@article{reinert_eason_2000, title={Genetic control of O-3 sensitivity in a cross between two cultivars of snap bean}, volume={125}, ISSN={["0003-1062"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.125.2.222}, abstractNote={Identification of genetic control of ozone (O3) sensitivity is desirable for selection of plant cultivars which are indicators of O3 stress. A cross was made between two cultivars of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), `Oregon 91' (P1) and `Wade Bush' (P2), an O3-sensitive and O3-insensitive cultivar, respectively. Ten genetic populations (generations), `Oregon 91' (P1), `Wade Bush' (P2), F1, F2, backcrosses to both parents, and all reciprocal crosses, were field planted in each of two summers and evaluated for injury to O3. Ozone responses for the reciprocal crosses were not significantly different for any generation, so injury ratings from the reciprocal crosses were combined for each generation to provide six populations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2) for analysis. When components of genetic variation were estimated from the six generations, additive genetic variance was the most important component in the total genetic variance available, although dominance variance was also a significant component. There was an inconsistency in the magnitude and the direction of the factors contributing to the dominance effects and also a large environmental component making up the phenotypic variance. Estimates of broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability were 60% and 44%, respectively. Results suggest that O3-sensitive and O3-insensitive selections could be screened and evaluated in an ambient O3 environment. Several generations will be necessary, however, to develop `Bush Blue Lake' type selections that vary only in sensitivity to O3.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Reinert, RA and Eason, G}, year={2000}, month={Mar}, pages={222–227} }
 @article{gimeno_bermejo_reinert_zheng_barnes_1999, title={Adverse effects of ambient ozone on watermelon yield and physiology at a rural site in Eastern Spain}, volume={144}, ISSN={["1469-8137"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00509.x}, abstractNote={The study reported was conducted to establish the impacts of photochemical oxidants (primarily ambient ozone, O3) on the yield of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) at a site on the east coast of Spain. Fruit yield and quality were monitored in plots established in a commercial watermelon field exposed, in open‐top chambers (OTCs), to non‐filtered air (NFA; near‐ambient levels of ozone) or charcoal‐filtered air (decreased levels of photochemical oxidants including O3; CFA), or to ambient air (AA), during the 1988 and 1989 growing seasons. Ambient levels of O3 were found to exceed present UN‐ECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe; Convention on Long‐Range Transboundary Air Pollution) critical level guidelines for the protection of crop yield by approx. twofold in 1988 and by approx. fivefold in 1989. Plants exposed to NFA and AA developed visible O3 injury on the upper surface of sun‐exposed older leaves, and fruit yield (annual marketable fruit weight and number) was found to be depressed in OTCs ventilated with NFA in comparison with those receiving CFA. Consistent with inter‐annual variations in O3 exposure, greater yield losses were experienced in 1989 (39%) than in 1988 (19%), an effect mediated predominantly by a decline in fruit number rather than average fruit weight. Exposure to ambient levels of ozone also slightly decreased fruit quality (4–8% decline in soluble solids content). Leaf gas exchange measurements made in the field in 1988 revealed effects of O3 on fruit yield and quality to be associated with a decline in the net CO2 assimilation rate per unit leaf area under light saturation (Asat) and stomatal conductance to water vapour (gs), and enhanced rates of dark respiration. A/ci curves (where A is the net CO2 assimilation rate per unit leaf area and ci is the mole fraction of CO2 in the leaf intercellular air space) constructed for plants grown in laboratory‐based closed chambers, and exposed to an accumulated O3 exposure similar to that experienced by plants in the field, suggested that the likely cause of the decline in photosynthetic capacity was (1) a decrease in the amount and/or activity of Rubisco and (2) an impaired capacity for regeneration of ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate, which was not mediated through changes in the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm, where Fv is variable chlorophyll a fluorescence and Fm is maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence). No shift in the relative stomatal limitation to photosynthesis was observed under the influence of O3, suggesting that the decline in gs induced by the pollutant in both field and laboratory was the result, and not the cause, of the decrease in Asat. Ozone exposure also caused a decrease in C isotope discrimination (approx. 0.5‰), a shift that revealed a departure from predicted theory based on supporting leaf gas exchange measurements. The study demonstrates that ambient levels of photochemical oxidants on the Spanish Mediterranean coast are high enough to adversely influence the yield and physiology of an economically important crop grown in the region, and the magnitude of the effects was greater than would be predicted from exposure–yield‐loss relationships for grain and fodder crops in central and northern Europe. Implications for the derivation of UN‐ECE ozone standards are discussed, along with the mechanistic basis of the observed yield decreases.}, number={2}, journal={NEW PHYTOLOGIST}, author={Gimeno, BS and Bermejo, V and Reinert, RA and Zheng, YB and Barnes, JD}, year={1999}, month={Nov}, pages={245–260} }
 @article{reinert_eason_barton_1997, title={Growth and fruiting of tomato as influenced by elevated carbon dioxide and ozone}, volume={137}, ISSN={["0028-646X"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00846.x}, abstractNote={summary}, number={3}, journal={NEW PHYTOLOGIST}, author={Reinert, RA and Eason, G and Barton, J}, year={1997}, month={Nov}, pages={411–420} }
