@article{hertl_brandenburg_2013, title={First record of Larra bicolor (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in North Carolina}, volume={96}, DOI={10.1653/024.096.0359}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Here we report on the first record of the mole cricket parasitoid Larra bicolor F. (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in North Carolina. The presence of larvae and adults was documented at a mole-cricket-infested golf course near the South Carolina border. The means of arrival is not known, and may have occurred at the same time the hosts arrived or as the result of natural dispersal and range expansion. Evidence suggests that the parasitoids were able to survive through at least one severe winter.}, number={3}, journal={Florida Entomologist}, author={Hertl, P. T. and Brandenburg, R. L.}, year={2013}, pages={1175–1176} }
 @article{tu_wang_duan_hertl_tradway_brandenburg_lee_snell_hu_2011, title={Effects of fungicides and insecticides on feeding behavior and community dynamics of earthworms: Implications for casting control in turfgrass systems}, volume={47}, ISSN={0929-1393}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.11.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.11.002}, abstractNote={Earthworms play important roles in sustaining turfgrass systems through enhancing soil aeration, water filtration, and thatch mixing and decomposition. However, high surface activities of earthworms can lead to uneven playing surfaces, soil erosion and new niches favorable to weed invasion in the playing area of a golf course. Shifts from highly toxic and persistent to less toxic and easily degradable pesticides have been suggested to be largely responsible for high earthworm activities observed in turf systems worldwide. In this study, we examined the impact of fungicides and insecticides on earthworm behavior in controlled environments and on the dynamics of earthworm community in the field. Single application of insecticides Sevin (carbaryl) and Merit (imidacloprid) at the manufactures’ suggested doses significantly inhibited earthworm feeding activity for at least three weeks without leading to any earthworm death. Fungicides did not show significant toxicity to earthworms when applied only once, but their toxicities increased as application frequency increased. Consecutive weekly applications of Sevin, Merit and T-methyl for four times led to earthworm mortality of 35, 45 and 80%, respectively. In the field, six consecutive weekly applications of T-methyl and Sevin significantly reduced the abundance and biomass of earthworms with suppressive effects lasting for at least 6 weeks after the chemical application was terminated. Taken together, these findings suggest that the surface activities of earthworms in turfgrass systems may be managed through moderate application of pesticides at peak periods of earthworm activities.}, number={1}, journal={Applied Soil Ecology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Tu, Cong and Wang, Yi and Duan, Wenxia and Hertl, Peter and Tradway, Lane and Brandenburg, Rick and Lee, David and Snell, Mark and Hu, Shuijin}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={31–36} }
 @article{flight activity of scapteriscus vicinus scudder and s. borellii giglio-tos (orthoptera: gryllotalpidae) in southeastern north carolina_2005, volume={10}, journal={International Turfgrass Society Research Journal}, year={2005}, pages={723} }
 @article{hertl_brandenburg_2002, title={Effect of soil moisture and time of year on mole cricket (Orthoptera : Gryllotalpidae) surface tunneling}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1603/0046-225X-31.3.476}, abstractNote={Abstract The damage caused by two species of introduced mole cricket pests (Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder and Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos) was studied during 1995, 1996, and 1997 in Brunswick County, NC. Surface tunneling activity in bermudagrass was quantified weekly starting in late July or early August using a modification of the damage grid evaluation method of Cobb and Mack (1989). Soil moisture was monitored in three depth ranges (0–10.2, 10.2–20.3, and 20.3–30.5 cm) and percentage soil moisture based on dry soil weight was determined gravimetrically. Most sites had a higher percentage of S. borellii than S. vicinus, with the percentage of S. borellii ranging from 42–95%. The percentage soil moisture ranged from 1.2–24.9, 1.3–19.3, and 1.3–20.4% at 0–10.2, 10.2–20.3, and 20.3–30.5-cm, respectively. Moisture percentages in the 10.2–20.3- and 20.3–30.5-cm ranges were not significantly different. Mean percentage soil moisture in the 0–10.2 cm range was significantly greater than for the 10.2–20.3 and 20.3–30.5-cm ranges combined. Average damage ratings (0–9) increased linearly with Julian date, but due to differences in damage levels among the years, three separate linear equations were used to describe the relationship. Mean damage ratings increased by one rating point (11%) every 2–3 wk. A significant nonlinear relationship was found between percentage soil moisture and mean damage ratings. Management implications of the findings are discussed.}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Hertl, PT and Brandenburg, RL}, year={2002}, month={Jun}, pages={476–481} }
 @article{hertl_brandenburg_barbercheck_2001, title={Effect of soil moisture on ovipositional behavior in the southern mole cricket (Orthoptera : Gryllotalpidae)}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1603/0046-225X-30.3.466}, abstractNote={Abstract The relationship between soil moisture and oviposition in an edaphic insect pest, the southern mole cricket, Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos, was studied in a series of greenhouse experiments. Adults were captured in acoustic calling traps and associated pitfall traps during spring flights in southeastern North Carolina in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Female mole crickets were individually confined in chambers containing 2, 4, 7, 10, and 12% soil moisture. Oviposition and mortality were monitored daily. A significant linear relationship between oviposition and soil moisture was indicated by an increase in the number of crickets ovipositing in response to higher soil moisture levels. Additionally, a delay in oviposition was observed as a response to low soil moisture. There were no significant differences in the number of eggs per ovipositing female, indicating that when oviposition does take place, the individual response of the female is to lay a similar number of eggs regardless of moisture levels. The ovipositional response to a rapid increase in soil moisture was also examined. The rapid increase in moisture resulted in a significantly greater percentage of females ovipositing, as seen in the previous experiments.}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Hertl, PT and Brandenburg, RL and Barbercheck, ME}, year={2001}, month={Jun}, pages={466–473} }
 @inbook{brandenburg_hertl_villani_2000, title={Improved mole cricket management through an enhanced understanding of pest behavior}, volume={743}, DOI={10.1021/bk-2000-0743.ch025}, abstractNote={An economically and environmentally-sound approach to the management of a serious turfgrass pest to golf courses is effectively developed through an improved understanding of the pests biology and behavior. The subterranean turf pests in the group called mole crickets cause significant turf damage throughout the southeastern United States. The underground habitat of this pest renders this group both difficult and expensive to monitor and control. The development of a sound data base of mole cricket biology, ecology, and behavior is critical for the development an effective management plan. The use of a multi-tactic management approach is essential to provide the desired level of population suppression in an environmentally sound manner. The findings of a broad research effort (1993-1998) directed at mole crickets on golf courses have permitted the integration of new strategies into an effective management program.}, number={2000}, booktitle={Fate and management of turfgrass chemicals}, publisher={Washington, DC: American Chemical Society}, author={Brandenburg, R. L. and Hertl, P. T. and Villani, M. G.}, editor={J. M. Clark and Kenna, M. P.Editors}, year={2000}, pages={397–407} }
 @article{xia_hertl_brandenburg_2000, title={Surface and subsurface application of Beauveria bassiana for controlling mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in golf courses}, volume={17}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology}, author={Xia, Y. and Hertl, P. T. and Brandenburg, R. L.}, year={2000}, pages={177–189} }