@inproceedings{gupta_brain_2021, title={Work in Progress: Entrepreneurship and Senior Design Program Collaboration Towards Multidisciplinary Design}, url={https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--38151}, DOI={10.18260/1-2--38151}, abstractNote={Abstract Creating collaborative design projects between the Engineering Entrepreneurs Program (EEP) and the Electrical & Computer Engineering Department's Senior Design (ECE SD) program didn't only add value to both programs but also proved to be a key aspect in building a foundation for true multi-disciplinary senior design at North Carolina State University (NC State). The EEP supports multi-disciplinary teams where seniors from several engineering departments form a team and suggest a solution to an existing real-life problem. They also devise a viable business around it based on the market and implement the first basic prototype. On the other hand, in the ECE SD program, a team of ECE engineers is given a problem by an outside entity called the Sponsor (industry, academia, company, individual, etc.). The sponsored team then produces a viable product design solution to the problem, builds multiple product prototypes, tests, and verifies them based on the product requirements. While the EEP program focuses mainly on market exploration, customer study, and business planning, the ECE SD program's direction is towards system engineering, product design exploration, prototype building, verification, and in some cases, manufacturability. Therefore, the authors saw a clear opportunity to collaborate and broaden the horizons of both programs and deserving teams on both sides. This collaboration enabled creating a model and platform for multi-disciplinary engagement from students and faculty in engineering capstone design. The authors implemented this collaboration model with a pilot project three years ago. This model was slightly modified based on the lessons learned and learning outcomes reported by the participating EEP and ECE SD teams. This model brought forth some keen observations and lessons, which the authors have seen as the first step in forming a comprehensive multi-disciplinary design program. The preliminary impact of these steps is that 15 to 20% of the ECE SD program's design projects are multi-disciplinary (with 6 to 8 faculty members from several departments as mentors) and are growing. This growing multi-disciplinary collaboration has also brought in additional annual funding. This paper shares the structure, phases, advantages, outcomes, and impact of this collaboration model, which can be amended to collaborations between other programs. The paper also describes successes, failures, and learning lessons from this multi-disciplinary collaboration model and closes with the next steps.}, author={Gupta, Rachana and Brain, Marshall}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @inproceedings{gupta_dunko_2021, title={Team formation in the ECE Capstone course and studying impact}, url={https://sites.asee.org/se/wp-content/uploads/sites/56/2021/04/2021ASEESE42.pdf}, booktitle={ASEE-Southeastern Section conference}, author={Gupta, R. and Dunko, G.}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @inproceedings{work in progress: entrepreneurship and senior design program collaboration towards multidisciplinary design_2021, url={https://peer.asee.org/38151}, booktitle={2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference}, year={2021} }
 @inproceedings{gupta_dunko_2018, title={A Four-step Method for Capstone Design Teams to Gather Relevant and Well-defined Product Requirements}, url={https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--29679}, DOI={10.18260/1-2--29679}, abstractNote={Dr. Rachana A Gupta is currently a Teaching Associate professor and Associate Director of ECE Senior Design Program at NCSU. She teaches and mentors several senior design students on industry-sponsored projects (On average 12 / semester) to successful completion of an end product. These projects include all aspects of System Engineering: concept design, product design and design trade-offs, prototyping and testing (circuit design, PCB, mechanical fabrication, algorithm development). These projects have included Robotics Platforms, Planning, Monitoring and Control algorithms, Sensor Interface, User Interfaces, Wireless communication, Signal Processing etc. All of this involves direction and teaching teams how to use the required tools and apply engineering skills to transform a concept into a product. She also manages interdisciplinary senior design projects in collaboration with other engineering departments such as Textiles Engineering, Mechanical engineering, etc. Beyond senior design, she has also created and teaches undergraduate as well as graduate level classes in ECE (Python in Engineering, Algorithms in ECE, Practical Engineering Prototyping (PrEP)). She also has designed and taught ECE Robotics summer camp since 2012.}, booktitle={2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition  Proceedings}, publisher={ASEE Conferences}, author={Gupta, Rachana and Dunko, Greg}, year={2018}, month={Jun} }
 @inproceedings{gupta_dunko_2019, title={Board 59: Work in Progress: Industry-based Team Program Reviews for Capstone Design Teams}, url={https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--32384}, DOI={10.18260/1-2--32384}, abstractNote={Abstract This paper presents methods, formats, schedules and grading rubrics for industry based project status review (called the Team Program Review) for engineering capstone design teams. These reviews are devised by the authors from their industry experience but are modified to particularly suit student capstone design teams in project management still keeping the industry flavor. The Reviews mainly address two challenges: (1) Teaching capstone design teams several necessary project management aspects which are needed to be regularly monitored throughout the project execution, and (2) defining a fair, accurate grading rubric to regularly and efficiently evaluate individual student’s and team's performance throughout the project. The Program Reviews are comprised of 10-12 minute presentations of specific materials on a biweekly basis. The methods and contents described in this paper help all of the student teams (irrespective of the project topic and requirements) in efficiently managing their project within the team and in reporting the true status of the project to relevant project stakeholders regularly. In addition, these reviews expose team members to “real world” business approaches that they will experience in their engineering/management career. The format and rubrics presented in the paper are comprehensive, in-line with ABET student outcomes and help instructors correctly evaluate all different aspects of the team project on a regular basis. This includes a quantitative evaluation of especially intangible aspects, which are otherwise difficult to evaluate without in-person team meetings, such as individual and team project monitoring and managing skills, effective teamwork, professionalism, and also individual technical contributions, presentation skills, etc. These program reviews have helped the authors successfully and efficiently manage and grade on average 10 to 20 projects a semester in Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Senior Design program at authors' institute. These program review formats have evolved based on continuous industry sponsor feedback and is a living rubric/method/process. The paper presents the latest methods and rubrics and the preliminary results from the past 3 years of authors' program's Senior Design teams (Approximately 100 teams) showing an increase in team’s overall performance and project management skills during the project execution process. The paper also presents the results showing an increase in the number of successful projects and quality achieved due to these regular Team Program Reviews. Results from a brief feedback survey from industry sponsors and evaluators about these Team Program Review format and methods are also included. Authors have no particular preference for the session. Authors’ main goal is to receive feedback on their work in progress.}, author={Gupta, Rachana and Dunko, Greg}, year={2019}, month={Jun} }
 @article{avr_tanvir_rouphail_gupta_2019, title={Capturing vehicular space headway using low-cost LIDAR and processing through ARIMA prediction modeling}, url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11648}, DOI={10.48550/ARXIV.1907.11648}, abstractNote={The paper proposes a low-cost system to capture spatial vehicle headway data and process the raw data by filtering outliers using a novel filtering process. Multiple sensors and modules are integrated to form the system. The sensors used are compact, lightweight, low-cost and have low power consumption. A single beam 1-Dimensional Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) was used for capturing the space headway data, a Global Positioning System (GPS) to map each data point with a timestamp and position and also a camera to capture video data with an overlay of date, time, distance and speed in real-time. The filtering technique utilizes the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) prediction modeling and mean-filtering. The data captured is stored in a Raspberry Pi module. The data is later processed by using the filtering technique to obtain the least outliers. The overall system has enabled to capture spatial headway data and speed of the vehicle at a very low cost and the data obtained can be used for car-following model analysis and speed-density analysis.}, publisher={arXiv}, author={Avr, Azhagan and Tanvir, Shams and Rouphail, Nagui M. and Gupta, Rachana}, year={2019} }
 @inproceedings{high altitude infrasound measurements using balloon-borne arrays_2015, url={https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.S54B..06B/abstract}, booktitle={American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2015}, year={2015}, month={Dec} }
