@article{li_zhi_weed_broome_knappe_duckworth_2024, title={Commercial compost amendments inhibit the bioavailability and plant uptake of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in soil-porewater-lettuce systems}, volume={186}, ISSN={["1873-6750"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.envint.2024.108615}, abstractNote={Compost is widely used in agriculture as fertilizer while providing a practical option for solid municipal waste disposal. However, compost may also contain eight per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), potentially impacting soils and leading to PFAS entry into food chains and ultimately human exposure risks via dietary intake. This study examined how compost affects the bioavailability and uptake of eight PFAS (two ethers, three fluorotelomer sulfonates, and three perfluorosulfonates) by lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown in commercial organic compost-amended, PFAS spiked soils. After 50 days of greenhouse experiment, PFAS uptake by lettuce decreased (by up to 90.5 %) with the increasing compost amendment ratios (0–20 %, w/w), consistent with their decreased porewater concentrations (by 30.7–86.3 %) in compost-amended soils. Decreased bioavailability of PFAS was evidenced by the increased in-situ soil-porewater distribution coefficients (Kd) (by factors of 1.5–7.0) with increasing compost additions. Significant negative (or positive) correlations (R2 ≥ 0.55) were observed between plant bioaccumulation (or soil-porewater distribution coefficient) and soil organic carbon content, suggesting that compost amendment inhibited plant uptake of PFAS mainly by increasing soil organic carbon and enhancing PFAS sorption. However, short-chain PFAS alternatives (i.e., Perfluoro-2-methoxyacetic acid (PFMOAA)) were effectively translocated to shoots with translocation factors > 2.9, increasing their risks of contamination in leafy vegetables. Our findings underscore the necessity for comprehensive risk assessment of compost-borne PFAS when using commercial compost products in agricultural lands.}, journal={ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL}, author={Li, Yuanbo and Zhi, Yue and Weed, Rebecca and Broome, Stephen W. and Knappe, Detlef R. U. and Duckworth, Owen W.}, year={2024}, month={Apr} }
 @article{kotlarz_mccord_wiecha_weed_cuffney_enders_strynar_knappe_reich_hoppin_2024, title={Measurement of Hydro-EVE and 6:2 FTS in Blood from Wilmington, North Carolina, Residents, 2017-2018}, volume={132}, ISSN={["1552-9924"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14503}, DOI={10.1289/EHP14503}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES}, author={Kotlarz, Nadine and McCord, James and Wiecha, Nate and Weed, Rebecca A. and Cuffney, Michael and Enders, Jeffrey R. and Strynar, Mark and Knappe, Detlef R. U. and Reich, Brian J. and Hoppin, Jane A.}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{weed_campbell_brown_may_sargent_sutton_burdette_rider_baker_enders_2024, title={Non-Targeted PFAS Suspect Screening and Quantification of Drinking Water Samples Collected through Community Engaged Research in North Carolina's Cape Fear River Basin}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2305-6304"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12060403}, DOI={10.3390/toxics12060403}, abstractNote={A community engaged research (CER) approach was used to provide an exposure assessment of poly- and perfluorinated (PFAS) compounds in North Carolina residential drinking water. Working in concert with community partners, who acted as liaisons to local residents, samples were collected by North Carolina residents from three different locations along the Cape Fear River basin: upper, middle, and lower areas of the river. Residents collected either drinking water samples from their homes or recreational water samples from near their residence that were then submitted by the community partners for PFAS analysis. All samples were processed using weak anion exchange (WAX) solid phase extraction and analyzed using a non-targeted suspect screening approach as well as a quantitative approach that included a panel of 45 PFAS analytes, several of which are specific to chemical industries near the collection site locations. The non-targeted approach, which utilized a suspect screening list (obtained from EPA CompTox database) identified several PFAS compounds at a level two confidence rating (Schymanski scale); compounds identified included a fluorinated insecticide, a fluorinated herbicide, a PFAS used in polymer chemistry, and another that is used in battery production. Notably, at several locations, PFOA (39.8 ng/L) and PFOS (205.3 ng/L) were at levels that exceeded the mandatory EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 4 ng/L. Additionally, several sites had detectable levels of PFAS that are unique to a local chemical manufacturer. These findings were communicated back to the community partners who then disseminated this information to the local residents to help empower and aid in making decisions for reducing their PFAS exposure.}, number={6}, journal={TOXICS}, author={Weed, Rebecca A. and Campbell, Grace and Brown, Lacey and May, Katlyn and Sargent, Dana and Sutton, Emily and Burdette, Kemp and Rider, Wayne and Baker, Erin S. and Enders, Jeffrey R.}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{kotlarz_mccord_wiecha_weed_cuffney_enders_strynar_knappe_reich_hoppin_2024, title={Reanalysis of PFO5DoA Levels in Blood from Wilmington, North Carolina, Residents, 2017-2018}, volume={132}, ISSN={["1552-9924"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13339}, DOI={10.1289/EHP13339}, abstractNote={,}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES}, author={Kotlarz, Nadine and McCord, James and Wiecha, Nate and Weed, Rebecca A. and Cuffney, Michael and Enders, Jeffrey R. and Strynar, Mark and Knappe, Detlef R. U. and Reich, Brian J. and Hoppin, Jane A.}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{enders_weed_griffith_muddiman_2022, title={Development and validation of a high resolving power absolute quantitative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances method incorporating Skyline data processing}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1097-0231"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9295}, DOI={10.1002/rcm.9295}, abstractNote={RationaleThe ability to perform absolute quantitation and non‐targeted analysis on a single mass spectrometry instrument would be advantageous to many researchers studying per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). High‐resolution accurate mass (HRAM) instrumentation (typically deployed for non‐targeted work) carries several advantages over traditional triple quadrupole workflows when performing absolute quantitation. Processing this data using a vendor‐neutral software would promote collaboration for these environmental studies.MethodsLC‐MS (Orbitrap Exploris 240) was used for absolute quantitation of 45 PFAS using precursor (MS1) peak areas for quantitation, whereas isotope pattern matching and fragmentation (MS2) pattern matching were used for qualitative identification. In addition, a fluorinated chromatographic column achieved superior separation compared to the typical C18 columns typically used in PFAS analyses. This method was validated across eight different chemical classes using recommended guidelines found in EPA Method 537.1 and Skyline data processing software.ResultsThe validated limits of all 45 compounds, as well as metrics or accuracy and reproducibility, are reported. Most compounds achieved limits of quantitation in the range of 2‐50 ng/L. Four newly released Chemours‐specific compounds (PEPA, PFO3OA, PFO4DA, and PFO5DoA) were also validated. Aspects of data analysis specific to high resolving power absolute quantitation are reviewed as are the details of processing these data via Skyline.ConclusionsThis method shows the feasibility of performing reproducible absolute quantitation of PFAS on an HRAM platform and does so using an open‐source vendor‐neutral data processing software to facilitate sharing of data across labs and institutions.}, number={11}, journal={RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY}, author={Enders, Jeffrey R. and Weed, Rebecca A. and Griffith, Emily H. and Muddiman, David C.}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @article{weed_boatman_enders_2022, title={Recovery of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances after solvent evaporation}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2050-7895"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00269H}, DOI={10.1039/d2em00269h}, abstractNote={Presented data shows that vacuum evaporative concentration of PFAS standards can cause class-specific loss of material that can be mitigated via recovery steps.}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS}, author={Weed, Rebecca A. and Boatman, Anna K. and Enders, Jeffrey R.}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }