis, and a significant decrease in detection and disease diagnosis of M. hyosynoviae. High frequencies of interactions between these endemic agents and with viral pathogens was also demonstrated. Consequently, improved control programs are needed to mitigate the adverse effect of these endemic bacterial agents on swine health and wellbeing. This includes improving diagnostic procedures, developing more effective vaccine products, fine-tuning antimicrobial approaches, and managing viral co-infections.
}, journal={BMC Veterinary Research}, author={Silva, Ana Paula Serafini Poeta and Almeida, Marcelo and Michael, Alyona and Rahe, Michael C. and Siepker, Christopher and Magstadt, Drew R. and Piñeyro, Pablo and Arruda, Bailey L. and Macedo, Nubia R. and Sahin, Orhan and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
@article{chen_mou_lu_schumacher_resende-de-macedo_sitthicharoenchai_derscheid_burrough_li_2023, title={Genomic characterization of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus from a 2021 outbreak in Indiana with increased sow mortality}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2379-5042"]}, DOI={10.1128/msphere.00404-23}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT
Streptococcus equi
subspecies
zooepidemicus
(
S. zooepidemicus
) was reported to cause epizootic outbreaks in swine, resulting in significant economic losses in Asia in the 1970s and in North America in 2019. In February 2021, another outbreak due to
S. zooepidemicus
occurred in 2-year-old adult sows in a production system in Indiana. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of three outbreak isolates from Indiana revealed that all were genetically distant from the isolates of a strain that caused high mortality events in Ohio and Tennessee in 2019, as well as from the ATCC 35246 strain that caused outbreaks in China in the 1970s. The Indiana outbreak isolates were also distantly related to outbreak-unrelated swine isolate AZ-45470 from Arizona but closely related to an
S. zooepidemicus
equine isolate from Iowa. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that one genomic island, GI-13, was unique to the genome of a representative Indiana outbreak isolate, IN-6992. The genomic islands GI-1, GI-3, and GI-10 were also present in IN-6992 but absent from the Ohio and Tennessee outbreak isolates. In addition, the ATCC 35246-type
szM
gene and the Fic domain-containing protein gene (
bifA
) were absent from IN-6992, while present in all isolates from the Ohio and Tennessee outbreaks. Our findings have significant implications for understanding, monitoring, and developing control measures against diseases caused by
S. zooepidemicus
.
IMPORTANCE
This study highlights a
Streptococcus equi
subspecies
zooepidemicus
(
S. zooepidemicus
) strain isolated from an outbreak in Indiana, which resulted in mortality events among a swine herd in 2021. The Indiana outbreak strain was found to be genetically and phylogenetically distant to a strain isolated from the 2019 outbreaks in Ohio and Tennessee, which caused high swine mortality. We also discovered multiple unique genetic features in the Indiana outbreak strain, including distinct
S. zooepidemicus
genomic islands, and notable
S. zooepidemicus
virulence genes—many of which could serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of this strain. These findings provide significant insights into monitoring and potentially preventing severe outbreaks caused by the Indiana outbreak strain in the future.
}, journal={MSPHERE}, author={Chen, Xuhua and Mou, Kathy and Lu, Weili and Schumacher, Loni and Resende-De-Macedo, Nubia and Sitthicharoenchai, Panchan and Derscheid, Rachel and Burrough, Eric and Li, Ganwu}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
@article{hau_lantz_stuart_sitthicharoenchai_macedo_derscheid_burrough_robbe-austerman_brockmeier_2022, title={Replication of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus infection in swine}, volume={264}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109271}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109271}, abstractNote={Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (SEZ) is a commensal bacterium of horses and causes infections in mammalian species, including humans. Historically, virulent strains of SEZ caused high mortality in pigs in China and Indonesia, while disease in the U.S. was infrequent. More recently, high mortality events in sows were attributed to SEZ in North America. The SEZ isolates from these mortality events have high genetic similarity to an isolate from an outbreak in China. Taken together, this may indicate SEZ is an emerging threat to swine health. To generate a disease model and evaluate the susceptibility of healthy, conventionally raised pigs to SEZ, we challenged sows and five-month-old pigs with an isolate from a 2019 mortality event. Pigs were challenged with a genetically similar guinea pig isolate or genetically distinct horse isolate to evaluate comparative virulence. The swine isolate caused severe systemic disease in challenged pigs with 100 % mortality. Disease manifestation in sows was similar to field reports: lethargy/depression, fever, reluctance to rise, and high mortality. The guinea pig isolate also caused severe systemic disease; however, most five-month-old pigs recovered. In contrast, the horse isolate did not cause disease and was readily cleared from the respiratory tract. In conclusion, we were able to replicate disease reported in the field. The results indicate differences in virulence between isolates, with the highest virulence associated with the swine isolate. Additionally, we generated a challenge model that can be used in future research to evaluate virulence factors and disease prevention strategies.}, journal={Veterinary Microbiology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Hau, Samantha J. and Lantz, Kristina and Stuart, Keira L. and Sitthicharoenchai, Panchan and Macedo, Nubia and Derscheid, Rachel J. and Burrough, Eric R. and Robbe-Austerman, Suelee and Brockmeier, Susan L.}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={109271} }
