Works (187)

Updated: September 22nd, 2024 06:05

2024 article

Continuous sampling of healthy and mastitic quarters of lactating cattle by ultrafiltration after intramammary ceftiofur hydrochloride administration

Mzyk, D. A., Halleran, J. L., Sylvester, H. J., Giles, C. B., Jacob, M. E., Baynes, R. E., & Foster, D. M. (2024, August 12). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Vol. 8.

By: D. Mzyk n, J. Halleran n, H. Sylvester n, C. Giles n, M. Jacob n, R. Baynes n, D. Foster n

author keywords: antimicrobial; dairy cattle; gland cistern; mastitis; pharmacokinetic
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 15, 2024

2024 journal article

Flunixin meglumine tissue residues after intravenous administration in goats

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 10.

By: C. Giles n, F. Ferdous n, J. Halleran n, J. Yeatts n, R. Baynes n & D. Mzyk n

author keywords: flunixin; goat; residues; tolerance limit method; withdrawal interval; withdrawal time
TL;DR: Since any detection of flunixin residues at slaughter found in goat tissues is considered a violative residue, a conservative withdrawal interval of 17 days was calculated to ensure levels of flunixin fell below the regulatory limits of detection in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 12, 2024

2024 journal article

Impact of florfenicol dosing regimen on the phenotypic and genotypic resistance of enteric bacteria in steers

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 14(1).

By: J. Halleran n, H. Sylvester n, M. Jacob n, B. Callahan n, R. Baynes n & D. Foster n

Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: April 8, 2024

2024 journal article

Percutaneous Absorption of Fireground Contaminants: Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, and Benzo[a]pyrene in Porcine Skin in an Artificial Sweat Vehicle

TOXICS, 12(8).

By: C. Probert n, E. Nixon n, R. Ormond n & R. Baynes n

author keywords: dermal absorption; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; benzo[a]pyrene; porcine skin; fireground contaminants; firefighter
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 15, 2024

2024 article

Pharmacokinetics of intranasal and intramuscular flunixin in healthy grower pigs

Wiloch, E. E., Enomoto, H., Smith, L., Baynes, R. E., & Messenger, K. M. (2024, January 11). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, Vol. 1.

By: E. Wiloch n, H. Enomoto n, L. Smith n, R. Baynes n & K. Messenger n

author keywords: analgesia; flunixin; intranasal; pharmacokinetics; swine
TL;DR: Intranasal flunixin has similar, although variable, pharmacokinetic parameters to the intramuscular route, making it a viable route of administration for use in grower swine, according to this study. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: January 16, 2024

2024 journal article

Pharmacokinetics of intravenously and trans-dermally administered fluralaner in healthy laying shaver hens: fluralaner in chickens

POULTRY SCIENCE, 103(3).

By: B. Elliot n, H. Enomoto n, O. Petritz n, R. Crespo n, J. Yeatts n, I. Fricke n, A. Singleton n, A. Thomson n, R. Baynes n

author keywords: fluralaner; LC/MS; plasma; white shaver hen; pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: Investigation of the plasma fluralaner pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous and transdermal routes and apparent bioavailability of fluralaner administered trans-dermally in healthy shaver hens found it important to understand the pharmacokinetic profile could be useful in determining the appropriate treatment strategy. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 25, 2024

2024 journal article

Residue, distribution and depletion of fluralaner in egg following a single intravenous and transdermal administration in healthy shaver hens: fluralaner residue in egg

POULTRY SCIENCE, 103(7).

By: H. Enomoto n, B. Elliot n, O. Petritz n, R. Crespo n, J. Yeatts n, F. Sheela n, I. Fricke n, A. Singleton n, A. Thomson n, R. Baynes n

author keywords: fluralaner; egg; residue; UPLC/MS/MS; drug withdrawal interval
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: June 1, 2024

2023 journal article

Development and application of an interactive generic physiologically based pharmacokinetic (igPBPK) model for adult beef cattle and lactating dairy cows to estimate tissue distribution and edible tissue and milk withdrawal intervals for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 181.

author keywords: Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS); Chemical residue; Interactive generic physiologically based pharmacokinetic (igPBPK) modeling; Withdrawal interval; Food safety; Risk assessment
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: November 20, 2023

2023 journal article

Development of machine learning algorithms to estimate maximum residue limits for veterinary medicines

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 179.

author keywords: Unestablished MRL; Veterinary drugs; Machine learning; International market and trade; Published commodity (animal organ); Data resampling techniques
TL;DR: This study demonstrates unestablished MRLs can be reliably predicted for under-represented food commodity groups using machine learning (ML) and provides the first study to apply ML algorithms in regulatory food animal medicine. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: September 25, 2023

2023 journal article

Milk residues following multiple doses of meloxicam and gabapentin in lactating dairy cattle

JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 261(12), 1873–1879.

By: D. Mzyk n, C. Giles n, R. Baynes n & G. Smith n

author keywords: meloxicam; gabapentin; lactation; postpartum; dairy cattle
TL;DR: Results of this study suggest that milk from cows treated with multiple doses of meloxicam alone or in combination with gabapentin will have low drug concentrations and falls below the reported limit of detection formeloxicam or gABapentin 120 and 60 hours respectively, following the final dose regardless of their stage of lactation. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: February 1, 2024

2023 journal article

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim After Oral Administration of Single and Multiple Doses to Rhode Island Red Chickens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>)

JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY, 37(1), 1–12.

By: O. Petritz n, H. Enomoto n, E. Meyer n, A. Thomson n, R. Baynes n & K. Flammer n

author keywords: pharmacokinetics; sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; safety; avian; chicken; Gallus gallus domesticus
TL;DR: Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-TMP maintained therapeutic plasma concentrations at or exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoint of Enterobacteriaceae for 72 and 24 hours for TMP and SMZ, respectively, without evidence of adverse effects or drug accumulation. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: October 30, 2023

2023 journal article

Pharmacokinetics of fluralaner as a systemic drug to control infestations of the common bed bug, <i>Cimex lectularius</i>, in poultry facilities

PARASITES & VECTORS, 16(1).

By: M. Gonzalez-Morales n, A. Thomson n, J. Yeatts n, H. Enomoto n, A. Haija n, R. Santangelo n, O. Petritz n, R. Crespo n, C. Schal n, R. Baynes n

author keywords: Cimex; Bed bugs; Fluralaner; Pharmacokinetics; Poultry; Ectoparasites
TL;DR: Fluralaner appears to be a promising candidate for bed bug control in poultry farms, with a treatment effect lasting at least 28 days, and quantifiable in the hens’ plasma for at least28 days post-treatment. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: September 22, 2023

2022 journal article

A web-based interactive physiologically based pharmacokinetic (iPBPK) model for meloxicam in broiler chickens and laying hens

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 168.

By: L. Yuan*, W. Chou*, E. Richards*, L. Tell*, R. Baynes n, J. Davis*, J. Riviere n, Z. Lin*

author keywords: Meloxicam; Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD); Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling; Broiler chicken; Laying hen; Food safety
MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Chickens; Eggs; Female; Internet; Meloxicam
TL;DR: The model provides a useful and flexible tool for risk assessment and management of residues for meat and eggs from chickens treated with meloxicam and will serve as a basis for extrapolation to other NSAID drugs and other poultry species to aid animal-derived food safety assessment. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: December 12, 2022

2022 article

An Interactive Generic Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (igPBPK) Modeling Platform to Predict Drug Withdrawal Intervals in Cattle and Swine: A Case Study on Flunixin, Florfenicol, and Penicillin G

Chou, W.-C., Tell, L. A., Baynes, R. E., Davis, J. L., Maunsell, F. P., Riviere, J. E., & Lin, Z. (2022, June 1). TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol. 6.

author keywords: drug residue; Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD); food safety; interactive generic physiologically based pharmacokinetic (igPBPK) model; withdrawal interval (WDI)
MeSH headings : Animals; Cattle; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Drug Residues / analysis; Drugs, Generic; Models, Biological; Penicillin G / pharmacokinetics; Swine; Thiamphenicol / analogs & derivatives
TL;DR: A user-friendly generic PBPK platform that can predict tissue residues and estimate WDIs for multiple drugs including flunixin, florfenicol, and penicillin G in cattle and swine is developed and provides a basis for extrapolating to other drugs and species. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: June 20, 2022

2022 article

Control of ticks on horses using abamectin-impregnated ear tags. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study

Werners, A., Karasek, I., Butler, C., Yeatts, J., Enomoto, H., & Baynes, R. (2022, June 28). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, Vol. 6.

By: A. Werners*, I. Karasek*, C. Butler*, J. Yeatts n, H. Enomoto n & R. Baynes n

author keywords: abamectin; horse; pharmacokinetics; skin; ticks
MeSH headings : Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Ear, External; Horse Diseases / drug therapy; Horse Diseases / prevention & control; Horses; Ivermectin / analogs & derivatives; Tick Infestations / drug therapy; Tick Infestations / prevention & control; Tick Infestations / veterinary; Ticks
TL;DR: A practical and affordable prevention of tick infestation by using abamectin-impregnated cattle ear tags affixed to a safety collar is described and results show that abamECTin distributes across horse skin from the site of application and its associated effectiveness in reducing the tick burden. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: July 5, 2022

2022 article

Mechanisms of toxicity and residue considerations of rodenticide exposure in food Animals-a FARAD perspective

Mercer, M. A., Davis, J. L., Riviere, J. E., Baynes, R. E., Tell, L. A., Jaberi-Douraki, M., … Lin, Z. (2022, March 1). JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Vol. 260, pp. 514–523.

MeSH headings : Animals; Drug Residues; Rodenticides / toxicity
TL;DR: T Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) frequently receives requests for withdrawal interval recommendations following inadvertent exposure of food animals to various environmental contaminants and pesticides such as rodenticides. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 28, 2022

2022 article

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of ketoprofen and flunixin at piglet castration and tail-docking

Nixon, E., Chittenden, J. T., Baynes, R. E., & Messenger, K. M. (2022, July 14). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, Vol. 7.

By: E. Nixon n, J. Chittenden*, R. Baynes n & K. Messenger n

author keywords: NSAID; pain; pharmacodynamics; pharmacokinetics; piglet
MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Dinoprostone; Hydrocortisone; Ketoprofen / pharmacology; Ketoprofen / therapeutic use; Male; Orchiectomy / veterinary; Pain / veterinary; Swine; Tail
TL;DR: Flunixin may be the best NSAID to use in mitigating castration and tail‐docking pain at the current label dose of ketoprofen. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: July 16, 2022

2022 journal article

Update on withdrawal intervals following extralabel use of procaine penicillin G in cattle and swine

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 260(1), 50–55.

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use; Cattle; Drug Residues; Penicillin G Procaine / therapeutic use; Swine
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 7, 2022

2021 journal article

Comparative effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at castration and tail-docking in neonatal piglets

PLOS ONE, 16(11).

By: E. Nixon n, A. Carlson n, P. Routh n, L. Hernandez n, G. Almond n, R. Baynes n, K. Messenger n

Ed(s): J. Loor

MeSH headings : Animal Husbandry / methods; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use; Castration / adverse effects; Castration / methods; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / therapeutic use; Dinoprostone / analysis; Extracellular Fluid / chemistry; Hydrocortisone / blood; Ketoprofen / therapeutic use; Male; Meloxicam / therapeutic use; Pain / drug therapy; Pain / etiology; Pain Management; Swine; Tail
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that management strategies including administration of intramuscular flunixin or ketoprofen to reduce pain associated with processing will likely improve piglet health and welfare in the United States. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (OpenAlex)
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: December 1, 2021

2021 journal article

Comparison of the Intestinal Pharmacokinetics of Two Different Florfenicol Dosing Regimens and Its Impact on the Prevalence and Phenotypic Resistance of E. coli and Enterococcus over Time

MICROORGANISMS, 9(9).

By: J. Halleran n, R. Minch n, H. Slyvester n, M. Jacob n, T. Prange n, R. Baynes n, D. Foster n

author keywords: antimicrobials resistance; cattle; gastrointestinal pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: There was no significant difference noted between dosing groups in proportion or persistence of phenotypically resistant bacterial isolates; however, the percent of resistant isolates was high throughout the study period. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: October 12, 2021

2021 journal article

Development and Application of an interactive Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (iPBPK) Model to Predict Oxytetracycline Tissue Distribution and Withdrawal Intervals in Market-Age Sheep and Goats

Toxicological Sciences, 183(2), 253–268.

author keywords: drug residue; Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD); food safety; interactive physiologically based pharmacokinetic (iPBPK) model; oxytetracycline; withdrawal interval (WDI)
MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Residues / analysis; Goats; Models, Biological; Oxytetracycline; Sheep; Tissue Distribution
TL;DR: This iPBPK model provides a useful tool to estimate WDIs for OTC after extralabel use in small ruminants to ensure food safety and serves as a basis for extrapolation to other tetracycline drugs and other food animals. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 12, 2021

2021 journal article

EVALUATION OF THE PHARMACOKINETIC BEHAVIOR OF TULATHROMYCIN (DRAXXIN) IN FLORIDA MANATEES (TRICHECHUS MANATUS LATIROSTRIS) UNDERGOING MEDICAL REHABILITATION

JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE, 52(3), 880–885.

