@article{wang-li_cao_li_liu_beasley_2013, title={Concentration and particle size distribution of particulate matter inside tunnel-ventilated high-rise layer operation houses}, volume={66}, ISSN={["1873-2844"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84871094175&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.064}, abstractNote={Particulate matter (PM) is a criteria pollutant emitted from animal feeding operation (AFO) facilities, especially from poultry operation buildings. Fundamental data regarding AFO PM either do not exist, or are not representative of different animal production systems or housing types. This field study investigated particle size distributions (PSDs) and concentrations of total suspended particulate (TSP) in a tunnel ventilated high-rise layer house under different operational conditions. Six low-volume (1 m3 h−1) TSP samplers were used to collect PM samples on two floors of the high-rise layer houses across four seasons through day/night sampling protocols. The day/night sampling design was to examine animal activity impact. The PM samples were analyzed by a multi-wave length laser diffraction particle size analyzer (LS13 320) for PSDs characterized by mass median diameters (MMDs) and geometric standard deviations (GSDs). It was discovered that the mean TSP concentrations ranged from 1.0 ± 0.5 mg m−3 to 5.33 ± 0.36 mg m−3 (mean ± SD). TSP concentrations in winter were higher than in summer; concentrations on the 2nd floor were higher than that on the 1st floor; concentrations of daytime samples were higher than those of nighttime samples. Animal activity (represented by day/night samples) had the highest impact on TSP concentration as compared to other influential factors (spatial, seasonal, ventilation). No significant seasonal variations of MMD and GSD were observed in most of samples. Majority of day/night MMDs and GSDs demonstrated no significant differences. Thus the impact of animal activity (day vs. night) on MMD and GSD were not significant. Mean MMDs ± SDs ranged from 16.81 ± 1.57 μm to 20.26 ± 3.53 μm, whereas means ± SDs of GSDs ranged from 2.38 ± 0.20 to 2.81 ± 0.30. Mean PM2.5 fractions ± SDs ranged from 5.03 ± 1.60% to 8.93 ± 0.97%, whereas mean PM10 fractions ± SDs ranged from 23.25 ± 5.18% to 38.55 ± 2.96%. Significant seasonal variation in both PM10 and PM2.5 mass fractions were observed.}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={Wang-Li, Lingjuan and Cao, Zihan and Li, Qianfeng and Liu, Zifei and Beasley, David B.}, year={2013}, month={Feb}, pages={8–16} }
 @article{wang-li_li_byfield_2013, title={Identification of Bioaerosols Released from an Egg Production Facility in the Southeast United States}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1557-9018"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84874096303&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1089/ees.2011.0517}, abstractNote={This field study investigated biological characteristics of aerosols emitted from a commercial egg production farm (layer operation). Bioaerosol samples were taken on this farm at five sampling locations covering emission source (inside a layer barn) and four ambient surrounding stations at four wind directions. All-glass impingers (AGI) were used for the field sampling. AGI fluid samples were plated in duplicate on Trypticase Soy Agar for growth of bacteria and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar for growth of fungi. The most prominent bacterial colony types were identified using a combination of methods that include recording characteristics of colony morphology; performing a Gram staining method and metabolic analyses using the Biolog system. Results from thirty-five AGI samples taken at the five stations through seven sampling events over four seasons indicate that there were significantly lower total bacterial concentrations in the samples collected from ambient stations as compared with the samples collected in the layer house; the mean bacterial concentration at the in-house sampling station was 3.86×10(5)±1.74×10(5) cfu/m(3), whereas the mean bacterial concentrations at four ambient stations in the vicinity of the farm ranged from 1.3×10(3) to 6.2×10(3) cfu/m(3) with no significant differences in mean among ambient stations. There were also no significant differences in fungi concentrations among all sampling stations. Mean fungi concentrations at the in-house station was 3.0×10(3)±4.45×10(3) cfu/m(3), whereas the mean concentrations at the ambient stations ranged from 7.4×10(3) to 1.7×10(4) cfu/m(3). The most prominent bacterial species differed among all five stations. Three of the most prominent bacteria from samples taken at all five stations were gram positive. Fungal type also differed from station to station.}, number={1}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE}, author={Wang-Li, Lingjuan and Li, Qianfeng and Byfield, Grace E.}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={2–10} }
