@misc{tyagi_agate_velev_lucia_pal_2022, title={A Critical Review of the Performance and Soil Biodegradability Profiles of Biobased Natural and Chemically Synthesized Polymers in Industrial Applications}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1520-5851"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04710}, DOI={10.1021/acs.est.1c04710}, abstractNote={This review explores biobased polymers for industrial applications, their end fate, and most importantly, origin and key aspects enabling soil biodegradation. The physicochemical properties of biobased synthetic and natural polymers and the primary factors governing degradation are explored. Current and future biobased systems and factors allowing for equivalent comparisons of degradation and possible sources for engineering improved biodegradation are reviewed. Factors impacting ultraviolet (UV) stability of biopolymers have been described including methods to enhance photoresistance and impact on biodegradation. It discusses end-fate of biopolymers in soil and impact of residues on soil health. A limited number of studies examine side effects (e.g., microbial toxicity) from soil biodegradation of composites and biopolymers. Currently available standards for biodegradation and composting have been described with limitations and scope for improvements. Finally, design considerations and implications for sustainable polymers used, under consideration, and to be considered within the context of a rational biodegradable strategy are elaborated.}, number={4}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Tyagi, Preeti and Agate, Sachin and Velev, Orlin D. and Lucia, Lucian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2022}, month={Feb}, pages={2071–2095} }
 @article{tyagi_gutierrez_lucia_hubbe_pal_2022, title={Evidence for antimicrobial activity in hemp hurds and lignin-containing nanofibrillated cellulose materials}, volume={29}, ISSN={0969-0239 1572-882X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04583-w}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-022-04583-w}, number={9}, journal={Cellulose}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Tyagi, Preeti and Gutierrez, Joseph N. and Lucia, Lucian A. and Hubbe, Martin A. and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2022}, month={Apr}, pages={5151–5162} }
 @misc{tyagi_salem_hubbe_pal_2021, title={Advances in barrier coatings and film technologies for achieving sustainable packaging of food products-A review}, volume={115}, ISSN={["1879-3053"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.036}, DOI={10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.036}, abstractNote={The technology of food packaging is responding to significant market dynamics such as the rapid growth in e-commerce and preservation of fresh food, a sector that accounts for over 40% of plastic waste. Further, mandates for sustainability and recent changes in national governmental policies and regulations that include banning single-use plastic products as observed in sweeping reforms in Europe, Asia, and several US States are forcing industries and consumers to find alternative solutions. This review highlights an ongoing shift of barrier coatings from traditional synthetic polymers to sustainable breakthrough materials for paper-based packaging and films. Advantages, challenges and adapting feasibility of these materials are described, highlighting the implications of selecting different materials and processing options. A brief description on progress in methods of coating technologies is also included. Finally, the end fate of the barrier materials is classified depending on the packaging type, coating materials used and sorting facility availability. Different types of coatings, such as water-based biopolymers, due to their greater environmental compatibility, are making inroads into more traditional petroleum-based wax and plastic laminate paperboard products for fresh food bakery, frozen food, and take-out containers applications. In addition, nano-biocomposites have been studied at an accelerating pace for developing active and smart packaging. Based on the momentum of recent developments, a strong pace of continuing developments in the field can be expected.}, journal={TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Tyagi, Preeti and Salem, Khandoker Samaher and Hubbe, Martin A. and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2021}, month={Sep}, pages={461–485} }
 @article{hydrothermal and mechanically generated hemp hurd nanofibers for sustainable barrier coatings/films_2021, url={https://www.journals.elsevier.com/industrial-crops-and-products}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113582}, abstractNote={Residual hemp (Cannabis sativa) hurd fibers obtained from hydrothermal, carbonate, and kraft treatments were the resources used to obtain lignocellulosic nanofibers (LCNF) by using an ultra-fine friction grinder. The morphological, crystallinity, and chemical characteristics of the nanocellulose films were carried out using SEM, XRD, EDX and ToF-SIMS. Water barrier properties of the same were measured in terms of water contact angle, water vapor permeability (WVP) and water absorption. The barrier properties were found to be dependent not only on the lignin content and lignin distribution, but also on the film density and porous structure. LCNF films and coatings showed much higher water contact angle (WCA) (80°-102°) than films produced from the bleached CNF. WVP was found to be more dependent on the density of films than lignin content. Overall, LCNF-based films and coatings derived from hemp hurd residual fibers can contribute to a circular economy and sustainability.}, journal={Industrial Crops and Products}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }
 @article{tyagi_gutierrez_nathani_lucia_rojas_hubbe_pal_2021, title={Hydrothermal and mechanically generated hemp hurd nanofibers for sustainable barrier coatings/films}, volume={168}, ISSN={["1872-633X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113582}, DOI={10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113582}, abstractNote={Residual hemp (Cannabis sativa) hurd fibers obtained from hydrothermal, carbonate, and kraft treatments were the resources used to obtain lignocellulosic nanofibers (LCNF) by using an ultra-fine friction grinder. The morphological, crystallinity, and chemical characteristics of the nanocellulose films were carried out using SEM, XRD, EDX and ToF-SIMS. Water barrier properties of the same were measured in terms of water contact angle, water vapor permeability (WVP) and water absorption. The barrier properties were found to be dependent not only on the lignin content and lignin distribution, but also on the film density and porous structure. LCNF films and coatings showed much higher water contact angle (WCA) (80°-102°) than films produced from the bleached CNF. WVP was found to be more dependent on the density of films than lignin content. Overall, LCNF-based films and coatings derived from hemp hurd residual fibers can contribute to a circular economy and sustainability.}, journal={INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Tyagi, Preeti and Gutierrez, Joseph N. and Nathani, Ved and Lucia, Lucian A. and Rojas, Orlando J. and Hubbe, Martin A. and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }
 @article{naithani_tyagi_jameel_lucia_pal_2020, title={Ecofriendly and Innovative Processing of Hemp Hurds Fibers for Tissue and Towel Paper}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1930-2126"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85078956694&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.15376/biores.15.1.706-720}, abstractNote={An innovative approach for preparing hemp fibers from hemp hurds for use in tissue and towel grades of paper is described. Hemp hurds are a low value by-product of industrial hemp processing that are generally used for animal bed litter. Tissue paper was fabricated from hemp hurd fibers by following three pulping processes: autohydrolysis (hydrothermal), sodium carbonate-based defibration, and high yield kraft pulping, and benchmarked against hardwood pulp. To meet industrial standards, hardwood and hemp pulp fibers were mixed at a dry mass ratio of 75:25, from which tissue paper sheets were prepared. Desirable tissue paper properties, such as water absorption, burst resistance, softness, and tensile strength (dry and wet), were measured and compared. Characterization of morphological and chemical properties of tissue handsheets was conducted with SEM and time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The combined kraft pulped hardwood and autohydrolyzed hemp pulp fibers displayed improvements in tensile index, burst resistance, and softness of tissue handsheets compared to only kraft hardwood pulp handsheets without adversely impacting water absorption. Hardwood fibers showed a sparse distribution of surface lignin compared to hemp fibers using the same defibration. This technology can lead to a variety of eco-friendly tissue paper products that are not only highly energy efficient, but avoid harsh chemical processing.}, number={1}, journal={BIORESOURCES}, author={Naithani, Ved and Tyagi, Preeti and Jameel, Hasan and Lucia, Lucian A. and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={706–720} }
 @article{sun_tyagi_agate_mccord_lucia_pal_2020, title={Highly tunable bioadhesion and optics of 3D printable PNIPAm/cellulose nanofibrils hydrogels}, volume={234}, ISSN={0144-8617}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115898}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115898}, abstractNote={A hybrid poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm)/cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) hydrogel composite was fabricated by inverted stereolithography 3D printing to provide a new platform for regulating lower critical solution temperature (LCST) properties and thus tuning optical and bioadhesive properties. The phenomena of interest in the as-printed PNIPAm/CNF hydrogels may be attributed to the fiber-reinforced composite system between crosslinked PNIPAm and CNFs. The optical tunability was found to be correlated to the micro/nano structures of the PNIPAm/CNF hydrogel films. It was found that PNIPAm/CNF hydrogels exhibit switchable bioadhesivity to bacteria in response to CNF distribution in the hydrogels. After 2.0 wt% CNF was incorporated, it was found that a remarkable 8°C reduction of the LCST was achieved relative to PNIPAm hydrogel crosslinked by TEGDMA without CNF. The prepared PNIPAm/CNF hydrogels possessed highly reversible optical, bioadhesion, and thermal performance, making them suitable to be used as durable temperature-sensitive sensors and functional biomedical devices.}, journal={Carbohydrate Polymers}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sun, Xiaohang and Tyagi, Preeti and Agate, Sachin and McCord, Marian G. and Lucia, Lucian A. and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={115898} }