 @inproceedings{gonzales_walker_keller_beckman_goodell_wright_rhone_emery_gupta_2015, title={Textile sensor system for electrocardiogram monitoring}, DOI={10.1109/vcacs.2015.7439568}, abstractNote={Wearable self-powered medical devices have long been a goal of the medical community. The ability to constantly monitor the patient's vital signs for abnormalities, in addition to alerting first responders to immediate problems, would allow for more rapid medical treatment. As the population of the United States ages, low-cost and ubiquitous medical devices will improve the ability of medical personnel to diagnose potential health issues early, thus increasing the survival rate and decreasing the potential complications. Electrocardiograms are a major focus of the medical community due to the prevalence of heart issues among elderly Americans, and as the cost of sensors and wireless communication decreases, new devices are possible. This paper describes a Bluetooth-based, dry electrode electrocardiogram monitoring system seamlessly integrated into a T-shirt. The shirt used three dry silver-based electrodes to collect the ECG signal and streamed the resulting signal to an Android smartphone for analysis.}, booktitle={2015 Virtual Conference on Application of Commercial Sensors}, author={Gonzales, L. and Walker, K. and Keller, K. and Beckman, D. and Goodell, H. and Wright, G. and Rhone, C. and Emery, A. and Gupta, Rachana}, year={2015} }
 @inbook{gupta_snyder_2011, title={Detection of Multiple Preceding Cars in Busy Traffic Using Taillights}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21596-4_34}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-642-21596-4_34}, abstractNote={This paper presents an improved method for detecting and segmenting taillight pairs of multiple preceding cars in busy traffic in day as well as night. Novelties and advantages of this method are that it is designed to detect multiple car simultaneously, it does not require knowledge of lanes, it works in busy traffic in daylight as well as night, and it is fast irrespective of number of preceding vehicles in the scene, and therefore suitable for real-time applications. The time to process the scene is independent of the size of the vehicle in pixels, and the number of preceding cars detected. One of the previous night taillight detection methods in literature is modified to detect taillight pairs in the scene for both day and night conditions. This paper further introduces a novel hypothesis verification method based on the mathematical relationship between the vehicle distance from the vanishing point and the location of and distance between its taillights. This method enables the detection of multiple preceding vehicles in multiple lanes in a busy traffic environment in real-time. The results are compared with state-of-the-art algorithms for preceding vehicle detection performance, time and ease of implementation.}, booktitle={Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author={Gupta, Rachana A. and Snyder, Wesley E.}, year={2011}, pages={338–347} }
 @article{gupta_snyder_pitts_2010, title={Concurrent visual multiple lane detection for autonomous vehicles}, ISSN={["2577-087X"]}, DOI={10.1109/robot.2010.5509389}, abstractNote={This paper proposes a monocular vision solution to simultaneous detection of multiple lanes in navigable regions / urban roads using accumulator voting. Unlike other approaches in literature, this paper first examines the extent of lane parameters required for continuous control of any vehicle manually or autonomously. The accumulator-based algorithm is designed using this fundamental control knowledge to vote for the required lane parameters (position of lanes and steering angle required) in the image plane. The novel accumulator voting scheme is called “Parametric Transform for Multi-lane Detection.” This paper not only adapts predictive control in the image plane, but also detects multiple lanes in the scene concurrently in the form of multiple peaks in the accumulator. This method is robust to shadows and invariant to color, texture, and width of the road. Finally, the method is designed for dashed/continuous lines.}, journal={2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA)}, author={Gupta, Rachana Ashok and Snyder, Wesley and Pitts, W. Shepherd}, year={2010}, pages={2416–2422} }
 @article{gupta_snyder_pitts_2010, title={Investigating Control of Vision Based Autonomous Navigation in the Image Plane}, volume={3}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-2005}, DOI={10.4271/2010-01-2005}, number={1}, journal={SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles}, publisher={SAE International}, author={Gupta, Rachana Ashok and Snyder, Wesley and Pitts, W Shepherd}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={250–258} }