 @article{reinert_shafer_eason_schoeneberger_horton_1996, title={Responses of loblolly pine to ozone and simulated acidic rain}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1208-6037"]}, DOI={10.1139/x26-195}, abstractNote={ Acidic rain and ozone (O3) may have serious consequences on the growth and development of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.), a tree species of major economic importance in the southeastern United States. In two independent studies, seedlings of open-pollinated families of loblolly pine were exposed to five concentrations of O3 (0, 80, 160, 240, or 320 nL•L−1) and three simulated rain acidities (pH 5.3, 4.3, or 3.3). Following 23 weeks of growth (12 weeks in charcoal-filtered air and 11 weeks of O3 and simulated acidic rain exposures), stem height, secondary needle dry weight, top and total seedling dry weight, and root/shoot dry weight ratio all were related negatively and linearly with O3 concentration. Stem diameter and root dry weight were also suppressed by O3. Suppression of the growth parameters ranged from 14 to 35% for the greatest O3 concentration. Acidity of simulated rain did not affect seedlings, nor did it affect seedling responses to O3. Results indicate that acid rain probably has little effect on growth of loblolly pine seedlings, but O3 can suppress growth to varying degrees depending on family. }, number={10}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH}, author={Reinert, RA and Shafer, SR and Eason, G and Schoeneberger, MM and Horton, SJ}, year={1996}, month={Oct}, pages={1715–1723} }
 @article{reinert_ho_1995, title={VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF SOYBEAN AS AFFECTED BY ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE AND OZONE}, volume={89}, ISSN={["0269-7491"]}, DOI={10.1016/0269-7491(94)00039-G}, abstractNote={The effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (03) on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Centennial) growth and biomass partitioning were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Soybeans were exposed to CO2 concentrations at 350 (ambient), 450, 550, and 650 μl liter1 (ppm) for 24 h day−1 for 5 weeks. Ozone treatments of 0 and 120 nl liter−1 (ppb) for 6 h day−1 for 5 days week−1 for 5 weeks were added in combination with the CO2 treatments. Plant dry weight and biomass partitioning were assessed each week. Dry weight of leaf, stem, and root, as well as the total plant dry weight increased with exposure to increasing levels of CO2. Dry weight of leaf, root and total plant were suppressed significantly by the 03 treatment. Stem dry weight was not affected by O3. Suppression of root dry weight due to 03 at each weekly harvest was significantly dependent on the CO2 concentration. Root growth was enhanced by CO2 at 650 μl liter−1 compared with ambient CO2 (350 μl liter−1) at 5 weeks of age. At ambient CO2 in the presence of 03 the roots were only about 63% of the weight of the root grown in the absence of O3. At 550 and 650 μl liter−1 CO2 the biomass of soybean roots in the presence of 120 nl liter−1 O3 was 88·2 and 88·4% of the control, respectively. Thus, CO2 limited the amount of root growth suppression caused by 03. The partitioning of leaf, stem, and root dry weight in relation to total plant dry weight remained relatively constant across each CO2 concentration. Thus, CO2 did not affect biomass partitioning among leaves, stems and roots of soybean.}, number={1}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION}, author={REINERT, RA and HO, MC}, year={1995}, pages={89–96} }
 @article{meier_grand_schoeneberger_reinert_bruck_1990, title={GROWTH, ECTOMYCORRHIZAE AND NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES OF LOBLOLLY-PINE SEEDLINGS EXPOSED TO OZONE AND SOIL-WATER DEFICIT}, volume={64}, ISSN={["1873-6424"]}, DOI={10.1016/0269-7491(90)90092-Q}, abstractNote={Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) seedlings from three full-sib families were exposed to 0, 50, 100 or 150 ppb ozone (O3) (5 h/d, 5 d/week for 6 or 12 weeks). Soil water potential was maintained near pot capacity (−0.03 MPa) or soil was allowed to dry to approximately −1.0 MPa and resaturated. Chlorotic mottling and flecking of needles due to O3 injury were observed for seedlings from all pine families. Soil water deficit lessened the intensity of O3 symptoms, possibly due to stomatal closure. Exposure to O3 and soil water deficit each resulted in less seedling volume growth and dry weight, and changed the nonstructural carbohydrate content of seedlings compared with controls. Increasing O3 concentrations resulted in a linear reduction in foliar starch content but did and affect hexose or sucrose content. Soil water deficit resulted in less starch and soluble sugar contents in above- and below-ground plant parts compared with controls. Soil water deficit did not affect numbers or percentages of roots that formed ectomycorrhizal tips. A linear dose-response relationship between O3 and ectomycorrhizae was observed. The number of ectomycorrhizal tips/cm long root and the percentage of feeder roots that formed ectomycorrhizae were lower as O3 concentration increased. Overall, each stress alone caused less seedling growth and carbohydrate content compared with controls, but only O3 was responsible for suppression of ectomycorrhizae.}, number={1}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION}, author={MEIER, S and GRAND, LF and SCHOENEBERGER, MM and REINERT, RA and BRUCK, RI}, year={1990}, pages={11–27} }
 @article{reinert_shriner_rawlings_1982, title={RESPONSES OF RADISH TO ALL COMBINATIONS OF 3 CONCENTRATIONS OF NITROGEN-DIOXIDE, SULFUR-DIOXIDE, AND OZONE}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1537-2537"]}, DOI={10.2134/jeq1982.00472425001100010014x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY}, author={REINERT, RA and SHRINER, DS and RAWLINGS, JO}, year={1982}, pages={52–57} }
 @article{reinert_henderson_1980, title={Foliar injury and growth of tomato cultivars as influenced by ozone dose and plant age}, volume={105}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Reinert, R. A. and Henderson, W. R.}, year={1980}, pages={322} }
 @article{reinert_nelson_1980, title={Sensitivity and growth of five Elatior begonia cultivars to SO2 and O3, alone and in combination}, volume={105}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Reinert, R. A. and Nelson, P. V.}, year={1980}, pages={721} }
 @article{reinert_tingey_carter_1972, title={Sensitivity of tomato cultivars to ozone}, volume={97}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Reinert, R. A. and Tingey, D. T. and Carter, H. B.}, year={1972}, pages={149} }