 @article{agate_tyagi_naithani_lucia_pal_2020, title={Innovating Generation of Nanocellulose from Industrial Hemp by Dual Asymmetric Centrifugation}, volume={8}, ISSN={2168-0485 2168-0485}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05992}, DOI={10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05992}, abstractNote={Among nanobiomaterials, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) possessing intrinsically appealing fiber dimensions on the nanometer scale and biocompatibility feature arguably the greatest potential for a var...}, number={4}, journal={ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Agate, Sachin and Tyagi, Preeti and Naithani, Ved and Lucia, Lucian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2020}, month={Jan}, pages={1850–1858} }
 @article{tyagi_joyce_agate_hubbe_pal_2019, title={Citrus-based hydrocolloids: A water retention aid and rheology modifier for paper coatings}, volume={18}, ISSN={0734-1415}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj18.7.443}, DOI={10.32964/TJ18.7.443}, abstractNote={The rheological and dewatering behavior of an aqueous pigmented coating system not only affects the machine runnability but also affects the product quality. The current study describes the use of natural hydrocolloids derived from citrus peel fibers as a rheology modifier in paper coating applications. The results were compared with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a typical paper coating system. Water retention of the coating formulation was increased by 56% with citrus peel fibers compared to a default coating, and it also was higher than a CMCcontaining coating. The Brookfield viscosity of paper coatings was found to increase with citrus peel fibers. Compared to CMC, different citrus peel fibers containing coating recipes were able to achieve similar or higher water retention values, with no change or a slight increase in viscosity. Coatings were applied on linerboard using the Mayer rod-coating method, and all basic properties of paper were measured to assess the impact of citrus peel fiber on the functional value of the coatings. Paper properties were improved with coated paper containing citrus peel fibers, including brightness, porosity, smoothness, surface bonding strength, and ink absorption.}, number={7}, journal={July 2019}, publisher={TAPPI}, author={Tyagi, Preeti and Joyce, Michael and Agate, Sachin and Hubbe, Martin and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={443–450} }
 @article{tyagi_lucia_hubbe_pal_2019, title={Nanocellulose-based multilayer barrier coatings for gas, oil, and grease resistance}, volume={206}, ISSN={0144-8617}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.114}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.114}, abstractNote={Cellulose derivatives such as cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have enormous potential to reduce or replace petroleum and fluorochemicals for food and other packaging applications. CNFs have been studied for their excellent oxygen and gas barrier properties; however, their performance rapidly decreases in the presence of moisture and higher humidity. CNCs are less sensitive to moisture due to their highly crystalline nature; however, coatings and films made of CNCs are much more prone to fracture due to their high brittleness. Our work demonstrates a unique composite barrier coating system of CNF and CNC that synergistically enables oil and grease resistance (a kit rating of 11) comparable to fluorochemicals. It also demonstrates a significant increase in air resistance (∼by a factor of about 300), and a reduction in oxygen transmission rate (∼by a factor of about 260) compared to uncoated paper. The improvements in oil and gas barrier properties were evaluated with respect to the molecular, chemical, and structural properties of the developed coatings.}, journal={Carbohydrate Polymers}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Tyagi, Preeti and Lucia, Lucian A. and Hubbe, Martin A. and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={281–288} }
 @inproceedings{tyagi_lucia_hubbe_pal_2019, title={Progress in barrier coating technology for paper-based food packaging}, volume={1}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85096653001&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, booktitle={Paper Conference and Trade Show, PaperCon 2019}, author={Tyagi, P. and Lucia, L. and Hubbe, M. and Pal, L.}, year={2019}, pages={180–208} }