 @article{gupta_masoud_chow_2010, title={A Delay-Tolerant Potential-Field-Based Network Implementation of an Integrated Navigation System}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1557-9948"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2026764}, DOI={10.1109/tie.2009.2026764}, abstractNote={Network controllers (NCs) are devices that are capable of converting dynamic, spatially extended, and functionally specialized modules into a taskable goal-oriented group called networked control system. This paper examines the practical aspects of designing and building an NC that uses the Internet as a communication medium. It focuses on finding compatible controller components that can be integrated via a host structure in a manner that makes it possible to network, in real-time, a webcam, an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), and a remote computer server along with the necessary operator software interface. The aim is to deskill the UGV navigation process and yet maintain a robust performance. The structure of the suggested controller, its components, and the manner in which they are interfaced are described. Thorough experimental results along with performance assessment and comparisons to a previously implemented NC are provided.}, number={2}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS}, publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, author={Gupta, Rachana Ashok and Masoud, Ahmad A. and Chow, Mo-Yuen}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={769–783} }
 @article{gupta_chow_2010, title={Networked Control System: Overview and Research Trends}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1557-9948"]}, DOI={10.1109/tie.2009.2035462}, abstractNote={Networked control systems (NCSs) have been one of the main research focuses in academia as well as in industry for many decades and have become a multidisciplinary area. With these growing research trends, it is important to consolidate the latest knowledge and information to keep up with the research needs. In this paper, the NCS and its different forms are introduced and discussed. The beginning of this paper discusses the history and evolution of NCSs. The next part of this paper focuses on different fields and research arenas such as networking technology, network delay, network resource allocation, scheduling, network security in real-time NCSs, integration of components on a network, fault tolerance, etc. A brief literature survey and possible future direction concerning each topic is included.}, number={7}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS}, author={Gupta, Rachana Ashok and Chow, Mo-Yuen}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={2527–2535} }
 @inbook{wang_liu_2008, title={Overview of Time Sensitive Network Control Systems}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-215-9}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-84800-215-9}, abstractNote={Networked control systems (NCS) confer advantages of cost reduction, system diagnosis and flexibility, minimizing wiring and simplifying the addition and replacement of individual elements; efficient}, booktitle={Networked Control Systems: Theory and Application}, publisher={Springer London}, year={2008} }
 @inproceedings{gupta_chow_2008, title={Performance assessment and compensation for secure networked control systems}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2008.4758425}, DOI={10.1109/iecon.2008.4758425}, abstractNote={Network-control-systems (NCS) have been gaining popularity due to their high potential in widespread applications and becoming realizable due to the rapid advancements in embedded systems, wireless communication technologies. This paper addresses the issue of NCS information security as well its time-sensitive performance and their trade-off. A PI controller implemented on a network to control the speed of the DC motor is used to illustrate the performance assessment for secure networked control systems. Network security algorithms DES, 3DES, and AES are integrated with the application to secure the sensor as well as control data flow on the network. Standard 2k factorial experiment design is used to study and estimate the effect of each security algorithm. A 1-D gain scheduler is then designed to compensate for the adverse effect due to security. Thorough experimental results, system factors including network security and system gain affecting the performance are evaluated, analyzed, and categorized.}, booktitle={2008 34th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Gupta, R.A. and Chow, Mo-Yuen}, year={2008}, month={Nov} }