@article{sitthicharoenchai_burrough_arruda_sahin_santos_magstadt_piñeyro_schwartz_rahe_2022, title={Streptococcus gallolyticus and Bacterial Endocarditis in Swine, United States, 2015-2020.}, volume={28}, url={https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8714216}, DOI={10.3201/eid2801.210998}, abstractNote={To evaluate trends in bacterial causes of valvular endocarditis in swine, we retrospectively analyzed 321 cases diagnosed at Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Ames, IA, USA) during May 2015–April 2020. Streptococcus gallolyticus was the causative agent for 7.59% of cases. This emerging infection in swine could aid study of endocarditis in humans.}, number={1}, journal={Emerging infectious diseases}, publisher={Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}, author={Sitthicharoenchai, Panchan and Burrough, Eric R. and Arruda, Bailey L. and Sahin, Orhan and Santos, Jessica G. and Magstadt, Drew R. and Piñeyro, Pablo E. and Schwartz, Kent J. and Rahe, Michael C.}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={192–195} }
@article{sitthicharoenchai_alnajjar_ackermann_2020, title={A model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of infants in newborn lambs}, volume={380}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85083966556&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00441-020-03213-w}, abstractNote={Many animal models have been established for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of infants with the purpose of studying the pathogenesis, immunological response, and pharmaceutical testing and the objective of finding novel therapies and preventive measures. This review centers on a neonatal lamb model of RSV infection that has similarities to RSV infection of infants. It includes a comprehensive description of anatomical and immunological similarities between ovine and human lungs along with comparison of pulmonary changes and immune responses with RSV infection. These features make the newborn lamb an effective model for investigating key aspects of RSV infection in infants. The importance of RSV lamb model application in preclinical therapeutic trials and current updates on new studies with the RSV-infected neonatal lamb are also highlighted.}, number={2}, journal={Cell and Tissue Research}, author={Sitthicharoenchai, P. and Alnajjar, S. and Ackermann, M.R.}, year={2020}, pages={313–324} }
@article{sitthicharoenchai_derscheid_schwartz_macedo_sahin_chen_li_main_burrough_2020, title={Cases of high mortality in cull sows and feeder pigs associated with Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus septicemia}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720927669}, DOI={10.1177/1040638720927669}, abstractNote={ Investigations of 2 cases of high mortality in cull sows and feeder pigs from a buying station in Ohio and cull sows at an abattoir in Tennessee were conducted at the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. The animals were presented as weak, lethargic, and some with high fever. Rapidly escalating mortality was reported to be as high as 30–50% within groups at the buying station over 8–10 d, and 30–40% over 5–7 d at the abattoir. Splenomegaly and red lymph nodes were the most consistent macroscopic findings, with scant fibrinous polyserositis observed in one sow. The microscopic lesions of vasculitis, fibrin thrombi, fibrinosuppurative polyserositis, and intralesional bacteria were consistent with acute bacterial septicemia. Bacterial culture isolated Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus ( S. zooepidemicus) from multiple organs, including spleen, lung, and kidney. PCR tests were negative for African swine fever virus, classical swine fever virus, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus 2, and Salmonella spp. Porcine circovirus 3 was inconsistently detected at low levels by PCR, with a lack of associated lesions. Next-generation sequencing identified S. zooepidemicus and porcine partetravirus in the serum sample of the feeder pig from the buying station. Phylogenetic analysis of the szP gene indicated that the S. zooepidemicus isolates from Ohio and Tennessee are in genotype VI. We conclude that the cause of these high mortality events in swine was S. zooepidemicus septicemia. }, journal={Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation}, author={Sitthicharoenchai, Panchan and Derscheid, Rachel and Schwartz, Kent and Macedo, Nubia and Sahin, Orhan and Chen, Xuhua and Li, Ganwu and Main, Rodger and Burrough, Eric}, year={2020}, month={Jul} }