By: L. Smith*, C. Bublitz n, E. Nixon n, J. Yeatts n, R. Ball* & R. Baynes n

MeSH headings : Animals; Animals, Wild; Cattle; Disaccharides; Heterocyclic Compounds; Horses; Swine; Trichechus; Trichechus manatus
TL;DR: The pharmacokinetic behavior of tulathromycin in Florida manatees can be used to optimize dosage regimens in this species, and this antibiotic has also been used in manatee with positive clinical outcomes. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: October 2, 2021

2021 journal article

Egg residue and depletion in Rhode Island Red hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) following multiple oral doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 123.

By: H. Enomoto n, O. Petritz n, A. Thomson n, K. Flammer n, F. Ferdous n, E. Meyer*, L. Tell*, R. Baynes n

author keywords: Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; WDI; LC-MS; Egg; Hen
MeSH headings : Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / analysis; Anti-Bacterial Agents / toxicity; Chickens; Drug Combinations; Egg Yolk; Eggs / analysis; Female; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Rhode Island; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / administration & dosage; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / analysis; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / toxicity
TL;DR: Evaluated the drug elimination parameters in egg components and whole egg to better estimate the withdrawal interval of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim following oral administration for 7 days at a purposed dosage regimen. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: May 12, 2021

2021 journal article

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Pharmacokinetics and Mitigation of Procedural-Pain in Cattle

ANIMALS, 11(2).

By: B. Wagner n, E. Nixon n, I. Robles n, R. Baynes n, J. Coetzee* & M. Pairis-Garcia n

author keywords: cattle; NSAID; flunixin; meloxicam; aspirin; pain control
TL;DR: A comprehensively evaluated existing literature to summarize three NSAIDs (meloxicam, flunixin and aspirin) pharmacokinetics and administration outcome in regard to pain control during castration and disbudding procedures, in cattle. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: January 27, 2021

2021 journal article

Producer and Veterinarian Perspectives towards Pain Management Practices in the US Cattle Industry

ANIMALS, 11(1).

author keywords: cattle; animal welfare; pain mitigation; analgesics; attitudes; survey; FARAD
TL;DR: This study explored producer and veterinarian perspectives on pain management practices by exploring inquires received by Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) regarding analgesic use in cattle and using a survey instrument to identify factors that impact pain management implementation in the US cattle industry. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: January 21, 2021

2021 journal article

The pharmacokinetics of transdermal flunixin in lactating dairy goats

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 105(1), 549–559.

By: E. Meira n, E. Wiloch n, E. Nixon n, J. Yeatts n, F. Sheela n, G. Smith n, R. Baynes n

author keywords: transdermal flunixin; goat; pharmacokinetics; drug residue; milk
MeSH headings : Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cattle; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Female; Goats; Lactation; Milk / chemistry
TL;DR: Evaluated the pharmacokinetics of transdermal flunixin in dairy goats to determine a milk withdrawal interval (WDI) to avoid violative residue contamination in the food supply and propose safe residue levels in goat milk provides a milk WDI of 60 h using the US Food and Drug Administration tolerance limit method. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: October 17, 2021

2020 review

A review on the treatment and control of ectoparasite infestations in equids

[Review of ]. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, 43(5), 421–428.

By: I. Karasek*, C. Butler*, R. Baynes n & A. Werners*

MeSH headings : Animals; Ectoparasitic Infestations / drug therapy; Ectoparasitic Infestations / prevention & control; Ectoparasitic Infestations / veterinary; Horse Diseases / drug therapy; Horse Diseases / parasitology; Horse Diseases / prevention & control; Horses
TL;DR: The current available evidence for the prevention and treatment of ectoparasite infestations in horses is described and a very limited number of products approved for the use in horses appear to be safe in horses. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: June 15, 2020

2020 journal article

Comparative Plasma and Interstitial Fluid Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam, Flunixin, and Ketoprofen in Neonatal Piglets

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 7.

By: E. Nixon n, G. Almond n, R. Baynes n & K. Messenger n

author keywords: piglet; pain; welfare; castration; NSAID; pharmacokinetics; interstitial fluid
TL;DR: If drug concentrations in the ISF are more closely related to efficacy than the plasma, then the delay between the Tmax in plasma and ISF may be relevant to the timing of castration in order to provide the greatest analgesic effect. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 30, 2020

2020 review

Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food-producing animals. Part I: Cattle and swine

[Review of ]. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, 43(5), 385–420.

By: Z. Lin*, M. Li*, Y. Wang*, L. Tell*, R. Baynes n, J. Davis*, T. Vickroy*, J. Riviere n

author keywords: blood flow; food safety; organ weight; physiologically based pharmacokinetic model; withdrawal interval
MeSH headings : Animals; Cattle / physiology; Drug Residues; Models, Biological; Pharmaceutical Preparations / metabolism; Pharmacokinetics; Swine / physiology
TL;DR: These compiled data provide a comprehensive physiological parameter database for developing PBPK models of chemicals in cattle and swine to support animal‐derived food safety assessment and provide a basis to compile data in other food animal species, including goats, sheep, chickens, and turkeys. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 31, 2020

2020 review

Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food-producing animals. Part II: Chicken and turkey

[Review of ]. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, 44(4), 423–455.

By: Y. Wang*, M. Li*, L. Tell*, R. Baynes n, J. Davis*, T. Vickroy*, J. Riviere n, Z. Lin*

author keywords: blood flow; Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD); food safety; organ weight; physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: December 21, 2020

2020 journal article

Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food‐producing animals. Part III: Sheep and goat

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 44(4), 456–477.

By: M. Li*, Y. Wang*, T. Elwell‐Cuddy*, R. Baynes n, L. Tell*, J. Davis*, F. Maunsell*, J. Riviere n, Z. Lin*

author keywords: blood flow; food animal residue avoidance databank; food safety; organ weight; physiologically based pharmacokinetic model
MeSH headings : Animals; Cattle; Chickens; Goats; Models, Biological; Organ Size; Sheep; Swine
Sources: ORCID, Crossref
Added: August 13, 2021

2020 article

Plasma, Urine and Tissue Concentrations of Flunixin and Meloxicam in Pigs

Nixon, E., Mays, T. P., Routh, P. A., Yeatts, J. L., Fajt, V. R., Hairgrove, T., & Baynes, R. (2020, July 31).

By: E. Nixon n, T. Mays*, P. Routh n, J. Yeatts n, V. Fajt*, T. Hairgrove*, R. Baynes n

Source: ORCID
Added: September 1, 2024

2020 article

Plasma, Urine and Tissue Concentrations of Flunixin and Meloxicam in Pigs

Nixon, E., Mays, T. P., Routh, P. A., Yeatts, J. L., Fajt, V. R., Hairgrove, T., & Baynes, R. (2020, March 24).

By: E. Nixon n, T. Mays*, P. Routh n, J. Yeatts n, V. Fajt*, T. Hairgrove*, R. Baynes n

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: September 1, 2024

2020 journal article

Plasma, urine and tissue concentrations of Flunixin and Meloxicam in Pigs

BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH, 16(1).

By: E. Nixon n, T. Mays*, P. Routh n, J. Yeatts n, V. Fajt*, T. Hairgrove*, R. Baynes n

author keywords: Pig; Flunixin; Meloxicam; Pharmacokinetics; NSAIDs; Residue; Urine; Show
MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacokinetics; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / blood; Clonixin / pharmacokinetics; Clonixin / urine; Half-Life; Injections, Intramuscular / veterinary; Kidney / chemistry; Liver / chemistry; Male; Meloxicam / blood; Meloxicam / pharmacokinetics; Meloxicam / urine; Sus scrofa
TL;DR: The data suggest that pigs given a single intramuscular dose of meloxicam or flunixin are likely to have detectable levels of the parent drug in urine up to 2 days and 5 days, respectively, after the first dose, but unlikely to have tissue residues above the US FDA tolerance or EU MRL following negative urine testing. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: October 12, 2020

2020 review

Surface distribution of pyrethroids following topical application to veterinary species: Implications for lateral transport

[Review of ]. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, 44(1), 1–10.

By: W. Baeumer & R. Baynes n

author keywords: lateral transport; pyrethroids
MeSH headings : Administration, Topical; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Ectoparasitic Infestations / drug therapy; Ectoparasitic Infestations / veterinary; Insecticides / administration & dosage; Insecticides / therapeutic use; Pyrethrins / administration & dosage; Pyrethrins / therapeutic use
TL;DR: This review attempts to demonstrate evidence for lateral transport of pyrethroids after topical administration in dogs, cattle and sheep and to present data gaps that should be addressed in follow-up studies. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: September 28, 2020

2019 journal article

Comparative plasma and urine concentrations of flunixin and meloxicam in goats

SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH, 174, 40–46.

By: C. Bublitz n, D. Mzyk n, T. Mays*, V. Fajt*, T. Hairgrove* & R. Baynes n

TL;DR: The information from this study represents a potential worst-case scenario for urine depletion and helps determine the withdrawal intervals needed for flunixin meglumine in show goats when administered in this extra label manner. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: June 4, 2019

2019 journal article

Detection of flunixin in the urine of untreated pigs housed with pigs treated with flunixin meglumine at labeled doses

TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL SCIENCE, 3(4), 1399–1404.

By: T. Hairgrove, J. Mask, T. Mays*, V. Fajt*, A. Bentke*, J. Warner*, R. Baynes n

author keywords: flunixin; limit of detection; show pigs; treated-untreated pigs; urine levels
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that transfer of the drug from treated to untreated pigs housed in close proximity was possible, and any detectable level of flunixin found in the urine of pigs exhibited at livestock shows in Texas can disqualify the exhibitor. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 6, 2020

2019 journal article

Development and application of a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in cattle

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 126, 285–294.

By: F. Yang n, Z. Lin*, J. Riviere n & R. Baynes n

author keywords: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model; Withdrawal interval; Florfenicol; Florfenicol amine; Cattle
MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / analysis; Anti-Bacterial Agents / metabolism; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Cattle; Cattle Diseases / drug therapy; China; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Administration Routes; Drug Residues / analysis; Drug Residues / metabolism; Drug Residues / pharmacokinetics; Kidney / drug effects; Liver / drug effects; Models, Biological; Thiamphenicol / administration & dosage; Thiamphenicol / analogs & derivatives; Thiamphenicol / analysis; Thiamphenicol / metabolism; Thiamphenicol / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: A population physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict the concentrations of FF and its metabolite, florfenicol amine, in cattle after four different routes of administration, and to calculate and compare the withdrawal intervals (WDIs) with approved withdrawal times based on different marker residues and their MRLs or tolerances. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: April 15, 2019

2019 journal article

Impact of bovine respiratory disease on the pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin and tulathromycin in different ages of calves

PLOS ONE, 14(6).

By: D. Mzyk n, C. Bublitz n, M. Martinez*, J. Davis*, R. Baynes n & G. Smith n

Ed(s): D. Gladue

MeSH headings : Age Factors; Animals; Area Under Curve; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / chemistry; Cattle; Cattle Diseases / drug therapy; Disaccharides / administration & dosage; Disaccharides / pharmacokinetics; Extracellular Fluid / chemistry; Female; Fluoroquinolones / administration & dosage; Fluoroquinolones / pharmacokinetics; Heterocyclic Compounds / administration & dosage; Heterocyclic Compounds / pharmacokinetics; Pasteurella Infections / drug therapy; Pasteurella Infections / veterinary; Pasteurella multocida / pathogenicity; Respiration Disorders / drug therapy; Respiration Disorders / veterinary
TL;DR: Age was determined to be a significant covariate for calves administered danofloxacin and tulathromycin for plasma PK parameters and potential reasons for age-related differences on plasma concentration–time profiles and the impact of disease on the partitioning of the drug from the blood to the lungs and ISF as a function of age are explored. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: September 30, 2019

2019 journal article

Integration of Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) empirical methods for drug withdrawal interval determination with a mechanistic population-based interactive physiologically based pharmacokinetic (iPBPK) modeling platform: example for flunixin meglumine administration

Archives of Toxicology, 93(7), 1865–1880.

By: M. Li*, Y. Cheng*, J. Chittenden n, R. Baynes n, L. Tell*, J. Davis*, T. Vickroy*, J. Riviere n, Z. Lin*

author keywords: Flunixin; Interactive physiologically based pharmacokinetic (iPBPK) model; Food safety; Drug residues; Withdrawal intervals (WDIs); Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD)
MeSH headings : Animals; Animals, Domestic / metabolism; Clonixin / administration & dosage; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / pharmacokinetics; Databases, Factual; Drug Residues / pharmacokinetics; Food Contamination / analysis; Food Contamination / prevention & control; Food Safety / methods; Models, Biological; Veterinary Drugs / administration & dosage; Veterinary Drugs / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: A new PBPK model for both cattle and swine after administration of flunixin meglumine was developed and it can be applied to develop new models for other drugs in other food animal species, thereby facilitating the application of P BPK modeling in WDI estimation and food safety assessment. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 12, 2019

2019 journal article

Safety and efficacy of topically applied 0.5% and 1% pirfenidone in a canine model of subconjunctival fibrosis

VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY, 22(4), 502–509.

By: H. Westermeyer n, B. Salmon n, R. Baynes n, J. Yeatts n, A. Khattab n, A. Oh n, F. Mowat n

MeSH headings : Administration, Topical; Animals; Aqueous Humor / drug effects; Conjunctival Diseases / drug therapy; Conjunctival Diseases / pathology; Conjunctival Diseases / veterinary; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Drug Implants; Female; Fibrosis / drug therapy; Fibrosis / veterinary; Pyridones / administration & dosage; Pyridones / therapeutic use; Random Allocation
TL;DR: Pfenidone may decrease fibrosis following glaucoma shunt surgery and can potentially be used indefinitely due to minimal side effects. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 5, 2019

2018 journal article

Automation and applications of the tolerance limit method in estimating meat withdrawal periods for veterinary drugs

COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE, 146, 125–135.

