@article{balakshin_capanema_santos_chang_jameel_2016, title={Structural analysis of hardwood native lignins by quantitative C-13 NMR spectroscopy}, volume={70}, ISSN={["1437-434X"]}, DOI={10.1515/hf-2014-0328}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={HOLZFORSCHUNG}, author={Balakshin, Mikhail Yu and Capanema, Ewellyn A. and Santos, Ricardo B. and Chang, Hou-min and Jameel, Hasan}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={95–108} }
 @article{silva_gomide_santos_2012, title={Evaluation of chemical composition and lignin structural features of simarouba versicolor wood on its pulping performance}, volume={7}, number={3}, journal={BioResources}, author={Silva, T. C. F. and Gomide, J. L. and Santos, R. B.}, year={2012}, pages={3910–3920} }
 @article{santos_treasure_gonzalez_phillips_lee_jameel_chang_2012, title={Impact of hardwood species on production cost of second generation ethanol}, volume={117}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84861134453&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.083}, abstractNote={The present work targeted the understanding of the influence of nine different hardwood species as feedstock on ethanol production yield and costs. It was found that the minimum ethanol revenue (MER) ($ per gallon to the producer) to achieve a 12% internal rate of return (IRR) on invested capital was smaller for low lignin content samples and the influence of species characteristics remained restricted to high residual lignin content. We show that if the pretreatment being applied to the feedstock targets or is limited to low lignin removal, one can expect the species to have a significant impact on overall economics, playing important role to project success. This study also showed a variation of up to 40% in relative MER among hardwood species, where maple, globulus and sweet gum varied the least. Sensitivity analysis showed ethanol yield per ton of feedstock had the largest influence in MER, followed by CAPEX.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Santos, Ricardo B. and Treasure, Trevor and Gonzalez, Ronalds and Phillips, Richard and Lee, Jung Myoung and Jameel, Hasan and Chang, Hou-min}, year={2012}, month={Aug}, pages={193–200} }
 @article{santos_jameel_chang_harts_2012, title={Kinetics of Hardwood Carbohydrate Degradation during Kraft Pulp Cooking}, volume={51}, ISSN={["0888-5885"]}, DOI={10.1021/ie301071n}, abstractNote={Most of the studies on hardwood carbohydrate degradation focus upon the understanding of carbohydrate behavior of a single wood species. These studies tend to determine the activation energies associated with the three different cooking phases and for the different reactions that participate in carbohydrate degradation. In the current study, a variety of hardwood species were comprehensively characterized and the kinetics of carbohydrate degradation was studied. The kinetics of glucan, xylan, and total carbohydrate dissolution during the bulk phase of the kraft pulping process were investigated. A wide range of carbohydrate dissolution rates was obtained and correlated to chemical features and delignification rates for nine different hardwood species. It was determined that carbohydrate dissolution was dependent upon the rate of delignification. Species with high carbohydrate dissolution also presented high lignin removal rates. Our results indicate that the presence of lignin carbohydrate complexes positively influences pulping process selectivity during the bulk reaction phase.}, number={38}, journal={INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH}, author={Santos, Ricardo B. and Jameel, Hasan and Chang, Hou-min and Harts, Peter W.}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={12192–12198} }
 @article{santos_capanema_balakshin_chang_jameel_2012, title={Lignin Structural Variation in Hardwood Species}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, DOI={10.1021/jf301276a}, abstractNote={A comprehensive lignin structure analysis of ten industrially relevant hardwood species is presented. Milled wood lignin (MWL) was isolated from each species using a modified protocol and all milled wood lignin preparations were analyzed through quantitative (13)C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, methoxyl analysis, sugar analysis, and nitrobenzene oxidation. Nitrobenzene oxidation and ozonation were carried out on extractive-free wood, alkali-extracted wood, milled wood lignin, and alkali-extracted lignin. Milled wood lignin isolated by the modified protocol was found to be representative of the total lignin in alkali-extracted wood. Significant variations in lignin structures, such as syringylpropane/guaiacylpropane ratio (S/G ratio), arylglycerol-β-aryl ether (β-O-4), degree of condensation, and elemental and methoxyl contents, were found among the hardwood species studied. These structural variations among species appear to be correlated to a single factor, the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio. A new method to predict the S/G ratio of total lignin in wood was developed, using a calibration line established by the syringaldehyde/vanillin (S/V) ratio (nitrobenzene oxidation) and the S/G ratio ((13)C NMR) of milled wood lignin (MWL).}, number={19}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Santos, Ricardo B. and Capanema, Ewellyn A. and Balakshin, Mikhail Yu and Chang, Hou-min and Jameel, Hasan}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={4923–4930} }
 @misc{santos_capanema_balakshin_chang_jameel_2011, title={Effect of hardwoods characteristics on kraft pulping process: Emphasis on lignin structure}, volume={6}, number={4}, journal={BioResources}, author={Santos, R. B. and Capanema, E. A. and Balakshin, M. Y. and Chang, H. M. and Jameel, H.}, year={2011}, pages={3623–3637} }