 @article{sun_tyagi_agate_lucia_mccord_pal_2019, title={Unique thermo-responsivity and tunable optical performance of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-cellulose nanocrystal hydrogel films}, volume={208}, ISSN={0144-8617}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.067}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.067}, abstractNote={A hybrid materials system to modulate lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and moisture content for thermo-responsivity and optical tunability was strategically developed by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogel matrix. The PNIPAm/CNC hydrogel films exhibit tunable optical properties and wavelength bandpass selectivity as characterized by PROBE Spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Importantly, the micro/nano structures of the PNIPAm/CNC hydrogel films were completely different when dried below and above the LCST. Below the LCST, PNIPAm/CNC hydrogel films exhibit transparency or semi-transparency due to the uniform bonding of hydrophilic PNIPAm and CNC through hydrogen bonds. Above the LCST, the hydrogel films engage in both hydrophobic PNIPAm and hydrophilic CNC interactions due to changes in PNIPAm conformation which lead to light scattering effects and hence opacity. Furthermore, the incorporation of CNC induces a ∼ 15 °C reduction of the LCST relative to pure PNIPAm hydrogel films.}, journal={Carbohydrate Polymers}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sun, Xiaohang and Tyagi, Preeti and Agate, Sachin and Lucia, Lucian and McCord, Marian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={495–503} }
 @article{tyagi_hubbe_lucia_pal_2018, title={High performance nanocellulose-based composite coatings for oil and grease resistance}, volume={25}, ISSN={0969-0239 1572-882X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1810-7}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-018-1810-7}, number={6}, journal={Cellulose}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Tyagi, Preeti and Hubbe, Martin A. and Lucia, Lucian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2018}, month={May}, pages={3377–3391} }
 @article{tyagi_mathew_opperman_jameel_gonzalez_lucia_hubbe_pal_2018, title={High-Strength Antibacterial Chitosan–Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite Tissue Paper}, volume={35}, ISSN={0743-7463 1520-5827}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02655}, DOI={10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02655}, abstractNote={A heightened need to control the spread of infectious diseases prompted the current work in which functionalized and innovative antimicrobial tissue paper was developed with a hydrophobic spray-coating of chitosan (Ch) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite. It was hypothesized that the hydrophobic nature of chitosan could be counterbalanced by the addition of CNC to maintain fiber formation and water absorbency. Light-weight tissue handsheets were prepared, spray-coated with Ch, CNC, and their composite coating (ChCNC), and tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and a microbial sample from a human hand after using the rest room. Water absorption and strength properties were also analyzed. To activate the surface of cationized tissue paper, an oxygen/helium gas atmospheric plasma treatment was employed on the best performing antimicrobial tissue papers. The highest bactericidal activity was observed with ChCNC-coated tissue paper, inhibiting up to 98% microbial growth. Plasma treatment further improved the antimicrobial activity of the coatings. Water absorption properties were reduced with Ch but increased with CNC. This "self-disinfecting" bactericidal tissue has the potential to be one of the most innovative products for the hygiene industry because it can dry, clean, and resist the infection of surfaces simultaneously, providing significant societal benefits.}, number={1}, journal={Langmuir}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Tyagi, Preeti and Mathew, Reny and Opperman, Charles and Jameel, Hasan and Gonzalez, Ronalds and Lucia, Lucian and Hubbe, Martin and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={104–112} }
 @inproceedings{naithani_tyagi_lucia_pal_jameel_gonzalez_2018, title={Highly green and favorable energetics for generating non-wood fibers for tissue production}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85071086740&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, booktitle={Tissue Conference and Expo 2018: In the Heart of the North American Tissue Industry}, author={Naithani, V. and Tyagi, P. and Lucia, L. and Pal, L. and Jameel, H. and Gonzalez, R.}, year={2018}, pages={11–26} }
 @inproceedings{agate_tyagi_pal_lucia_2018, title={Novel approaches to paper surface treatment for high-speed inkjet production printing}, volume={3}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85060391507&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, booktitle={Paper Conference and Trade Show, PaperCon 2018}, author={Agate, S. and Tyagi, P. and Pal, L. and Lucia, L.}, year={2018}, pages={1598–1610} }