By: O. Udiani n, S. Mason*, G. Smith n, D. Mzyk n, R. Gehring*, L. Tell*, J. Riviere n, R. Baynes n

author keywords: Withdrawal time calculator; R studio; Maximum residue limit; Tolerance; US FDA
TL;DR: A novel program provides a platform to calculate a withdrawal period recommendation for any drug in any class of animal for various regulatory body standards and could be very helpful in cases of extra-label drug use in food animals. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2018 journal article

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of plant-based treatments in milk and plasma of USDA organic dairy cattle with and without mastitis

FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT, 35(9), 1716–1727.

By: S. Mason n, K. Mullen n, S. Washburn n, K. Anderson n & R. Baynes n

author keywords: Pharmacology; milk; organic; thymol; carvacrol; bovine; cattle
MeSH headings : Animals; Cattle; Cymenes; Dairying; Female; Food, Organic / analysis; Garlic / chemistry; Milk / chemistry; Monoterpenes / blood; Thymol / blood; United States; United States Department of Agriculture
TL;DR: Study of the pharmacokinetics of 3 compounds used on organic both healthy and mastitic organic dairy cattle found levels remained below the limit of detection in milk and plasma and thus no withdrawal time appears to be needed for milk. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: October 16, 2018

2018 journal article

Consequences of fipronil exposure in egg-laying hens

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 253(1), 57–60.

By: E. Stafford, L. Tell, Z. Lin, J. Davis, T. Vickroy, J. Riviere*, R. Baynes*

MeSH headings : Animal Feed / analysis; Animals; Chickens / metabolism; Europe; Female; Food Contamination / prevention & control; Food Safety; Ovum / metabolism; Pesticides / adverse effects; Pyrazoles / adverse effects
TL;DR: Concerns with fipronil use or exposure in poultry and the difficulties associated with developing data-driven meat or egg withdrawal intervals are explained. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2018 journal article

Effect of 3 phytoceutical products on elimination of bacteria in experimentally induced Streptococcus uberis clinical mastitis

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 101(11), 10409–10413.

By: K. Mullen, R. Lyman n, S. Washburn*, R. Baynes n & K. Anderson n

author keywords: mastitis; Streptococcus uberis; phytoceutical
MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology; Cattle; Female; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal / drug effects; Mammary Glands, Animal / microbiology; Mastitis, Bovine / drug therapy; Mastitis, Bovine / microbiology; Milk / drug effects; Milk / microbiology; Plant Preparations / pharmacology; Random Allocation; Streptococcal Infections / drug therapy; Streptococcal Infections / microbiology; Streptococcal Infections / veterinary; Streptococcus / drug effects
TL;DR: It is concluded that the phytoceuticals tested, as dosed and used in this trial, did not produce bacterial cures in S. uberis-induced mastitis. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: November 5, 2018

2018 journal article

Effect of age on plasma protein binding of several veterinary drugs in dairy Check for calves 2

RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 121, 59–64.

By: D. Mzyk n, C. Bublitz n, G. Hobgood n, M. Martinez*, J. Davis*, G. Smith n, R. Baynes n

author keywords: Protein binding; Calves; Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein; Albumin
MeSH headings : Age Factors; Animals; Blood Proteins / metabolism; Cattle / metabolism; Protein Binding; Veterinary Drugs / metabolism
TL;DR: Findings from these calves suggest that age is not an important factor in the binding of these drugs to plasma proteins, and statistically significant age-effects on plasma protein binding were not observed for any of the drugs evaluated. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: December 17, 2018

2018 article

Extralabel drug use in small ruminants

Martin, K. L., Clapham, M. O., Davis, J. L., Baynes, R. E., Lin, Z., Vickroy, T. W., … Tell, L. A. (2018, October 15). JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Vol. 253, pp. 1001–1009.

By: K. Martin, M. Clapham, J. Davis*, R. Baynes*, Z. Lin, T. Vickroy, J. Riviere*, L. Tell

MeSH headings : Animals; Drug Residues; Goat Diseases / drug therapy; Goats; Legislation, Drug; Off-Label Use; Sheep; Sheep Diseases / drug therapy; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Veterinary Drugs / administration & dosage; Veterinary Drugs / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: The purpose of this digest is to update a previous FARAD Digest2 concerning small ruminants and provide veterinarians with summary information regarding ELDU in smallRuminants. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: October 16, 2018

2018 journal article

Genetic Parameter Estimates for Metabolizing Two Common Pharmaceuticals in Swine

Frontiers in Genetics, 9(FEB).

By: J. Howard n, M. Ashwell n, R. Baynes n, J. Brooks n, J. Yeatts n & C. Maltecca n

Contributors: J. Howard n, M. Ashwell n, R. Baynes n, J. Brooks n, J. Yeatts n & C. Maltecca n

author keywords: swine; pharmacogenomics; heritability; fenbendazole; flunixin meglumine
TL;DR: A low to moderate proportion of the phenotypic variation in metabolizing fenbendazole and flunixin meglumine drug metabolism was explained by genetics in the current study. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2018 journal article

Impact of synthetic canine cerumen on in vitro penetration of auricular skin of dogs by florfenicol, terbinafine, and betamethasone acetate

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH, 79(3), 333–341.

By: S. Ehling, R. Baynes* & W. Baeumer

MeSH headings : Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Betamethasone / pharmacokinetics; Cerumen / chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / veterinary; Dogs / metabolism; Female; Gels; Male; Naphthalenes / pharmacokinetics; Skin / drug effects; Skin / metabolism; Skin Absorption / drug effects; Terbinafine; Thiamphenicol / analogs & derivatives; Thiamphenicol / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: 3H-betamethasone acetate, 14C-terbinafine hydrochloride, and florfenicol were all absorbed in vitro through healthy auricular skin specimens within the first 24 hours after topical application, and synthetic canine cerumen had no impact on dermal absorption in vitro. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2018 journal article

Skin Permeation of Solutes from Metalworking Fluids to Build Prediction Models and Test A Partition Theory

MOLECULES, 23(12).

By: J. Hughes-Oliver n, G. Xu* & R. Baynes n

author keywords: leave-one-solute-out (LOSO) cross-validation; leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation; linear free-energy relationship (LFER) model; membrane-coated fiber (MCF) approach; partition coefficient; quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR); metalworking fluid
MeSH headings : Algorithms; Metals / metabolism; Models, Theoretical; Permeability; Reproducibility of Results; Skin Physiological Phenomena
TL;DR: Using the membrane-coated fiber as a solid phase membrane extraction (SPME) approach to simulate skin permeation, partition coefficients for 37 solutes under 90 treatment combinations that could broadly represent formulations that could be associated with occupational skin exposure are obtained. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 14, 2019

2018 journal article

The pharmacokinetics of gabapentin in cats

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, 32(6), 1996–2002.

By: D. Adrian n, M. Papich n, R. Baynes n, E. Stafford & B. Lascelles n

author keywords: compounded; feline; pain; transdermal
MeSH headings : Analgesics / administration & dosage; Analgesics / blood; Analgesics / pharmacokinetics; Animals; Cats / metabolism; Female; Gabapentin / administration & dosage; Gabapentin / blood; Gabapentin / pharmacokinetics; Half-Life; Injections, Intravenous / veterinary; Male
TL;DR: Repeated oral dosing of gabapentin did not alter the drug's pharmacokinetics, making dose adjustments unnecessary with long‐term treatment, and the transdermal route is an inappropriate choice for drug administration. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: December 31, 2018

2018 journal article

Use of an ultrafiltration device in gland cistern for continuous sampling of healthy and mastitic quarters of lactating cattle for pharmacokinetic modeling

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 101(11), 10414–10420.

By: D. Mzyk*, C. Bublitz, H. Sylvester*, K. Mullen n, G. Hobgood, R. Baynes*, D. Foster*

MeSH headings : Administration, Intravenous / veterinary; Animals; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / veterinary; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / blood; Clonixin / pharmacokinetics; Feasibility Studies; Female; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal / metabolism; Mass Spectrometry / veterinary; Mastitis, Bovine / diagnosis; Milk / chemistry; Ultrafiltration / veterinary
TL;DR: Collection of ultrafiltration samples from the mammary gland of cows provides a viable means to continuously assess drug concentrations in the milk while continuing to milk the cow normally, and demonstrates the utility of continuous sampling of milk via ultraFiltration for future pharmacokinetic studies in cattle. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: November 5, 2018

2017 journal article

Avoiding violative flunixin meglumine residues in cattle and swine

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 250(2), 182–189.

By: P. Sidhu*, R. Gehring*, D. Mzyk n, T. Marmulak*, L. Tell, R. Baynes n, T. Vickroy*, J. Riviere*

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / chemistry; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacokinetics; Cattle; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / chemistry; Clonixin / pharmacokinetics; Drug Residues / pharmacokinetics; Swine
TL;DR: In the United States, NSAIDs are among the most frequently administered drugs for analgesia in cattle; however, such use is considered extralabel and must be in accordance with AMDUCA. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Considerations for extralabel drug use in calves

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 250(11), 1275–1282.

By: D. Mzyk*, R. Gehring, L. Tell, T. Vickroy, J. Riviere*, G. Ragan, R. Baynes*, G. Smith*

MeSH headings : Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cattle; Drug Labeling; Drug Residues; Food Contamination; Meat; Milk; Veterinary Drugs / administration & dosage; Veterinary Drugs / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: The purpose of this digest is to provide veterinarians with a summary of the considerations for ELDU in both beef and dairy calves as well as calves intended for veal production. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Evaluation of a 2-aminoimidazole variant as adjuvant treatment for dermal bacterial infections

Drug Design Development and Therapy, 11, 153–162.

By: G. Draughn, C. Allen, P. Routh, M. Stone, K. Kirker, A. Boegli, R. Schuchman, K. Linder ...

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Gene co-expression network analysis identifies porcine genes associated with variation in metabolizing fenbendazole and flunixin meglumine in the liver

Scientific Reports, 7(1).

By: J. Howard n, M. Ashwell n, R. Baynes n, J. Brooks n, J. Yeatts n & C. Maltecca n

Contributors: J. Howard n, M. Ashwell n, R. Baynes n, J. Brooks n, J. Yeatts n & C. Maltecca n

MeSH headings : Animals; Antinematodal Agents / pharmacokinetics; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / pharmacokinetics; Female; Fenbendazole / pharmacokinetics; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Regulatory Networks; Liver / drug effects; Liver / metabolism; Male; Sus scrofa / genetics; Transcriptome
TL;DR: The objective was to identify individual genes and gene networks involved in metabolizing fenbendazole (FBZ) and flunixin meglumine (FLU) in swine liver to allow for greater insight into FBZ and FLU metabolism. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, Crossref, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Guide to FARAD resources: historical and future perspectives

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 250(10), 1131–1139.

By: J. Riviere*, L. Tell, R. Baynes*, T. Vickroy & R. Gehring

MeSH headings : Animal Husbandry; Animals; Consumer Product Safety; Databases, Factual; Drug Residues; Food Contamination; Meat; United States; United States Department of Agriculture
TL;DR: The program has dramatically evolved since its inception in terms of data resources, outreach, quantitative tools used to estimate WDIs, precision of estimates, and methods implemented to disseminate information. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Pharmacokinetic analysis of thymol, carvacrol and diallyl disulfide after intramammary and topical applications in healthy organic dairy cattle

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 34(5), 1–10.

By: S. Mason n, K. Mullen n, K. Anderson n, S. Washburn n, J. Yeatts n & R. Baynes n

author keywords: Mastitis; organic; generally recognised as safe (GRAS); bovine; residue
MeSH headings : Administration, Topical; Allyl Compounds / administration & dosage; Allyl Compounds / pharmacokinetics; Animals; Cattle; Cymenes; Dairying; Disulfides / administration & dosage; Disulfides / pharmacokinetics; Female; Health; Limit of Detection; Mammary Glands, Animal / metabolism; Monoterpenes / administration & dosage; Monoterpenes / pharmacokinetics; Thymol / administration & dosage; Thymol / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: The plasma pharmacokinetics of three organic mastitis products currently used by organic producers and organic dairy veterinarians are investigated, finding that levels were measurable in the plasma, liver, kidney and fat up to 72 h after the last dose. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Potential of phytoceuticals to affect antibiotic residue detection tests in cow milk in a randomised trial

Veterinary Record Open, 4(1), e000214.

By: K. Mullen n, E. Beasley n, J. Rizzo, S. Washburn n, R. Baynes n, S. Mason*, K. Anderson n

TL;DR: Based on dilution of the products in bovine milk at physiologically achievable levels, phytoceutical products tested at levels expected after treatment do not cause positive test results for the Delvotest P nor do they interfere with the Charm SL Beta-lactam test in detection of various antibiotics. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: July 20, 2019

2016 journal article

Development of a HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS Method for the Quantitation of Thymol and Carvacrol in Bovine Matrices and To Determine Residue Depletion in Milk and. Tissues

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 64(41), 7856–7865.