 @article{li_wang-li_liu_heber_2012, title={Field evaluation of particulate matter measurements using tapered element oscillating microbalance in a layer house}, volume={62}, ISSN={["2162-2906"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84860252608&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/10473289.2011.650316}, abstractNote={The tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) is one type of continuous ambient particulate matter (PM) monitor. Adsorption and desorption of moisture and semivolatile species may cause positive or negative artifacts in TEOM PM mass measurement. The objective of this field study was to investigate possible uncertainties associated with TEOM measurements in the poultry operation environment. For comparisons of TEOM with filter-based gravimetric method, four instruments (TEOM-PM10, low-volume PM10 sampler, TEOM-PM2.5, and PM2.5 speciation sampler) were collocated and tested inside a poultry house for PM2.5 and PM10 (PM with aerodynamic equivalent diameter ≤2.5 and ≤10 μm, respectively) measurements. Fifteen sets of 24-hr PM10 concentrations and 13 sets of 24-hr PM2.5 measurements were obtained. Results indicate that compared with filter-based gravimetric method, TEOM gave significantly lower values of both PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations. For PM10, the average ratio of TEOM to the gravimetric method was 0.936. For PM2.5, the average ratio of TEOM to the gravimetric method was 0.738. Particulate matter in the poultry houses possibly contains semivolatile compounds and moisture due to high levels of relative humidity (RH) and gas pollutants. The internal heating mechanism of the TEOM may cause losses in mass through volatilization. To investigate the effects of TEOM settings on concentration measurements, the heaters of two identical TEOMs were set at 50 °C, 30 °C, or no heating at all. They were collocated and tested for total suspended particle (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5 measurements in layer house for 6 weeks. For all TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 measurements, the internal TEOM temperature setting had a significant effect (P < 0.05). Significantly higher PM mass concentrations were measured at lower temperature settings. The effects of environmental (i.e., temperature, RH, NH3 and CO2 concentrations) and instrumental (i.e., filter loading and noise) parameters on PM measurements were also assessed using regression analysis. Implications Because of its potential health and environmental effects, particulate matter (PM) emissions from animal feeding operations (AFOs) have been a great concern to the public and to the regulatory agencies. The tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) PM monitor has been was adapted for continuous PM measurements in some AFO air quality studies. This study investigated possible uncertainties associated with TEOM measurements in an egg production environment. It was discovered that there was a significant bias in TEOM measurements of PM10 as compared with federal reference method. Internal temperature settings of a TEOM have significant impact on its PM measurement.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION}, author={Li, Qian-Feng and Wang-Li, Lingjuan and Liu, Zifei and Heber, Albert J.}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={322–335} }
 @article{zhou_lu_su_dong_li_chen_2012, title={The binding affinity of amino acid-protein: hydroxyproline binding site I on human serum albumin}, volume={10}, number={41}, journal={Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry}, author={Zhou, X. M. and Lu, W. J. and Su, L. and Dong, Y. L. and Li, Q. F. and Chen, X. G.}, year={2012}, pages={8314–8321} }
 @article{li_wang-li_shah_jayanty_bloomfield_2011, title={Fine particulate matter in a high-rise layer house and its vicinity}, volume={54}, number={6}, journal={Transactions of the ASABE}, author={Li, Q. and Wang-Li, L. and Shah, S. B. and Jayanty, R. K. M. and Bloomfield, P.}, year={2011}, pages={2299–2310} }
 @article{rattanavaraha_rosen_zhang_li_pantong_kamens_2011, title={The reactive oxidant potential of different types of aged atmospheric particles: An outdoor chamber study}, volume={45}, number={23}, journal={Atmospheric Environment}, author={Rattanavaraha, W. and Rosen, E. and Zhang, H. F. and Li, Q. F. and Pantong, K. and Kamens, R. M.}, year={2011}, pages={3848–3855} }