@article{chen_resende‐de‐macedo_sitthicharoenchai_sahin_burrough_clavijo_derscheid_schwartz_lantz_robbe‐austerman_et al._2020, title={Genetic characterization of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus associated with high swine mortality in the United States}, volume={6}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13645}, DOI={10.1111/tbed.13645}, abstractNote={High mortality events due to Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (Streptococcus zooepidemicus) in swine have not previously been reported in the United States. In September and October 2019, outbreaks with swine mortality up to 50% due to S. zooepidemicus septicaemia were reported in Ohio and Tennessee. Genomic epidemiological analysis revealed that the eight outbreak isolates were clustered together with ATCC 35246, a Chinese strain caused outbreaks with high mortality, also closely related to three isolates from human cases from Virginia, but significantly different from an outbreak-unrelated swine isolate from Arizona and most isolates from other animal species. Comparative genomic analysis on two outbreak isolates and another outbreak-unrelated isolate identified several genomic islands and virulence genes specifically in the outbreak isolates only, which are likely associated with the high mortality observed in the swine population. These findings have implications for understanding, tracking and possibly preventing diseases caused by S. zooepidemicus in swine.}, journal={Transboundary and Emerging Diseases}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Chen, Xuhua and Resende‐De‐Macedo, Nubia and Sitthicharoenchai, Panchan and Sahin, Orhan and Burrough, Eric and Clavijo, Maria and Derscheid, Rachel and Schwartz, Kent and Lantz, Kristina and Robbe‐Austerman, Suelee and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Nov} }
@article{sitthicharoenchai_woonwong_poonsuk_arunorat_muangpaisarn_samatiwat_konthong_sattathara_thanawongnuwech_2018, title={Evaluation of a commercial ELISA test kit on classical swine fever antibody detection using oral fluid samples}, volume={48}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85055167509&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={3}, journal={Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine}, author={Sitthicharoenchai, P. and Woonwong, Y. and Poonsuk, K. and Arunorat, J. and Muangpaisarn, C. and Samatiwat, K. and Konthong, W. and Sattathara, W. and Thanawongnuwech, R.}, year={2018}, pages={463–469} }
@article{detection of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae apxiv toxin antibody in serum and oral fluid specimens from pigs inoculated under experimental conditions._2017, url={http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5894388}, DOI={10.1515/jvetres-2017-0021}, abstractNote={Abstract
Introduction: The prevention and control of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in commercial production settings is based on serological monitoring. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed to detect specific antibodies against a variety of A. pleuropneumoniae antigens, including long-chain lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the ApxIV toxin, a repeats-in-toxin (RTX) exotoxin unique to A. pleuropneumoniae and produced by all serovars. The objective of this study was to describe ApxIV antibody responses in serum and oral fluid of pigs.
Material and Methods: Four groups of pigs (six pigs per group) were inoculated with A. pleuropneumoniae serovars 1, 5, 7, or 12. Weekly serum samples and daily oral fluid samples were collected from individual pigs for 56 days post inoculation (DPI) and tested by LPS and ApxIV ELISAs. The ApxIV ELISA was run in three formats to detect immunlgobulins M, G, and A (IgM, IgG and IgA) while the LPS ELISA detected only IgG.
Results: All pigs inoculated with A. pleuropneumoniae serovars 1 and 7 were LPS ELISA serum antibody positive from DPI 14 to 56. A transient and weak LPS ELISA antibody response was observed in pigs inoculated with serovar 5 and a single antibody positive pig was observed in serovar 12 at ≥35 DPI. Notably, ApxIV serum and oral fluid antibody responses in pig inoculated with serovars 1 and 7 reflected the patterns observed for LPS antibody, albeit with a 14 to 21 day delay.
Conclusion: This work suggests that ELISAs based on ApxIV antibody detection in oral fluid samples could be effective in population monitoring for A. pleuropneumoniae.}, journal={Journal of veterinary research}, year={2017}, month={Jun} }
@article{protection of human influenza vaccines against a reassortant swine influenza virus of pandemic h1n1 origin using a pig model._2017, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.02.022}, DOI={10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.02.022}, abstractNote={Since the pandemic H1N1 emergence in 2009 (pdmH1N1), many reassortant pdmH1N1 viruses emerged and found circulating in the pig population worldwide. Currently, commercial human subunit vaccines are used commonly to prevent the influenza symptom based on the WHO recommendation. In case of current reassortant swine influenza viruses transmitting from pigs to humans, the efficacy of current human influenza vaccines is of interest. In this study, influenza A negative pigs were vaccinated with selected commercial human subunit vaccines and challenged with rH3N2. All sera were tested with both HI and SN assays using four representative viruses from the surveillance data in 2012 (enH1N1, pdmH1N1, rH1N2 and rH3N2). The results showed no significant differences in clinical signs and macroscopic and microscopic findings among groups. However, all pig sera from vaccinated groups had protective HI titers to the enH1N1, pdmH1N1 and rH1N2 at 21DPV onward and had protective SN titers only to pdmH1N1and rH1N2 at 21DPV onward. SN test results appeared more specific than those of HI tests. All tested sera had no cross-reactivity against the rH3N2. Both studied human subunit vaccines failed to protect and to stop viral shedding with no evidence of serological reaction against rH3N2. SIV surveillance is essential for monitoring a novel SIV emergence potentially for zoonosis.}, journal={Research in veterinary science}, year={2017}, month={Feb} }