By: S. Armorini*, J. Yeatts*, K. Mullen*, S. Mason*, E. Mehmeti*, K. Anderson*, S. Washburn*, R. Baynes*

author keywords: organic; thymol; carvacrol; milk; bovine tissues; residues
TL;DR: A rapid and sensitive HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS method was developed for the detection of thymol and carvacrol in bovine milk, plasma, liver, kidney, and fat and stability studies showed that both compounds are stable over a 2 month period. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Health concerns and management of select veterinary drug residues

Food and Chemical Toxicology, 88, 112–122.

By: R. Baynes n, K. Dedonder*, L. Kissell n, D. Mzyk n, T. Marmulak*, G. Smith n, L. Tell*, R. Gehring*, J. Davis n, J. Riviere*

author keywords: Drug; Veterinary; Residue; Adverse; Livestock
MeSH headings : Animals; Carcinogens; Drug Residues / adverse effects; Humans; Veterinary Drugs / chemistry; Veterinary Drugs / metabolism; Veterinary Drugs / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: The aim of this manuscript is to review the potential adverse health effects in humans if exposed to residues of selected veterinary drugs used in food-producing animals and how regulatory and independent organizations manage the risk of these veterinary drugs based on data from human health risk assessments. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Crossref, ORCID
Added: February 24, 2020

2016 journal article

Pharmacokinetics and distribution in interstitial and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid of danofloxacin in ruminant and preruminant calves

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, 40(2), 179–191.

By: D. Mzyk n, R. Baynes n, K. Messenger n, M. Martinez* & G. Smith n

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents / metabolism; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Area Under Curve; Body Fluids / chemistry; Cattle / physiology; Digestion / physiology; Fluoroquinolones / chemistry; Fluoroquinolones / metabolism; Fluoroquinolones / pharmacokinetics; Half-Life
TL;DR: Comparison of active drug concentrations in the plasma vs. different effector compartments of healthy preruminating and ruminating calves found that ruminant calves maintained higher ISF/plasma concentration ratios throughout the study period compared to that observed in preruminant calves. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Pharmacokinetics and tissue elimination of flunixin in veal calves

American Journal of Veterinary Research, 77(6), 634–640.

By: L. Kissell*, P. Brinson, R. Gehring, L. Tell, S. Wetzlich, R. Baynes*, J. Riviere*, G. Smith*

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / blood; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / chemistry; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / metabolism; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacokinetics; Area Under Curve; Cattle / blood; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / blood; Clonixin / chemistry; Clonixin / metabolism; Clonixin / pharmacokinetics; Drug Residues; Half-Life; Liver / chemistry; Muscle, Skeletal / chemistry; Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
TL;DR: Results indicated that a slaughter withdrawal interval of several weeks may be necessary to ensure that violative tissue residues of flunixin are not detected in veal calves treated with that drug. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Pharmacokinetics of C-14-ortho-phenylphenol following intravenous administration in pigs

JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, 37(4), 508–512.

By: E. Nixon n, J. Brooks n, P. Routh n, J. Chittenden* & R. Baynes n

author keywords: pharmacokinetics; ortho-phenylphenol; intravenous dose; pig; biocide
MeSH headings : Administration, Intravenous; Animals; Area Under Curve; Biphenyl Compounds / administration & dosage; Biphenyl Compounds / pharmacokinetics; Disinfectants / pharmacokinetics; Feces / chemistry; Half-Life; Male; Sus scrofa; Swine; Tissue Distribution
TL;DR: Comparisons with other species suggest that 14C‐OPP clearance in pigs (2.48 ml h–1 kg–1) is less than that in humans and rats and that the kidneys play a crucial role in clearance with a large percentage of the dose being found in the urine. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Comparison of pharmacokinetics and milk elimination of flunixin in healthy cows and cows with mastitis

JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 246(1), 118–125.

By: L. Kissell n, T. Leavens n, R. Baynes n, J. Riviere n & G. Smith n

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / blood; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacokinetics; Cattle; Cephalosporins / therapeutic use; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / blood; Clonixin / pharmacokinetics; Female; Mastitis, Bovine / drug therapy; Mastitis, Bovine / metabolism; Milk / chemistry
TL;DR: Pharmacokinetics and elimination of flunixin and 5-hydroxy flunxin in milk differed between mastitic and healthy cows, resulting in violative residues, which may partially explain the high number of fl unixin residues reported in beef and dairy cattle. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Differential Gene Expression across Breed and Sex in Commercial Pigs Administered Fenbendazole and Flunixin Meglumine

PLOS ONE, 10(9), e0137830.

By: J. Howard n, A. O’Nan n, C. Maltecca n, R. Baynes n & M. Ashwell n

Contributors: J. Howard n, . A.T. O'Nan n, C. Maltecca n, R. Baynes n & M. Ashwell n

Ed(s): F. Kobeissy

MeSH headings : Animals; Breeding; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / pharmacology; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / genetics; Female; Fenbendazole / pharmacology; Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects; Male; Orchiectomy; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sus scrofa / genetics
Sources: Web Of Science, Crossref, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Egg residue considerations during the treatment of backyard poultry

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 247(12), 1388–1395.

By: T. Marmulak, L. Tell, R. Gehring, R. Baynes*, T. Vickroy & J. Riviere*

MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use; Chickens; Drug Residues; Eggs / analysis; Poultry Diseases / drug therapy; Turkeys; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
TL;DR: The purpose of this digest was to provide US veterinarians guidance on the responsible treatment of backyard poultry flocks and information regarding the depletion of drug residues in eggs from hens treated with various drugs in an extralabel manner is sparse or lacking. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Excretory, Secretory, and Tissue Residues after Label and Extra-label Administration of Flunixin Meglumine to Saline- or Lipopolysaccharide-Exposed Dairy Cows

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63(19), 4893–4901.

By: D. Smith*, W. Shelver*, R. Baynes n, L. Tell*, R. Gehring*, M. Li*, T. Dutko, J. Schroeder*, G. Herges*, J. Riviere*

author keywords: dairy; extra-label; flunixin; holstein; liver; metabolite ratio; milk; residue
MeSH headings : Adipose Tissue / chemistry; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / administration & dosage; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacokinetics; Cattle; Clonixin / administration & dosage; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / analysis; Clonixin / pharmacokinetics; Drug Labeling; Drug Residues / analysis; Drug Residues / pharmacokinetics; Female; Inflammation / chemically induced; Inflammation / drug therapy; Kidney / chemistry; Lipopolysaccharides / adverse effects; Liver / chemistry; Milk / chemistry; Muscle, Skeletal / chemistry; Sodium Chloride / administration & dosage; Veterinary Drugs / administration & dosage; Veterinary Drugs / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: Flunixin meglumine administered by either intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection at 24 h intervals may be related to LPS inhibition of flunixIn metabolism. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Screening and Confirmatory Analyses of Flunixin in Tissues and Bodily Fluids after Intravenous or Intramuscular Administration to Cull Dairy Cows with or without Lipopolysaccharide Challenge

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64(1), 336–345.

By: W. Shelver*, D. Smith*, L. Tell*, R. Baynes n, J. Schroeder* & J. Riviere*

author keywords: flunixin; ELISA; route of administration; concentration; food safety
MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / administration & dosage; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacokinetics; Cattle; Cattle Diseases / blood; Cattle Diseases / drug therapy; Cattle Diseases / metabolism; Cattle Diseases / urine; Clonixin / administration & dosage; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / pharmacokinetics; Drug Residues / pharmacokinetics; Female; Injections, Intramuscular; Kidney / chemistry; Kidney / metabolism; Liver / chemistry; Liver / metabolism; Milk / chemistry; Muscles / chemistry; Muscles / metabolism; Tissue Distribution
TL;DR: The ratio of urinary flunixin and 5-hydroxy flunxin may be useful for predicting disruption of metabolism caused by disease or other factors potentially leading to violative liver and milk violative residues. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Short communication: Pharmacokinetics of intramammary hetacillin in dairy cattle milked 3 times per day

Journal of Dairy Science, 98(3), 1856–1861.

By: D. Lindquist, R. Baynes n & G. Smith n

author keywords: hetacillin; intramammary; pharmacokinetics; mastitis
MeSH headings : Ampicillin / analysis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Cattle / metabolism; Dairying / methods; Female; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal / drug effects; Mastitis, Bovine / drug therapy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Milk / chemistry; Penicillins / administration & dosage; Penicillins / pharmacokinetics
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries, Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Tissue concentrations of sulfamethazine and tetracycline hydrochloride of swine (Sus scrofa domestica) as it relates to withdrawal methods for international export

REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 71(3), 590–596.

By: S. Mason*, H. Wu*, J. Yeatts n & R. Baynes n

author keywords: Swine; Tetracycline; Sulfa methazine; Pharmacokinetics; Population; Monte Carlo method; FDA tolerance limit method; Maximum residue limit; Withdrawal interval; Withdrawal time
MeSH headings : Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Consumer Product Safety; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Residues / pharmacokinetics; Food Contamination / analysis; Food Supply; Red Meat / analysis; Sulfamethazine / administration & dosage; Sulfamethazine / pharmacokinetics; Sus scrofa / metabolism; Tetracycline / administration & dosage; Tetracycline / pharmacokinetics; Tissue Distribution; Water Supply
TL;DR: The TLM may not always provide adequate WDT for foreign export markets especially when MRLs differ from tolerance levels approved for US markets, however, PopPK methods can provide conservative WDIs in situations with considerable variability in medication exposure such as with administration in water. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 journal article

Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for flunixin in cattle (Bos taurus)

FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT, 31(9), 1506–1521.

By: T. Leavens n, L. Tell*, L. Kissell n, G. Smith n, D. Smith*, S. Wagner*, W. Shelver*, H. Wu n ...

author keywords: flunixin; PBPK models; withdrawal intervals; route of administration; cattle (Bos taurus)
MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / administration & dosage; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / blood; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacokinetics; Cattle / blood; Clonixin / administration & dosage; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / blood; Clonixin / pharmacokinetics; Drug Residues; Liver / chemistry; Liver / metabolism; Milk / chemistry; Models, Biological; Sensitivity and Specificity; Software; Uncertainty
TL;DR: A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to predict plasma, liver and milk concentrations of flunixin in cattle following intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous administration for use as a tool to determine factors that may affect the withdrawal time. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 journal article

Interspecies Mixed-Effect Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Penicillin G in Cattle and Swine

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 58(8), 4495–4503.

By: M. Li*, R. Gehring*, L. Tell*, R. Baynes n, Q. Huang* & J. Riviere*

MeSH headings : Age Factors; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Body Weight; Cattle; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney / chemistry; Kidney / metabolism; Liver / chemistry; Liver / metabolism; Meat / analysis; Models, Statistical; Muscle, Skeletal / chemistry; Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism; Penicillin G / blood; Penicillin G / pharmacokinetics; Species Specificity; Swine
TL;DR: This study established a robust model of penicillin for a large and diverse population of food-producing animals which could be applied to other antibiotics and species in future analyses. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 journal article

Skin absorption of six performance amines used in metalworking fluids

JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, 35(5), 520–528.

By: L. Roux, J. Brooks n, J. Yeatts n & R. Baynes n

author keywords: skin absorption; metalworking fluids; flow-through diffusion cell; ethanolamines; biocide
MeSH headings : Amines / pharmacokinetics; Animals; Cyclohexylamines / pharmacokinetics; Diphenylamine / pharmacokinetics; Disinfectants / pharmacokinetics; Ethanolamine / pharmacokinetics; Ethanolamines / pharmacokinetics; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Linear Models; Metallurgy; Permeability; Skin Absorption / drug effects; Swine
TL;DR: To determine the absorption of six amines used as corrosion inhibitors and biocides in MWFs, porcine skin flow‐through diffusion cell experiments were conducted and results should help MWF industries choose safer additives for their formulations to protect the health of metalworkers. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 journal article

Tetracycline Residues in Porcine Stomach after Administration via Drinking Water on a Swine Farm

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION, 77(1), 122–126.

By: D. Lindquist, H. Wu*, S. Mason*, J. Yeatts n, J. Brooks n, B. Barlow n, K. Schill n, R. Baynes n

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / veterinary; Drug Residues / analysis; Europe; Meat / analysis; Monte Carlo Method; Russia; Stomach / chemistry; Swine; Tetracycline / blood; Tetracycline / pharmacokinetics; United States; Water / chemistry
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that tetracycline residues are still detectable in the stomach tissues after the established United States withdrawal time of 4 days, which may explain why stomach tissues tested in Russia and Europe show positive residues for tetrACYcline, even though the meat may pass inspection here in the United States prior to export. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 journal article

The effect of breed and sex on sulfamethazine, enrofloxacin, fenbendazole and flunixin meglumine pharmacokinetic parameters in swine

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, 37(6), 531–541.

Contributors: J. Howard n, R. Baynes n, J. Brooks n, J. Yeatts n, B. Bellis n, M. Ashwell n, P. Routh n, . A.T. O'Nan n, C. Maltecca n

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Infective Agents / blood; Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacokinetics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / blood; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacokinetics; Antinematodal Agents / blood; Antinematodal Agents / pharmacokinetics; Benzimidazoles / blood; Ciprofloxacin / blood; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / blood; Clonixin / pharmacokinetics; Enrofloxacin; Female; Fenbendazole / blood; Fenbendazole / pharmacokinetics; Fluoroquinolones / blood; Fluoroquinolones / pharmacokinetics; Male; Sex Factors; Species Specificity; Sulfamethazine / analogs & derivatives; Sulfamethazine / blood; Sulfamethazine / pharmacokinetics; Swine / metabolism
TL;DR: Whether drug clearance differs across genetic backgrounds and sex for sulfamethazine, enrofloxacin, fenbendazole and flunixin meglumine is determined to determine the degree of additive genetic variation utilizing a larger population. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

Comparison of ELISA and LC-MS/MS for the Measurement of Flunixin Plasma Concentrations in Beef Cattle after Intravenous and Subcutaneous Administration

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 61(11), 2679–2686.