 @article{li_wang_oviedo-rondon_parnell_2010, title={Effect of ozonation on particulate matter in broiler houses}, volume={89}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77958110285&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2010-00712}, abstractNote={The effects of ozonation on particulate matter were studied on a commercial broiler farm. The farm consisted of 4 identical tunnel-ventilated houses (12.8×152.4 m): 2 houses were treated with O3 (maximum concentration 0.1 ppm) and the other 2 served as control units. The particle size distributions of total suspended particulate (TSP) samples from both control and treated houses were found to have very similar profiles with no statistical difference. The TSP concentrations were significantly higher in treated houses as compared with those in control houses, and the mean of the differences was 5.50 mg/m3. In both treated and control houses, there were substantial vertical TSP concentration gradients and the concentrations decreased with height. At broiler chicken height (0.28 m), TSP concentrations were 13±3 mg/m3 in control houses and 17±2 mg/m3 in treated houses. At human breathing height (1.55 m), TSP concentrations were 8±4 mg/m3 in control houses and 7±2 mg/m3 in treated houses. Particle phase NH4+ concentrations were higher in treated houses (ranging from 0.59 to 42.01 mg/m3 with mean=17.49 mg/m3) than in control houses (ranging from 0.34 to 13.55 mg/m3 with mean=4.42 mg/m3). The TSP samples from locations in the vicinity of the farm showed higher concentrations downwind than that upwind, but there were no significant differences observed among different ambient locations for TSP NH4+ concentrations. The results from this study did not show that direct application of ozonation technique has beneficial effects for particulate matter control in broiler houses.}, number={10}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Li, Q. and Wang, L. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. and Parnell, C. B.}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={2052–2062} }
 @article{li_wang_liu_kamens_2009, title={Could ozonation technology really work for mitigating air emissions from animal feeding operations?}, volume={59}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-70449729852&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3155/1047-3289.59.10.1239}, abstractNote={Abstract Among various mitigation technologies for ammonia (NH3) emission control at animal feeding operations (AFOs), room ozonation technology is the most controversial. This paper aims to present full perspectives of ozonation techniques through a literature review and a series of laboratory experiments. In the literature review, ozone chemistry was summarized to address (1) ozone and NH3 reactions, (2) ozone and odor reactions, (3) ozone and particulate matter reactions, and (4) ozone and microorganism reactions. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted in a dual large outdoor aerosol smog chamber (270 m3). NH3 and fine particle number concentrations from ozone-treated and control experiments were compared. The experimental results indicated that (1) ozone has no significant effect on NH3 emissions concentrations or NH3 decay of an outdoor chamber; and (2) with ozone treatment, high concentration of particles in the “high-risk” respiratory fraction (in submicron range) are generated.}, number={10}, journal={Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association}, author={Li, Q. and Wang, L. and Liu, Z. and Kamens, R.M.}, year={2009}, pages={1239–1246} }
 @article{li_wyatt_kamens_2009, title={Oxidant generation and toxicity enhancement of aged-diesel exhaust}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1873-2844"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.018}, abstractNote={Diesel exhaust related airborne Particulate Matter (PM) has been linked to a myriad of adverse health outcomes, ranging from cancer to cardiopulmonary disease. The underlying toxicological mechanisms are of great scientific interest. A hypothesis under investigation is that many of the adverse health effects may derive from oxidative stress, initiated by the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within affected cells. In this study, the main objective was to determine whether aged-diesel exhaust PM has a higher oxidant generation and toxicity than fresh diesel exhaust PM. The diesel exhaust PM was generated from a 1980 Mercedes-Benz model 300SD, and a dual 270 m3 Teflon film chamber was utilized to generate two test atmospheres. One side of the chamber is used to produce ozone–diesel exhaust PM system, and another side of the chamber was used to produce diesel exhaust PM only system. A newly optimized dithiothreitol (DTT) method was used to assess their oxidant generation and toxicity. The results of this study showed: (1) both fresh and aged-diesel exhaust PM had high oxidant generation and toxicity; (2) ozone–diesel exhaust PM had a higher toxicity response than diesel exhaust PM only; (3) the diesel exhaust PM toxicity increased with time; (4) the optimized DTT method could be used as a good quantitative chemical assay for oxidant generation and toxicity measurement.}, number={5}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={Li, Qianfeng and Wyatt, Anna and Kamens, Richard M.}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, pages={1037–1042} }