 @inproceedings{tyagi_pal_hubbe_2017, title={Effects of montmorillonite, kaolinite, protein, and AKD on nanocellulose-based barrier coatings for packaging}, volume={2}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85041503833&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, booktitle={Paper Conference and Trade Show, PaperCon 2017: Renew, Rethink, Redefine the Future}, author={Tyagi, P. and Pal, L. and Hubbe, M.}, year={2017}, pages={837–852} }
 @article{hubbe_ferrer_tyagi_yin_salas_pal_rojas_2017, title={Nanocellulose in thin films, coatings, and plies for packaging applications: A review}, volume={12}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85027385891&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.15376/biores.12.1.2143-2233}, abstractNote={This review article was prompted by a remarkable growth in the number of scientific publications dealing with the use of nanocellulose (especially nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and bacterial cellulose (BC)) to enhance the barrier properties and other performance attributes of new generations of packaging products. Recent research has confirmed and extended what is known about oxygen barrier and water vapor transmission performance, strength properties, and the susceptibility of nanocellulose-based films and coatings to the presence of humidity or moisture. Recent research also points to various promising strategies to prepare ecologically-friendly packaging materials, taking advantage of nanocellulose-based layers, to compete in an arena that has long been dominated by synthetic plastics. Some promising approaches entail usage of multiple layers of different materials or additives such as waxes, high-aspect ratio nano-clays, and surface-active compounds in addition to the nanocellulose material. While various high-end applications may be achieved by chemical derivatization or grafting of the nanocellulose, the current trends in research suggest that high-volume implementation will likely incorporate water-based formulations, which may include water-based dispersions or emulsions, depending on the end-uses.}, number={1}, journal={BioResources}, author={Hubbe, M.A. and Ferrer, A. and Tyagi, P. and Yin, Y. and Salas, C. and Pal, L. and Rojas, O.J.}, year={2017}, pages={2143–2233} }
 @article{nanocellulose in thin films, coatings, and plies for packaging applications: a review_2017, url={https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/11063}, journal={BioResources}, year={2017}, month={Feb} }
 @misc{hubbe_ferrer_tyagi_yin_salas_pal_rojas_2017, title={Nanocellulose in thin films, coatings, and plies for packaging applications: a review}, volume={12}, number={1}, journal={BioResources}, author={Hubbe, M. A. and Ferrer, A. and Tyagi, P. and Yin, Y. Y. and Salas, C. and Pal, L. and Rojas, O. J.}, year={2017}, pages={2143–2233} }
 @article{hubbe_tayeb_joyce_tyagi_kehoe_dimic-misic_pal_2017, title={Rheology of nanocellulose-rich aqueous suspensions: A review}, volume={12}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85032663763&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.15376/biores.12.4.Hubbe}, abstractNote={The flow characteristics of dilute aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), and related products in dilute aqueous suspensions could be of great importance for many emerging applications. This review article considers publications dealing with the rheology of nanocellulose aqueous suspensions in the absence of matrix materials. In other words, the focus is on systems in which the cellulosic particles themselves – dependent on their morphology and the interactive forces between them – largely govern the observed rheological effects. Substantial progress in understanding rheological phenomena is evident in the large volume of recent publications dealing with such issues including the effects of flow history, stratification of solid and fluid layers during testing, entanglement of nanocellulose particles, and the variation of inter-particle forces by changing the pH or salt concentrations, among other factors. Better quantification of particle shape and particle-to-particle interactions may provide advances in future understanding. Despite the very complex morphology of highly fibrillated cellulosic nanomaterials, progress is being made in understanding their rheology, which supports their usage in applications such as coating, thickening, and 3D printing.}, number={4}, journal={BioResources}, author={Hubbe, M.A. and Tayeb, P. and Joyce, M. and Tyagi, P. and Kehoe, M. and Dimic-Misic, K. and Pal, L.}, year={2017}, pages={9556–9661} }
 @article{rheology of nanocellulose-rich aqueous suspensions: a review_2017, url={https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_12_4_9556_Hubbe_Rheology_Nanocellulose_Aqueous_Suspension}, journal={BioResources}, year={2017}, month={Oct} }
 @article{factors influencing polymeric granule-assisted dispersion of ultraviolet ink_2016, journal={TAPPI Journal}, year={2016}, month={Jan} }
 @article{immunopotentiating effects of centella asiatica (linn.) in chicken lymphocytes culture system_2013, journal={Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology}, year={2013} }