By: W. Shelver*, L. Tell*, S. Wagner*, S. Wetzlich*, R. Baynes*, J. Riviere*, D. Smith*

author keywords: cattle; flunixin; ELISA; pharmacokinetics; elimination; administration; concentration
MeSH headings : Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / administration & dosage; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / blood; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods; Clonixin / administration & dosage; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / blood; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods; Injections, Intravenous; Tandem Mass Spectrometry / methods; Veterinary Drugs / administration & dosage; Veterinary Drugs / blood
TL;DR: Quantitative immunoassay was a satisfactory method of flunixin analysis and it would be difficult to differentiate routes of administration in healthy beef cattle based on the plasma elimination profile of fl unixin after IV or SC administration. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

Effects of new sampling protocols on procaine penicillin G withdrawal intervals for cattle

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 243(10), 1408–1412.

By: K. DeDonder*, R. Gehring, R. Baynes*, L. Tell, T. Vickroy, M. Apley, J. Riviere

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Cattle; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Residues; Food Safety; Penicillin G Procaine / administration & dosage; Penicillin G Procaine / blood; Penicillin G Procaine / pharmacokinetics; Specimen Handling
TL;DR: A restructuring of the US NRP with respect to sampling of compounds in meat, poultry, and egg products and the scheduling of animal production classes and several new MRMs for analyzing tissue samples from harvested animals for violative residues are implemented. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

Occurrence of flunixin residues in bovine milk samples from the USA

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 30(9), 1513–1516.

By: L. Kissell n, R. Baynes n, J. Riviere* & G. Smith n

author keywords: flunixin; milk residues; UPLC-MS; CHARM((R)); milk; food safety
MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / metabolism; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / analysis; Clonixin / metabolism; Dairying / legislation & jurisprudence; Drug Residues / analysis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Food Contamination / legislation & jurisprudence; Food Handling; Food Inspection / legislation & jurisprudence; Guideline Adherence; Legislation, Food; Milk / chemistry; Milk / standards; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Transportation; United States; United States Department of Agriculture; United States Food and Drug Administration
TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that flunixin residues in milk are possible, and regulatory agencies should be aware that such residues can occur, and should consider incorporating or expanding flunxin screening tests as part of routine drug monitoring in milk. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

Predicting skin permeability from complex chemical mixtures: incorporation of an expanded QSAR model

SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research, 24(9), 711–731.

By: G. Xu n, J. Hughes-Oliver*, J. Brooks* & R. Baynes*

author keywords: Abraham's LFER model; adjusted Q(LOO)(2); expanded LFER model; leave-one-solute-out; QSAR
MeSH headings : Complex Mixtures / pharmacokinetics; Permeability; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Skin / drug effects
TL;DR: An expanded QSAR model is proposed in which one set of partial slopes is defined for each experimental condition, where conditions are defined according to solvent: water, synthetic oil, semi-synthetic oil, or soluble oil, which improved both the model fit and the predictive power when compared with the simple model. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

Prediction of flunixin tissue residue concentrations in livers from diseased cattle

Food and Chemical Toxicology, 62, 876–879.

By: H. Wu n, R. Baynes n, L. Tell* & J. Riviere*

author keywords: Flunixin; Population pharmacokinetics; Tissue residue; Monte Carlo simulation
TL;DR: The objective of this analysis was to explore how the changes in pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters that may be associated with diseased animals affect the predicted liver residue of flunixin in cattle. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

Selection of appropriate training and validation set chemicals for modelling dermal permeability by U-optimal design

SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research, 24(2), 135–156.

By: G. Xu n, J. Hughes-Oliver*, J. Brooks n, J. Yeatts n & R. Baynes n

author keywords: QSAR model; training set selection; Baynes' Rule; U-optimal design; principal component analysis (PCA); applicability domain (AD)
MeSH headings : Chemistry / methods; Inorganic Chemicals / chemistry; Inorganic Chemicals / pharmacokinetics; Models, Statistical; Organic Chemicals / chemistry; Organic Chemicals / pharmacokinetics; Permeability; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Skin / drug effects
TL;DR: This paper describes a comprehensive procedure to select training sets from a large candidate set of 4534 solutes, using the newly proposed ‘Baynes’ rule’, which is a modification of Lipinski's ‘rule of five’ to screen out solutes that were not qualified for the study. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2012 journal article

Challenges obtaining a biowaiver for topical veterinary dosage forms

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 35(SUPPL. 1), 103–114.

By: R. Baynes n, J. Riviere n, T. Franz, N. Monteiro Riviere n, P. Lehman, M. Peyrou*, P. Toutain*

Contributors: R. Baynes n, J. Riviere n, T. Franz, N. Monteiro-Riviere n, P. Lehman, M. Peyrou*, P. Toutain*

MeSH headings : Administration, Topical; Animals; Dosage Forms; Drug Administration Routes; Legislation, Drug; Species Specificity; Therapeutic Equivalency; Veterinary Drugs / administration & dosage; Veterinary Drugs / chemistry; Veterinary Drugs / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: The focus of this paper is to address several of the challenges associated with determining the BE of these locally acting drugs and critically examine the current technological advances that can act as a surrogate for clinical trials. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2012 journal article

Evaluation of factors important in modeling plasma concentrations of tetracycline hydrochloride administered in water in swine

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH, 73(10), 1641–1649.

By: S. Mason n, G. Almond*, J. Riviere* & R. Baynes*

TL;DR: The factors found to be of importance, combined with knowledge of the individual pharmacokinetic and chemical properties of medications currently approved for administration in water, may be useful in more prudent administration of approved medications administered to swine. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2012 journal article

Pharmacokinetics and tissue elimination of tulathromycin following subcutaneous administration in meat goats

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH, 73(10), 1634–1640.

By: J. Romanet n, G. Smith n, T. Leavens n, R. Baynes n, S. Wetzlich n, J. Riviere n, L. Tell n

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Disaccharides / blood; Disaccharides / pharmacokinetics; Female; Goats / blood; Goats / metabolism; Heterocyclic Compounds / blood; Heterocyclic Compounds / pharmacokinetics; Injections, Subcutaneous / veterinary; Male; Tandem Mass Spectrometry / veterinary; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution
TL;DR: The tissue depletion profile of tulathromycin was determined and an appropriate slaughter withdrawal interval in meat goats after multiple SC injections of the drug was determined. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2012 article

Quantitative Risk Assessment Methods for Cancer and Noncancer Effects

TOXICOLOGY AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS, Vol. 112, pp. 259–283.

By: R. Baynes n

MeSH headings : Hazardous Substances / toxicity; Humans; Models, Chemical; Neoplasms / pathology; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; Risk Assessment / methods; Risk Factors
TL;DR: This chapter briefly describes some of the approaches as described in the guidance documents from several of the regulatory agencies as it pertains to hazard identification and dose-response assessment of a chemical. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2012 journal article

Use of population pharmacokinetic modeling and Monte Carlo simulation to capture individual animal variability in the prediction of flunixin withdrawal times in cattle

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 36(3), 248–257.

By: H. Wu n, R. Baynes n, T. Leavens n, L. Tell* & J. Riviere*

MeSH headings : Algorithms; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / administration & dosage; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacokinetics; Cattle / blood; Clonixin / administration & dosage; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / pharmacokinetics; Computer Simulation; Drug Administration Routes; Drug Residues / pharmacokinetics; Female; Liver / metabolism; Male; Models, Biological; Monte Carlo Method
TL;DR: This study questions the use of small groups of healthy animals to determine WDTs for drugs intended for administration to large diverse populations and may warrant a reevaluation of the current procedure for establishing WDT to prevent violative residues of flunixin. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 journal article

Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict tulathromycin distribution in goats

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, 35(2), 121–131.

By: T. Leavens n, L. Tell, K. Clothier, R. Griffith, R. Baynes* & J. Riviere*

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Computer Simulation; Disaccharides / blood; Disaccharides / pharmacokinetics; Goats / blood; Goats / metabolism; Heterocyclic Compounds / blood; Heterocyclic Compounds / pharmacokinetics; Models, Biological; Sensitivity and Specificity; Software; Tissue Distribution
TL;DR: The developed model and compilation of physiological parameters for goats provide initial tools that can be used as a basis for predicting withdrawal times of drugs in this minor species. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 journal article

Hot topic: Milk and plasma disposition of thymol following intramammary administration of a phytoceutical mastitis treatment

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 94(4), 1738–1743.

By: C. McPhee n, K. Anderson n, J. Yeatts n, S. Mason*, B. Barlow n & R. Baynes n

author keywords: Phyto-Mast; organic production; thymol; mastitis treatment
MeSH headings : Angelica sinensis; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local / analysis; Anti-Infective Agents, Local / blood; Anti-Infective Agents, Local / therapeutic use; Dairying / methods; Drug Administration Routes; Drug Residues / analysis; Female; Gaultheria; Glycyrrhiza uralensis; Goats; Mammary Glands, Animal / metabolism; Mastitis / drug therapy; Mastitis / metabolism; Mastitis / veterinary; Milk / chemistry; Phytotherapy / veterinary; Pilot Projects; Thymol / analysis; Thymol / blood; Thymol / therapeutic use; Thymus Plant
TL;DR: This study developed an assay to quantify thymol (one of the active ingredients in Phyto-Mast), a plant-based mastitis treatment used on organic dairy farms, in milk and plasma using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 journal article

Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin after single and multiple subcutaneous injections in domestic goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, 34(5), 448–454.

By: K. Clothier*, T. Leavens n, R. Griffith*, S. Wetzlich*, R. Baynes n, J. Riviere n, L. Tell*

MeSH headings : Aging; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Area Under Curve; Disaccharides / administration & dosage; Disaccharides / blood; Disaccharides / pharmacokinetics; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Goats / blood; Half-Life; Heterocyclic Compounds / administration & dosage; Heterocyclic Compounds / blood; Heterocyclic Compounds / pharmacokinetics; Male
TL;DR: Overall, pharmacokinetic parameters in goats are similar to those reported in cattle and swine, and tulathromycin may prove a useful drug for treating respiratory disease in goats. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 journal article

Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin following subcutaneous administration in meat goats

RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 90(3), 477–479.

By: G. Young n, G. Smith n, T. Leavens n, S. Wetzlich*, R. Baynes n, S. Mason n, J. Riviere n, L. Tell*

author keywords: Tulathromycin; Goats; Pharmacokinetics; Respiratory disease; Antibiotics
MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Disaccharides / administration & dosage; Disaccharides / blood; Disaccharides / pharmacokinetics; Goats / blood; Goats / metabolism; Half-Life; Heterocyclic Compounds / administration & dosage; Heterocyclic Compounds / blood; Heterocyclic Compounds / pharmacokinetics; Injections, Subcutaneous / veterinary; Tandem Mass Spectrometry / veterinary
TL;DR: The pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin after a single 2.5 mg/kg SC injection in goats were very similar to what has been previously reported in cattle. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 journal article

Tulathromycin assay validation and tissue residues after single and multiple subcutaneous injections in domestic goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, 35(2), 113–120.

By: K. Clothier*, T. Leavens*, R. Griffith, S. Wetzlich, R. Baynes*, J. Riviere*, L. Tell

MeSH headings : Adipose Tissue; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Disaccharides / administration & dosage; Disaccharides / blood; Disaccharides / pharmacokinetics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Residues; Female; Goats / metabolism; Heterocyclic Compounds / administration & dosage; Heterocyclic Compounds / blood; Heterocyclic Compounds / pharmacokinetics; Infusions, Subcutaneous; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Reproducibility of Results; Tissue Distribution
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that tissue levels in goats are very similar to those seen in swine and cattle, and below limit of quantification in injection site and lung by day 18 and in liver, kidney, muscle, and fat at all time points. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 journal article

Disposition of melamine residues in blood and milk from dairy goats exposed to an oral bolus of melamine

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 48(8-9), 2542–2546.

By: R. Baynes n, B. Barlow n, S. Mason n & J. Riviere n

author keywords: Triazines; Melamine; Ruminants; Pharmacokinetics
MeSH headings : Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dairying; Female; Food Contamination; Goats / metabolism; Half-Life; Linear Models; Mass Spectrometry; Milk / chemistry; Tissue Distribution; Triazines / blood; Triazines / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: The pharmacokinetics of melamine in ruminants is not predictive from monogastrics and milk from similarly exposed animals should be condemned for at least 4days after the last exposure to avoid violation of proposed MRLs or safe levels for milk. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 journal article

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model linking plasma protein binding interactions with drug disposition

RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 86(2), 293–301.