@article{therapeutic efficacy of a respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor._2017, url={http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5537225}, DOI={10.1038/s41467-017-00170-x}, abstractNote={AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children, immunocompromised adults, and the elderly. Intervention with small-molecule antivirals specific for respiratory syncytial virus presents an important therapeutic opportunity, but no such compounds are approved today. Here we report the structure of JNJ-53718678 bound to respiratory syncytial virus fusion (F) protein in its prefusion conformation, and we show that the potent nanomolar activity of JNJ-53718678, as well as the preliminary structure–activity relationship and the pharmaceutical optimization strategy of the series, are consistent with the binding mode of JNJ-53718678 and other respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitors. Oral treatment of neonatal lambs with JNJ-53718678, or with an equally active close analog, efficiently inhibits established acute lower respiratory tract infection in the animals, even when treatment is delayed until external signs of respiratory syncytial virus illness have become visible. Together, these data suggest that JNJ-53718678 is a promising candidate for further development as a potential therapeutic in patients at risk to develop respiratory syncytial virus acute lower respiratory tract infection.}, journal={Nature communications}, year={2017}, month={Aug} }
@article{charoenchanikran_kedkovid_sirisereewan_woonwong_arunorat_sitthichareonchai_sopipan_jittimanee_kesdangsakonwut_thanawongnuwech_2016, title={Efficacy of Fostera® PRRS modified live virus (MLV) vaccination strategy against a Thai highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) infection}, volume={48}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-016-1099-1}, DOI={10.1007/s11250-016-1099-1}, abstractNote={Recently, the Chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (HP-PRRSV) belonging to lineage 8 causes severe symptom with high morbidity and high mortality rates to the Asian pig industry. A recent study showed that pigs immunized with Fostera® PRRS modified live virus (MLV) of lineage 8 could provide a degree of protection against a Vietnamese HP-PRRSV infection. It should be noted that PRRSV commonly found after weaning causes porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Vaccination strategy should be evaluated in each farm scenario. Eighty-one PRRSV-free piglets obtained from a PRRS-free herd were divided into two experiments with the major difference of infection timing after vaccination, 42 days in experiment 1 (n = 42) and 28 days in experiment 2 (n = 39). Each experiment had similar protocol containing three groups including a negative control, unvaccinated challenged, and vaccinated challenged groups. Pigs in vaccination groups were immunized with Fostera® PRRS MLV vaccine at 3 weeks of age. Then, unvaccinated challenged and vaccinated challenged groups were intranasally inoculated with a Thai HP-PRRSV (10PL01). Vaccinated challenged pigs showed significantly lower levels of mean rectal temperatures, clinical severity, lung lesion scores, and viral titers in serum and lung tissue compared to the unvaccinated challenged pigs (p < 0.05). Vaccinated challenged pigs had higher survival rate than those of unvaccinated challenged pigs in both experiments. It should be noted that pigs challenged 42 days after vaccination showed a better performance than pigs challenged 28 days after vaccination. In conclusion, Fostera® PRRS MLV vaccine was able to improve the survival rate against the Thai HP-PRRSV infection in both 42- and 28-day vaccination-to-infection protocols.}, number={7}, journal={Tropical Animal Health and Production}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Charoenchanikran, Ponlakrit and Kedkovid, Roongtham and Sirisereewan, Chaitawat and Woonwong, Yonlayong and Arunorat, Jirapat and Sitthichareonchai, Panchan and Sopipan, Natthawan and Jittimanee, Suphattra and Kesdangsakonwut, Sawang and Thanawongnuwech, Roongroje}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={1351–1359} }
@article{rungsipipat_sitthicharoenchai_marlow_prutthithaworn_tangkawattana_2016, title={Expression of metallothionein protein relating to proliferative cell index in malignant feline mammary tumors using high throughput tissue microarray technique}, volume={25}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84959529094&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00580-015-2208-7}, number={2}, journal={Comparative Clinical Pathology}, author={Rungsipipat, A. and Sitthicharoenchai, P. and Marlow, P. and Prutthithaworn, P. and Tangkawattana, S.}, year={2016}, pages={449–457} }
@article{poonsuk_arunorat_woonwong_sitthicharoenchai_jittimanee_choojai_thanawongnuwech_2014, title={Antiviral activity of four commercial tilmicosin preparations against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): An in vitro study}, volume={44}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84911933196&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={2}, journal={Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine}, author={Poonsuk, K. and Arunorat, J. and Woonwong, Y. and Sitthicharoenchai, P. and Jittimanee, S. and Choojai, P. and Thanawongnuwech, R.}, year={2014}, pages={217–222} }