 @article{gupta_agarwal_chow_wang_2007, title={Characterization of data-sensitive wireless distributed networked-control-systems}, DOI={10.1109/aim.2007.4412569}, abstractNote={Distributed networked-controlled-systems (NCS) are a multidisciplinary effort whose aim is to produce a network structure and components that are capable of integrating sensors, actuators, communication, and control algorithms in a manner to suit real-time applications. They have been very popular and widely applied for many years now due to the rapid advancements in data and communication wireless technologies. There are many challenges to be overcome in order to put such a heterogeneous system together. Key issues to be considered are network delay, data sensitivity and information security. This paper characterizes a wireless distributed NCS, a testbed called iSpace based on these key factors. We integrated static network security algorithms DES and 3DES with the NCS testbed iSpace - a multidisciplinary network based robot navigation system - and characterized it on the basis of bandwidth requirement, data classification and data sensitivity, network delay effect on the system performance. The paper demonstrates through results that a dynamic optimization is required between network security for reliability and time-sensitivity of the NCS. Future work in dynamic optimization in security is suggested.}, journal={2007 IEEE/ASME international conference on advanced intelligent mechatronics}, author={Gupta, Rachana Ashok and Agarwal, Avesh Kumar and Chow, Mo-Yuen and Wang, Wenye}, year={2007} }
 @inproceedings{gupta_chow_agarwal_wang_2007, title={Information security with real-time operation: performance assessment for next generation wireless distributed networked-control-systems}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2007.4460391}, DOI={10.1109/iecon.2007.4460391}, abstractNote={Distributed network-control-systems (D-NCS) are a multidisciplinary effort whose aim is to produce a network structure and components that are capable of integrating sensors, actuators, communication, and control algorithms in a manner to suit real-time applications. They have been gaining popularity due to their high potential in widespread applications and becoming more realizable due to the rapid advancements in wireless communication and data transfer technologies. This paper addresses the issue of D-NCS information security as well its real-time performance with respect to network security protocols and encryption schemes. We use a wireless network based, robot navigation path tracking system called intelligent space (iSpace) as a D-NCS test bed in this paper. The paper classifies the data from every NCS module (sensors, actuators and controllers) according to bandwidth requirement, time and information sensitivity. We define performance parameters for this NCS test bed. Various system factors affecting these performance parameters are recognized. Network security algorithms DES and 3DES are integrated with the application to encrypt the sensitive information flow. These wireless security features are considered as an added factor to the NCS. Standard statistical approach (2k factorial experiment design) is used to study and estimate the effect of each factor on the system performance especially security additions. Thorough experimental results, tables of detailed characterization and effect estimate analysis is presented followed by the discussion on the performance comparison of NCS with and without wireless security.}, booktitle={IECON 2007 - 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Gupta, Rachana A and Chow, Mo-Yuen and Agarwal, Avesh Kumar and Wang, Wenye}, year={2007} }
 @inproceedings{gupta_masoud_chow_2006, title={A Network based, Delay-tolerant, Integrated Navigation System for a differential drive UGV using Harmonic Potential Field}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2006.377203}, DOI={10.1109/cdc.2006.377203}, abstractNote={Network based integrated navigation systems are a multidisciplinary effort whose aim is to produce a network structure and components that are capable of integrating sensors, actuators, communication, and control algorithms in a manner to suit real-time navigation and/or obstacle avoidance. There are many challenges to be overcome in order to put such a distributed and heterogeneous system together. This paper deals with some of these issues, i.e. the adverse effect of processing delays on the system and efficient integration of different modules. This paper describes a delay-resistant sensory-motor module for navigating a differential drive unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) in an indoor cluttered environment. The module consists of an early vision edge detection stage, a harmonic potential field (HPF) planner; a network based quadratic curve fitting controller and gain schedule middleware, (GSM). Though the different techniques and algorithms used to implement the navigation system have been previously well-studied algorithms, the novel contribution in this paper is the way all these different modules are integrated together for the first time to create an efficient structure for a network based integrated navigation system making it easy to implement and realize for many different applications. The structure of this module and its components are described. Thorough experimental results along with performance assessment comparing to the previous implementation are also provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the new integrated navigation structure}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Gupta, Rachana Ashok and Masoud, Ahmad A and Chow, Mo-Yuen}, year={2006} }