By: J. Buur n, R. Baynes n, G. Smith n & J. Riviere n

author keywords: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic; model (PBPK); Drug-drug interaction; Plasma protein binding; Sulfamethazine; Flunixin meglumine
MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Infective Agents / blood; Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacokinetics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / blood; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacokinetics; Blood Proteins / metabolism; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / blood; Clonixin / pharmacokinetics; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Models, Biological; Pharmacokinetics; Protein Binding; Sulfamethazine / blood; Sulfamethazine / pharmacokinetics; Swine / blood; Swine / metabolism; Tissue Distribution
TL;DR: A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed that links plasma protein binding interactions to drug disposition for SMZ and FLU in swine and predicted a sustained decrease in total drug and a temporary increase in free drug concentration. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 journal article

Dermal Permeation of Biocides and Aromatic Chemicals in Three Generic Formulations of Metalworking Fluids

JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES, 72(13), 832–841.

By: V. Vijay n, E. White*, M. Kaminski*, J. Riviere n & R. Baynes n

MeSH headings : Animals; Complex Mixtures / chemistry; Disinfectants / chemistry; Disinfectants / pharmacokinetics; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / chemistry; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / pharmacokinetics; Metallurgy; Occupational Exposure; Permeability; Skin Absorption / drug effects; Swine
TL;DR: Data from this study show that permeation of chemicals is higher in a generic synthetic MWF when compared to a soluble oil MWF, which indicates that a solubleOil MWF may be safer than a syntheticMWF in regard to dermal permeations of chemicals to allow for an increased potential of systemic toxicity. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 journal article

Elimination kinetics of tilmicosin following intramammary administration in lactating dairy cattle

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 234(2), 245–248.

By: G. Smith n, J. Davis*, R. Baynes*, J. Yeatts*, B. Barlow* & J. Riviere*

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / analysis; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / veterinary; Drug Residues / analysis; Female; Infusions, Parenteral / veterinary; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal / metabolism; Mastitis, Bovine / drug therapy; Mastitis, Bovine / metabolism; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Milk / chemistry; Prospective Studies; Tylosin / administration & dosage; Tylosin / analogs & derivatives; Tylosin / analysis; Tylosin / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: Findings indicated that tilmicosin should not be administered by the intramammary route in lactating dairy cows, and milk from all glands of any cows accidentally treated should be discarded for a minimum of 82 days following intramamsary administration. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 journal article

Pharmacology of tetracycline water medication in swine

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 87(10), 3179–3186.

By: S. Mason n, R. Baynes*, G. Almond*, J. Riviere* & A. Scheidt

author keywords: pharmacokinetics; plasma concentration; swine; tetracycline; water medication
MeSH headings : Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests / veterinary; Random Allocation; Swine / metabolism; Tetracycline / administration & dosage; Tetracycline / blood; Tetracycline / pharmacokinetics; Tetracycline / urine
TL;DR: The study showed that tetracycline oral bioavailability is very small and the dose response curve shows that concentrations of plasma tetrACYcline increase linearly, yet not in a 1 to 1 ratio, to the direct increase in water medication dose. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 journal article

Selection of Appropriate Training Set of Chemicals for Modeling Dermal Permeability Using Uniform Coverage Design

QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE, 28(11-12), 1478–1486.

By: V. Vijay n, R. Baynes n, S. Young* & J. Riviere n

author keywords: Skin absorption; LSER; Diverse chemical selection; QSAR; Modeling; Medicinal chemistry; Toxicology
TL;DR: Graphical plot of the principal components demonstrated that currently used training set of chemicals have narrow representation of parent dataset whereas the selected training set have appropriate representation in terms of chemical space. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 article

Update on drugs prohibited from extralabel use in food animals

Davis, J. L., Smith, G. W., Baynes, R. E., Tell, L. A., Webb, A. I., & Riviere, J. E. (2009, September 1). JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Vol. 235, pp. 528–534.

By: J. Davis n, G. Smith n, R. Baynes n, L. Tell, A. Webb* & J. Riviere n

MeSH headings : Animals; Animals, Domestic; Food / standards; Legislation, Drug; Legislation, Veterinary; United States; Veterinary Drugs
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 article

Water-flow variation and pharmacoepidemiology of tetracycline hydrochloride administration via drinking water in swine finishing farms

Dorr, P. M., Nemechek, M. S., Scheidt, A. B., Baynes, R. E., Gebreyes, W. A., & Almond, G. W. (2009, August 1). JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Vol. 235, pp. 299–304.

By: P. Dorr, M. Nemechek*, A. Scheidt, R. Baynes*, W. Gebreyes & G. Almond*

MeSH headings : Animal Husbandry / instrumentation; Animal Husbandry / methods; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / veterinary; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drinking / physiology; Drinking Behavior; Swine / blood; Swine / physiology; Tetracycline / administration & dosage; Tetracycline / blood; Water / chemistry
TL;DR: Medication of pigs with tetracycline through water as performed in this study had questionable therapeutic value and many factors affected drinker flow rates and therefore the amount of medication pigs might have received. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 article

A solvatochromatic approach to quantifying formulation effects on dermal permeability

SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, Vol. 19, pp. 615–630.

By: R. Baynes n, X. Xia n, V. Vijay n & J. Riviere n

author keywords: mixtures; skin; membrane-coated fiber; solvation energy
MeSH headings : Animals; Ethanol / metabolism; Models, Theoretical; Permeability / drug effects; Phenol / metabolism; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Solvents / metabolism; Swine; Toxicology / methods; Water / metabolism
TL;DR: This research demonstrated that formulation-specific strength coefficients predicted changes in the dermal permeability of phenolic compounds when formulated with commercial metal-working fluid formulations or 50% ethanol and that these effects can be modeled within the context of a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER). (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 chapter

Animal skin morphology and dermal absorption

In M. S. Roberts & K. A. Walters (Eds.), Dermal absorption and toxicity assessment (2nd ed., pp. 17–35). New York: Informa Healthcare.

By: N. Monteiro-Riviere, R. Baynes & J. Riviere

Ed(s): M. Roberts & K. Walters

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

Application of linear solvation energy relationships to a custom-made polyaniline solid-phase microextraction fiber and three commercial fibers

JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A, 1188(2), 108–117.

By: J. Yeatts n, R. Baynes n, X. Xia n & J. Riviere n

author keywords: polyaniline; solid-phase microextraction; biocides; linear solvation energy relationships; metal core fiber; partition coefficients
MeSH headings : Acrylic Resins / chemistry; Aniline Compounds / chemistry; Dimethylpolysiloxanes / chemistry; Disinfectants / chemistry; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Polyethylene Glycols / chemistry; Reproducibility of Results; Solid Phase Microextraction / methods; Thermodynamics
TL;DR: The LSER study showed that the system properties having the greatest influence on log K were ease of cavity formation and hydrogen bond donating ability, and showed that all four fibers offer a unique environment for solute partitioning. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
7. Affordable and Clean Energy (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

Estimating meat withdrawal times in pigs exposed to melamine contaminated feed using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model

REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 51(3), 324–331.

By: J. Buur n, R. Baynes* & J. Riviere*

author keywords: PBPK; melamine; rat; porcine; meat withdrawal time; feed contaminants
MeSH headings : Animal Feed / adverse effects; Animal Feed / analysis; Animals; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Residues / analysis; Food Contamination / prevention & control; Male; Meat Products; Models, Biological; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Reproducibility of Results; Resins, Synthetic / pharmacokinetics; Swine; Time Factors; Triazines / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for melamine was developed for rats and extrapolated to pigs, providing evidence of the usefulness in species extrapolation over a range of dosing scenarios and can be used to protect the food supply after accidental exposure in the face of little in the target species. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

Quantification of chemical mixture interactions modulating dermal absorption using a multiple membrane fiber array

CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY, 21(3), 591–599.

By: R. Baynes n, X. Xia n, M. Irman & J. Riviere n

MeSH headings : Algorithms; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Complex Mixtures / toxicity; Energy Transfer; Ethanol; Membranes, Artificial; Models, Biological; Regression Analysis; Skin Absorption / drug effects; Solvents
TL;DR: The utility of a three-membrane-coated fiber array to adequately predict changes in dermal permeability when skin is exposed to mixtures containing either a surfactant or a solvent is demonstrated and some insight is provided into the nature of the physiochemical interactions that modulate dermal absorptions. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

Sulfamethazine water medication pharmacokinetics and contamination in a commercial pig production unit

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION, 71(3), 584–589.

By: S. Mason n, R. Baynes*, J. Buur*, J. Riviere* & G. Almond*

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Infective Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacokinetics; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods; Consumer Product Safety; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Residues / analysis; Food Contamination / analysis; Half-Life; Humans; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Pilot Projects; Sulfamethazine / administration & dosage; Sulfamethazine / pharmacokinetics; Swine / metabolism; Water / chemistry
TL;DR: Plasma levels in pigs treated with an oral bolus, which is equivalent to the total drug consumed within a 24-h period, achieved therapeutic concentrations and noncompartmental-based pharmacokinetic model parameters were consistent with previously published values in swine. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

Vehicle effects on in vitro transdermal absorption of sevoflurane in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 25(3), 373–379.

By: A. Ardente n, B. Barlow n, P. Burns*, R. Goldman n & R. Baynes n

author keywords: amphibian; dermal; sevofluame; in vitro; permeability
TL;DR: The flux-time profiles suggest that sevoflurane diffusion in bullfrog skin may be positively influenced by PLO, and future in vivo studies are required to assess sev ofLurane retention after removal of these formulations to more accurately control the plane of anesthesia in amphibians. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

A system coefficient approach for quantitative assessment of the solvent effects on membrane absorption from chemical mixtures

SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 18(5-6), 579–593.

By: X. Xia n, R. Baynes n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n & J. Riviere n

Contributors: X. Xia n, R. Baynes n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n & J. Riviere n

author keywords: membrane absorption; chemical mixtures; solvent effects; system coefficient approach; solute descriptors
MeSH headings : Absorption; Dimethylpolysiloxanes / chemistry; Dimethylpolysiloxanes / metabolism; Kinetics; Membranes, Artificial; Models, Biological; Models, Chemical; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Regression Analysis; Silicones / chemistry; Silicones / metabolism; Solvents / chemistry
TL;DR: A system coefficient approach is proposed for quantitative assessment of the solvent effects on membrane absorption from chemical mixtures using Polydimethylsiloxane membrane-coated fibres and 32 probe compounds to demonstrate the proposed approach. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

An experimentally based approach for predicting skin permeability of chemicals and drugs using a membrane-coated fiber array

TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY, 221(3), 320–328.

By: X. Xia n, R. Baynes*, N. Monteiro-Riviere* & J. Riviere*

Contributors: X. Xia n, R. Baynes*, N. Monteiro-Riviere* & J. Riviere*

author keywords: skin permeability; predictive model; membrane-coated fiber; distribution coefficients; percutaneous absorption
MeSH headings : Algorithms; Complex Mixtures / chemistry; Complex Mixtures / pharmacokinetics; Forecasting; Humans; Membranes, Artificial; Models, Biological; Organic Chemicals / chemistry; Organic Chemicals / pharmacokinetics; Permeability; Pharmaceutical Preparations / chemistry; Pharmaceutical Preparations / metabolism; Reproducibility of Results; Skin / metabolism; Skin Absorption / drug effects; Structure-Activity Relationship
TL;DR: The MCF array approach is an experimentally based, high throughput approach that provides high prediction confidence and does not require literature data nor molecular structure information in contrast to the existing predictive models. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 article

Current update on drugs for game bird species

Needham, M. L., Webb, A. I., Baynes, R. E., Riviere, J. E., Craigmill, A. L., & Tell, L. A. (2007, November 15). JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Vol. 231, pp. 1506–1508.

By: M. Needham*, A. Webb, R. Baynes*, J. Riviere*, A. Craigmill* & L. Tell

MeSH headings : Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Bird Diseases / drug therapy; Birds; Consumer Product Safety; Drug Residues / analysis; Drug Utilization Review; Food Contamination / prevention & control; Legislation, Drug; Legislation, Veterinary; Meat / standards; Species Specificity; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Veterinary Drugs / pharmacokinetics; Veterinary Drugs / therapeutic use
TL;DR: The purpose of this digest is to familiarize veterinarians with the few drugs that are approved for use in game birds and to provide information on the status of ELDU in these species. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Membrane-coated fiber array approach for predicting skin permeability of chemical mixtures from different vehicles

Toxicological Sciences, 99(1), 153–161.

By: J. Riviere n, R. Baynes* & X. Xia*

TL;DR: The results suggested that the experimentally based MCF array approach can be used to predict skin absorption from chemical mixtures in different vehicles or formulations. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Partitioning behavior of aromatic components in jet fuel into diverse membrane-coated fibers

JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES, 70(22), 1879–1887.

By: R. Baynes n, X. Xia*, B. Barlow* & J. Riviere*

MeSH headings : 1-Octanol / chemistry; Acrylic Resins / chemistry; Culture Media / chemistry; Dimethylpolysiloxanes / chemistry; Ethanol / chemistry; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / chemistry; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / metabolism; Membranes, Artificial; Models, Biological; Polyethylene Glycols / chemistry; Skin Absorption; Water / chemistry
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a single or multiple set of MCF fibers may be used as a surrogate for octanol/water systems and skin to assess partitioning behavior of nine aromatic components frequently formulated with jet fuels. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Pharmacokinetics of melamine in pigs following intravenous administration

Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(3), 1196–1200.

By: R. Baynes n, G. Smith n, S. Mason n, E. Barrett n, B. Barlow n & J. Riviere n

MeSH headings : Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Infusions, Intravenous; Kidney / metabolism; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Swine; Triazines / administration & dosage; Triazines / blood; Triazines / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: The pharmacokinetic parameters for melamine obtained in pigs are comparable to the only mammalian study in rats and suggests that melamine is readily cleared by the kidney and there is unlikely to be significant tissue binding. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Predicting dermal permeability of biocides in commercial cutting fluids using a LSER approach

Toxicology Letters, 175(1-3), 34–43.

By: V. Vijay, J. Yeatts, J. Riviere & R. Baynes

Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Predicting dermal permeability of biocides in commercial cutting fluids using a LSER approach

Toxicology Letters, 175(1-3), 34–43.

By: V. Vijay n, J. Yeattsjr n, J. Riviere n & R. Baynes n

author keywords: dermal permeability; biocides; solvatochromic parameters; LSER; cutting fluids
MeSH headings : Animals; Disinfectants / metabolism; Forecasting; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Industrial Oils; Metallurgy; Models, Biological; Phenols / metabolism; Skin Absorption; Swine; Xylenes / metabolism
TL;DR: The LSER approach adequately predicted the dermal permeability of four biocides in commercial cutting fluids and also shed light on the chemical interactions resulting in reduced permeability. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 28, 2020

2007 report

Quantitating the absorption, partitioning and toxicity of hydrocarbon components of JP-8 jet fuel

(Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics Grant No. FA9550-04-1-0376).

By: J. Riviere, N. Monteiro-Riviere, R. Baynes & X. Xia

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Regression method of the hydrophobicity for determining octanol/water partition ruler approach coefficients of very hydrophobic compounds

CHEMOSPHERE, 66(6), 1086–1093.

By: X. Kong n, D. Shea n, R. Baynes n, J. Riviere n & X. Xia n

Contributors: X. Kong n, D. Shea n, R. Baynes n, J. Riviere n & X. Xia n

author keywords: octanol/water partition coefficient; hydrophobic compound; indirect method; regression method; hydrophobicity
MeSH headings : Calibration; Dimethylpolysiloxanes; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Kinetics; Methanol; Models, Chemical; Octanols; Polychlorinated Biphenyls / chemistry; Regression Analysis; Silicones; Water
TL;DR: A regression method was developed for the hydrophobicity ruler approach, which is an indirect method for determining the octanol/water partition coefficients of very hydrophobic compounds by regression of the absorption data sampled before the partition equilibrium. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 journal article

Application of risk assessment and management principles to the extralabel use of drugs in food-producing animals

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, 29(1), 5–14.

By: R. Gehring n, R. Baynes* & J. Riviere*

MeSH headings : Animals; Decision Trees; Drug Labeling; Drug Residues / adverse effects; Europe; Humans; Legislation, Food; Meat / analysis; Risk Assessment; United States; Veterinary Drugs / administration & dosage; Veterinary Drugs / adverse effects; Veterinary Drugs / analysis
TL;DR: This review describes how risk assessment principles can be extended to evaluate the risks posed by different classes of extralabel drug use and risk management practices in the United States and Europe are summarized and contrasted to illustrate the application of these principles. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 journal article

Dermatotoxicity of cutting fluid mixtures: In vitro and in vivo studies

CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY, 25(4), 235–247.

By: N. Monteiro-Riviere n, A. Inman*, B. Barlow* & R. Baynes*

Contributors: N. Monteiro-Riviere n, A. Inman*, B. Barlow* & R. Baynes*

author keywords: alkylbenzene sulfonate; cutting fluids; HEK; mixtures; ricinoleic acid; triazine; triethanolamine
MeSH headings : Animals; Cell Survival / drug effects; Cells, Cultured; Dermatitis, Contact / etiology; Dermatitis, Contact / metabolism; Dermatitis, Contact / pathology; Dermatitis, Occupational / etiology; Dermatitis, Occupational / metabolism; Dermatitis, Occupational / pathology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8 / metabolism; Kidney / cytology; Kidney / drug effects; Kidney / embryology; Metallurgy; Mineral Oil / pharmacokinetics; Mineral Oil / toxicity; Occupational Exposure; Skin / drug effects; Skin / metabolism; Skin / pathology; Skin Absorption; Swine
TL;DR: Preliminary studies suggest that the biocide, TRI, is the more potent of the 4 performance additives in causing dermal irritation, and this may vary depending on whether the worker is exposed to a synthetic (PEG)- or MO-based fluid. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 journal article

Percutaneous malathion absorption by anuran skin in flow-through diffusion cells

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 22(3), 255–262.

By: S. Willens n, M. Stoskopf*, R. Baynes*, G. Lewbart*, S. Taylor & S. Kennedy-Stoskopf*

author keywords: organophosphorous; pesticide; bullfrog; Rana catesbeiana; marine toad; Bufo marinus
TL;DR: Malathion absorption was greater across the ventral skin compared to dorsal skin in both bullfrogs and marine toads and was considered a potentially important route of environmental exposure to OP compounds for amphibians, especially in aquatic environments. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
14. Life Below Water (OpenAlex)
15. Life on Land (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 journal article

Percutaneous malathion absorption in the harvested perfused anuran pelvic limb

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 22(3), 263–267.

By: S. Willens n, M. Stoskopf n, R. Baynes n, G. Lewbart n, S. Taylor* & S. Kennedy-Stoskopf n

author keywords: organophosphorous; pesticide; bullfrog; Rana catesbeiana; marine toad; Bufo marinus
TL;DR: The harvested perfused anuran pelvic limb (HPAPL) model maintains the anatomic and physiologic integrity of the skin from the pelvic limb, including the intact capillary network, and is an appropriate in vitro model for examining cutaneous absorption kinetics in the bullfrog. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
15. Life on Land (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 journal article

Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in swine after intravenous dosing

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, 29(5), 437–440.

By: J. Buur n, R. Baynes n, G. Smith n & J. Riviere n

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / blood; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / metabolism; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacokinetics; Area Under Curve; Clonixin / analogs & derivatives; Clonixin / blood; Clonixin / metabolism; Clonixin / pharmacokinetics; Half-Life; Injections, Intravenous; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Protein Binding; Swine
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 journal article

Use of probabilistic modeling within a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict sulfamethazine residue withdrawal times in edible tissues in swine

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 50(7), 2344–2351.

By: J. Buur n, R. Baynes n, G. Smith n & J. Riviere n

MeSH headings : Animals; Animals, Domestic / metabolism; Drug Residues / pharmacokinetics; Female; Legislation, Drug; Legislation, Veterinary; Meat; Models, Statistical; Monte Carlo Method; Predictive Value of Tests; Sulfamethazine / administration & dosage; Sulfamethazine / pharmacokinetics; Swine / metabolism; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Veterinary Drugs / administration & dosage; Veterinary Drugs / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: Probabilistic modeling techniques incorporated into a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model were used to predict the amounts of sulfamethazine residues in edible tissues in swine to calculate the withdrawal time by using the tolerance limit algorithm designed by FDA. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 journal article

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of organophosphate dermal absorption

TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 89(1), 188–204.

By: D. Merwe n, J. Brooks n, R. Gehring n, R. Baynes n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n & J. Riviere n

Contributors: D. Merwe n, J. Brooks n, R. Gehring n, R. Baynes n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n & J. Riviere n

author keywords: dermal absorption; PBPK model; parathion; fenthion; methyl parathion
MeSH headings : Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fenthion / pharmacokinetics; In Vitro Techniques; Insecticides / pharmacokinetics; Methyl Parathion / pharmacokinetics; Models, Biological; Organothiophosphorus Compounds / pharmacokinetics; Parathion / pharmacokinetics; Risk Assessment; Skin / metabolism; Skin Absorption / physiology; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Solubility; Swine
TL;DR: The similarity between the overall shapes of the experimental and model-predicted flux/time curves and the successful simulation of altered system conditions for this series of small, lipophilic compounds indicated that the absorption processes were successfully simulated important aspects of dermal absorption in flow-through cells. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 journal article

Analysis of diltiazem in Lipoderm (R) transdermal gel using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography applied to homogenization and stability studies

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS, 38(1), 60–65.

By: J. Buur n, R. Baynes*, J. Yeatts*, G. Davidson* & T. DeFrancesco*

author keywords: diltiazem; reverse-phase liquid chromatography; transdermal gel; drug stability; compounded drug analysis
MeSH headings : Calcium Channel Blockers / analysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods; Diltiazem / analysis; Drug Stability; Gels; Pharmaceutical Preparations / chemistry; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results
TL;DR: A simple and novel method for the extraction and quantification of diltiazem hydrochloride was developed and applied to homogenization and stability studies and showed excellent linearity from 50 to 250 mg/ml in undiluted gel. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 journal article

Development of a physiologic-based pharmacokinetic model for estimating sulfamethazine concentrations in swine and application to prediction of violative residues in edible tissues

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH, 66(10), 1686–1693.

By: J. Buur n, R. Baynes*, A. Craigmill & J. Riviere*

MeSH headings : Adipose Tissue / metabolism; Animals; Injections, Intravenous / veterinary; Kidney / metabolism; Liver / metabolism; Models, Biological; Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism; Sulfamethazine / administration & dosage; Sulfamethazine / blood; Sulfamethazine / pharmacokinetics; Swine / metabolism; Tissue Distribution
TL;DR: Use of this model enabled accurate prediction of sulfamethazine pharmacokinetics in swine and has applications for food safety and prediction of drug residues in edible tissues. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 journal article

Effect of in vivo jet fuel exposure on subsequent in vitro dermal absorption of individual aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon fuel constituents

JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES, 68(9), 719–737.

By: F. Muhammad n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n, R. Baynes n & J. Riviere n

Contributors: F. Muhammad n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n, R. Baynes n & J. Riviere n

MeSH headings : Animals; Female; Hydrocarbons / pharmacokinetics; Hydrocarbons / pharmacology; Permeability / drug effects; Skin Absorption / drug effects; Swine
TL;DR: It is suggested that the preexposure of skin to jet fuel enhances the subsequent in vitro percutaneous absorption of HC, so single-dose absorption data for jet fuel HC from naive skin may not be optimal to predict the toxic potential for repeated exposures. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 journal article

Membrane uptake kinetics of jet fuel aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions studied by a membrane-coated fiber technique

TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS, 15(4), 307–316.

By: X. Xia n, R. Baynes n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n & J. Riviere n

Contributors: X. Xia n, R. Baynes n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n & J. Riviere n

author keywords: uptake kinetics; membrane-coated fiber; partition coefficient; jet fuel; aromatic hydrocarbons
TL;DR: The results suggest that the MCF technique can detect subtle differences in molecular interactions of the two group derivatives between the two membrane/water systems and may be used to study the absorption and permeation properties of closely related compounds. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 journal article

Multivariate meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic studies of ampicillin trihydrate in cattle

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH, 66(1), 108–112.

By: R. Gehring n, D. Merwe, A. Pierce, R. Baynes*, A. Craigmill* & J. Riviere*

MeSH headings : Ampicillin / pharmacokinetics; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics; Cattle / metabolism; Cluster Analysis; Multivariate Analysis
TL;DR: Meta-analysis was successful in detecting a potential subpopulation of cattle for which factors that explained differences in pharmacokinetic parameters could be identified. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 journal article

Pre-treatment effects of trichloroethylene on the dermal absorption of the biocide, triazine

TOXICOLOGY LETTERS, 159(3), 252–260.

By: R. Baynes n, J. Yeatts*, J. Brooks* & J. Riviere*

author keywords: triazine; skin; TCE; cutting fluids
MeSH headings : Animals; Diffusion Chambers, Culture; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Metallurgy; Permeability; Skin / drug effects; Skin / metabolism; Skin Absorption / drug effects; Swine; Triazines / pharmacokinetics; Trichloroethylene / pharmacology
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that TCE pre-treatment can significantly alter the dermal permeability to triazine, and workers who are chronically exposed to this or similar cleansers may be at increased risk of absorbing related skin irritants. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

A Compartment Model for the Membrane-Coated Fiber Technique Used for Determining the Absorption Parameters of Chemicals into Lipophilic Membranes

Pharmaceutical Research, 21(8), 1345–1352.

By: X. Xia n, R. Baynes n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n & J. Riviere n

Contributors: X. Xia n, R. Baynes n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n & J. Riviere n

author keywords: absorption kinetics; lipophilic membrane; membrane-coated fiber; partition coefficient; uptake rate constant
MeSH headings : Absorption; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / methods; Kinetics; Membranes, Artificial; Models, Biological; Permeability; Pesticides / analysis; Pesticides / chemistry; Reproducibility of Results; Solubility
TL;DR: A compartment model for the membrane-coated fiber (MCF) technique for determining the absorption parameters of chemicals into lipophilic membranes can describe the absorption kinetics of the MCF technique and is a useful tool for the determination of the partition coefficients of Lipophilic compounds when it takes too long for them to reach permeation equilibrium. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

A web-based decision support system to estimate extended withdrawal intervals

COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE, 44(2), 145–151.

By: R. Gehring n, R. Baynes n, J. Wang n, A. Craigmill* & J. Riviere n

author keywords: withdrawal times; extralabel drug use; drug residues; veterinary medicine
TL;DR: A web-based application was developed to facilitate the calculation of extended withdrawal intervals based on information in the databases maintained by members of the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) and using the Extrapolated Withdrawal Interval Estimator (EWE) algorithm. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Characterization of polyacrylate membrane-coated fibers used in chemical absorption studies with programmed thermal treatment and FT-IR microscopy

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 76(14), 4245–4250.

By: X. Xia n, R. Baynes n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n & J. Riviere n

Contributors: X. Xia n, R. Baynes n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n & J. Riviere n

TL;DR: The anhydride formation explained the absorption property of PA MCFs in GC applications where they must be preconditioned at 300 degrees C and suggested that a PA fiber does not preferably absorb polar compounds (with permanent dipole moment); instead, it absorbs preferably aromatic compounds. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Determination of the partition coefficients and absorption kinetic parameters of chemicals in a lipophilic membrane/water system by using a membrane-coated fiber technique

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 24(1), 15–23.

By: X. Xia n, R. Baynes n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n & J. Riviere n

Contributors: X. Xia n, R. Baynes n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n & J. Riviere n

author keywords: absorption kinetics; membrane-coated fiber; diffusion coefficient; partition coefficient; boundary layer
MeSH headings : Absorption / drug effects; Absorption / physiology; Kinetics; Lipid Metabolism; Membranes, Artificial; Organic Chemicals / pharmacokinetics; Water / metabolism
TL;DR: The kinetic model adequately described the absorption kinetics of the MCF technique and suggested that the absorption rate of a very lipophilic compound could be controlled by the boundary layer even though the diffusivity of the compound in the membrane is lower than that in the solution. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Dose related absorption of JP-8 jet fuel hydrocarbons through porcine skin with quantitative structure permeability relationship analysis

TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS, 14(3), 159–166.

By: F. Muhammad n, R. Baynes n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n, X. Xia n & J. Riviere n

Contributors: F. Muhammad n, R. Baynes n, N. Monteiro-Riviere n, X. Xia n & J. Riviere n

author keywords: absorption; GC-SPME; hydrocarbons; jet fuels; porcine skin; QSPR
TL;DR: The findings suggested a dose related increase in absorption for naphthalene and dimethyl naphthaene (DMN) in this solvent system by using their physicochemical parameters. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 article

Drugs approved for small ruminants

Webb, A. I., Baynes, R. E., Craigmill, A. L., Riviere, J. E., & Haskell, S. R. R. (2004, February 15). JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Vol. 224, pp. 520–523.

By: A. Webb*, R. Baynes*, A. Craigmill, J. Riviere* & S. Haskell

MeSH headings : Animals; Camelids, New World; Deer; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Routes / veterinary; Drug Approval; Drug Residues; Goat Diseases / drug therapy; Goats; Legislation, Drug; Legislation, Veterinary; Ruminants; Sheep; Sheep Diseases / drug therapy; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Veterinary Drugs / therapeutic use
TL;DR: Small ruminants are considered to include sheep, goats, deer, and camelids in the United States, and they are all considered minor species under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Elimination kinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride after intramammary administration in lactating dairy cows

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 224(11), 1827–1830.

By: G. Smith n, R. Gehring*, J. Riviere*, J. Yeatts* & R. Baynes*

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local / administration & dosage; Anti-Infective Agents, Local / analysis; Anti-Infective Agents, Local / pharmacokinetics; Cattle; Cephalosporins / administration & dosage; Cephalosporins / analysis; Cephalosporins / pharmacokinetics; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / veterinary; Drug Residues / analysis; Female; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal / metabolism; Mastitis, Bovine / drug therapy; Milk / chemistry; Prospective Studies; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic / veterinary
TL;DR: Ceftiofur administered by the intramammary route as an extra-label treatment for mastitis in dairy cows reaches concentrations in milk greater than the tolerance set by the FDA. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Feasibility of using half-life multipliers to estimate extended withdrawal intervals following the extralabel use of drugs in food-producing animals

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION, 67(3), 555–560.

By: R. Gehring n, R. Baynes n, A. Craigmill* & J. Riviere n

MeSH headings : Algorithms; Animals; Animals, Domestic / metabolism; Drug Residues / analysis; Drug Residues / pharmacokinetics; Food Contamination / prevention & control; Half-Life; Legislation, Drug; Legislation, Veterinary; Meat / analysis; Models, Biological; Time Factors; United States; Veterinary Drugs / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: For the group of drugs investigated, a half-life multiplier of 5 resulted in estimates of extended withdrawal intervals that were potentially inadequate to prevent violative tissue residues for drugs that had relatively long tissue half- Lives, high tolerances, or both. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

In vitro dermal disposition of abarnectin (avermectin B-1) in livestock

RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 76(3), 235–242.

By: R. Baynes n

author keywords: dermal absorption; avemectins; abamectin; formulation; bovine; porcine; caprine; ovine
MeSH headings : Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Cattle / metabolism; Goats / metabolism; In Vitro Techniques; Insecticides / pharmacokinetics; Ivermectin / analogs & derivatives; Ivermectin / pharmacokinetics; Sheep / metabolism; Skin / metabolism; Skin Absorption / physiology; Swine / metabolism
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the alcohol- based formulations compared to oil-based formulations enhanced abamectin absorption and skin deposition in several animal species, and this effect is more likely to be observed in ruminant species than in porcine species. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Mixture additives inhibit the dermal permeation of the fatty acid, ricinoleic acid

Toxicology Letters, 147(1), 15–26.

By: R. Baynes n & J. Riviere n

author keywords: ricinoleic acid; skin; permeability; mixtures
MeSH headings : Alkanesulfonic Acids / chemistry; Alkanesulfonic Acids / pharmacokinetics; Animals; Dimethylpolysiloxanes; Drug Combinations; Ethanolamines / chemistry; Ethanolamines / pharmacokinetics; Female; Industrial Oils; Membranes, Artificial; Organ Culture Techniques; Permeability; Pharmaceutical Vehicles / chemistry; Pharmaceutical Vehicles / pharmacokinetics; Ricinoleic Acids / chemistry; Ricinoleic Acids / pharmacokinetics; Silicones; Skin / drug effects; Skin / metabolism; Skin Absorption; Swine; Triazines / chemistry; Triazines / pharmacokinetics; Tritium
TL;DR: In silastic membranes and porcine skin, individual additives or combination of additives significantly reduced ricinoleic permeability, suggesting that the mixture interaction is more physicochemical in nature and probably not related to the chemical-induced changes in the biological membrane as may be assumed with topical exposures to potentially irritant formulations. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

A novel in-vitro technique for studying percutaneous permeation with a membrane-coated fiber and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Part I. Performances of the technique and determination of the permeation rates and partition coefficients of chemical mixtures

PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH, 20(2), 275–282.

By: X. Xia n, R. Baynes*, N. Monteiro-Riviere*, R. Leidy*, D. Shea* & J. Riviere*

Contributors: X. Xia n, R. Baynes*, N. Monteiro-Riviere*, R. Leidy*, D. Shea* & J. Riviere*

author keywords: in-vitro; percutaneous absorption; membrane-coated fiber; chemical mixtures; partition coefficient
MeSH headings : Administration, Cutaneous; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / instrumentation; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / methods; Membranes, Artificial; Permeability; Pharmaceutical Preparations / analysis; Pharmaceutical Preparations / metabolism
TL;DR: A novel in-vitro technique for rapid assessment of percutaneous absorption of chemical mixtures and the initial permeation rate and equilibrium time can be obtained for each compound, which could serve as characteristic parameters regarding the skin permeability of the compound. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Dermal disposition of triazine in cutting fluid mixtures

JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY, 22(4), 215–229.

By: R. Baynes n, B. Barlow n & J. Riviere n

author keywords: triazine; mixtures; dermal
TL;DR: Assessment of 14C‐triazine membrane transport when topically applied to inert silastic membranes and porcine skin in an in vitro flow‐through diffusion cell system as aqueous mineral oil (MO) or aqueously polyethylene glycol (PEG) mixtures found triazine permeability was significantly enhanced by the complete mixture, especially in PEG‐based mixtures. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Evaluation of the advisory services provided by the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 223(11), 1596–1598.

By: J. Wang n, R. Gehring*, R. Baynes*, A. Webb, C. Whitford, M. Payne, K. Fitzgerald, A. Craigmill, J. Riviere*

MeSH headings : Animal Husbandry; Animals; Consumer Product Safety; Data Collection; Databases, Factual; Drug Approval; Drug Labeling; Drug Residues; Electronic Mail; Food Contamination / prevention & control; Humans; Information Systems; Telephone; United States; Veterinary Drugs / therapeutic use
TL;DR: The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) offers expert-mediated advice on residue avoidance and mitigation for chemical contamination incidents and the extralabel use of drugs. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Percutaneous Absorption of Topical N , N -Diethyl- m -Toluamide (Deet): Effects of Exposure Variables and Coadministered Toxicants

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 66(2), 133–151.

Contributors: J. Riviere n, R. Baynes n, J. Brooks n, J. Yeatts n & N. Monteiro-Riviere n

MeSH headings : Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Chemical Warfare Agents / adverse effects; Chemical Warfare Agents / pharmacokinetics; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; DEET / administration & dosage; DEET / adverse effects; DEET / pharmacokinetics; Drug Interactions; Insect Repellents / administration & dosage; Insect Repellents / adverse effects; Insect Repellents / pharmacokinetics; Isoflurophate / administration & dosage; Isoflurophate / adverse effects; Isoflurophate / pharmacokinetics; Middle East; Military Personnel; Mustard Gas / administration & dosage; Mustard Gas / adverse effects; Mustard Gas / pharmacokinetics; Occupational Exposure; Pyridostigmine Bromide / administration & dosage; Pyridostigmine Bromide / adverse effects; Pyridostigmine Bromide / pharmacokinetics; Skin Absorption; Swine; Warfare
TL;DR: The results suggest that coexposure to a number of chemicals that potentially could be encountered in a military environment may modulate the percutaneous absorption of topically applied DEET beyond that seen for normal vehicles at typically applied concentrations. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
14. Life Below Water (OpenAlex)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: June 27, 2019

2003 journal article

Percutaneous absorption of topical N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET): Effects of exposure variables and coadministered toxicants

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A, 66(2), 133–151.

Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Pyridostigmine bromide modulates topical irritant-induced cytokine release from human epidermal keratinocytes and isolated perfused porcine skin

TOXICOLOGY, 183(1-3), 15–28.

By: N. Monteiro-Riviere n, R. Baynes n & J. Riviere n

Contributors: N. Monteiro-Riviere n, R. Baynes n & J. Riviere n

author keywords: pyridostigmine bromide; skin; cytokines; permethrin; DEET; diisopropylfluorophosphate
MeSH headings : Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cholinesterase Inhibitors / pharmacokinetics; Cholinesterase Inhibitors / toxicity; Cytokines / biosynthesis; Cytokines / metabolism; DEET / administration & dosage; DEET / pharmacokinetics; DEET / toxicity; Dinoprostone / biosynthesis; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Insect Repellents / administration & dosage; Insect Repellents / pharmacokinetics; Insect Repellents / toxicity; Insecticides / administration & dosage; Insecticides / pharmacokinetics; Insecticides / toxicity; Interleukin-8 / biosynthesis; Keratinocytes / drug effects; Keratinocytes / metabolism; Permethrin / administration & dosage; Permethrin / pharmacokinetics; Permethrin / toxicity; Persian Gulf Syndrome / chemically induced; Pyridostigmine Bromide / pharmacokinetics; Pyridostigmine Bromide / toxicity; Skin / drug effects; Skin / metabolism; Skin Absorption / drug effects; Skin Absorption / physiology; Swine; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / biosynthesis
TL;DR: It is suggested that systemic exposure to PB suppressed IL-8 release at multiple time points in two skin model systems, and effects on TNF-alpha and PGE(2) were vehicle dependent. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
14. Life Below Water (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Update on FARAD food animal drug withholding recommendations

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 223(9), 1277–1278.

By: S. Haskell*, R. Gehring, M. Payne, A. Craigmill, A. Webb, R. Baynes*, J. Riviere*

MeSH headings : Animal Husbandry / methods; Animals; Consumer Product Safety; Databases, Factual / statistics & numerical data; Drug Residues / analysis; Meat / analysis; Meat / standards; Veterinary Drugs / pharmacokinetics
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2002 journal article

Analysis of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide in porcine skin perfusates using solid-phase extraction disks and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, 780(1), 45–52.

By: R. Baynes n, J. Yeatts n & J. Riviere n

author keywords: N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide
MeSH headings : Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods; DEET / analysis; Insect Repellents / analysis; Permeability; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Skin / chemistry; Swine
TL;DR: An improved method was developed for determining transdermal diffusion of low levels of DEET following application to an in vitro porcine skin flow-through diffusion cell system and it was determined that DEET permeability in porcines skin was 2.55 x 10(-5)+/-0.54 x 10-5 cm/h. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2002 journal article

Effect of chemical interactions in pentachlorophenol mixtures on skin and membrane transport

TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 69(2), 295–305.

By: R. Baynes n, J. Brooks*, M. Mumtaz & J. Riviere*

author keywords: pentachorophenol; mixtures; interactions; skin; absorption; surfactants; vehicle
MeSH headings : Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Diffusion; Ethanol / pharmacology; In Vitro Techniques; Insecticides / chemistry; Insecticides / pharmacokinetics; Insecticides / toxicity; Membranes / metabolism; Nicotinic Acids / pharmacology; Pentachlorophenol / chemistry; Pentachlorophenol / pharmacokinetics; Pentachlorophenol / toxicity; Permeability / drug effects; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Skin Absorption / drug effects; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / pharmacology; Solvents / pharmacology; Viscosity
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that modification in mixture composition with either a solvent and/or a surfactant can influence PCP diffusion in skin. (via Semantic Scholar)