@article{morgan_desmarais_mitchell_simons-rudolph_2017, title={Posttraumatic Stress, Posttraumatic Growth, and Satisfaction With Life in Military Veterans}, volume={29}, ISSN={0899-5605 1532-7876}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mil0000182}, DOI={10.1037/mil0000182}, abstractNote={Objective: Military veterans are more likely than civilians to experience trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research suggests, however, that some people who experience trauma, including veterans, report posttraumatic growth (PTG), or positive personal changes following adversity. In this study, we tested a comprehensive model of PTG, PTSD, and satisfaction with life in a veteran population, exploring the roles of challenges to core beliefs, types of rumination, sex, and time since event. Method: Data were collected via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, an online crowdsourcing website, from veterans (N = 197) who had experienced a stressful event within the last 3 years (M = 16.66 months, SD = 12.27 months). Structural equation modeling was used to test an integrated conceptual model of PTG, PTSD, and satisfaction with life. Results: Results showed that challenge to core beliefs was directly associated with both deliberate and intrusive rumination. Deliberate rumination was positively related to PTG; intrusive rumination was positively related to symptoms of PTSD. PTG and PTSD, in turn, mediated the relationship between rumination styles and satisfaction with life; PTG was related to higher satisfaction with life; and PTSD was negatively related to satisfaction with life. Results failed to show differences on any model variables as a function of time since event or sex. Conclusion: Results indicate that the intentional facilitation of PTG may be a complementary and alternative option to the reduction of PTSD symptoms for improving satisfaction with life. Findings suggest that efforts to facilitate PTG should be focused on strategies for promoting deliberate rumination.}, number={5}, journal={Military Psychology}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Morgan, Jessica Kelley and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Mitchell, Roger E. and Simons-Rudolph, Joseph M.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={434–447} }
 @article{costello_schulman_mitchell_2009, title={Risk factors for a farm vehicle public road crash}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1879-2057"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.aap.2008.08.029}, abstractNote={Driver, vehicle, public road, and farm enterprise characteristics were examined for their combined association with farm vehicle public road crash group membership. North Carolina farms experiencing a public road crash from 1992 to 2003 (n = 200) were compared with a non-crash control group (n = 185) for a 1:1 case:control ratio. Five characteristics were associated with increased odds of crash group membership in the combined model (likelihood ratio = 175.95; d.f. = 15; p < .001): use of non-English speaking drivers (OR = 3.71); use of non-family hired help drivers (OR = 4.25); types of non-farm vehicle public road use (OR = 1.39); farm injury history (OR = 1.33); and, use of younger farm vehicle drivers (OR = 1.02). Farms reporting older farm vehicle drivers (OR = 0.97), and low farm income (OR = 0.29) were less likely crash group members. Recommendations are discussed for incorporating findings into farm vehicle crash prevention research and interventions.}, number={1}, journal={ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION}, author={Costello, Theresa M. and Schulman, Michael D. and Mitchell, Roger E.}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={42–47} }
 @article{mitchell_fraser_bearon_2007, title={Preventing food-borne illness in food service establishments: Broadening the framework for intervention and research on safe food handling behaviors}, volume={17}, ISSN={["0960-3123"]}, DOI={10.1080/09603120601124371}, abstractNote={Abstract Unsafe food handling practices in food service establishments are a major contributor to the transmission of food-borne illness. However, current worker education and training interventions demonstrate only modest success in changing food service worker behavior. We argue for more ecologically-oriented interventions that address both individual and contextual factors that influence safe food handling behaviors. We describe potential predisposing influences (e.g. knowledge, beliefs concerning risk of food-borne illness, perceived control, self-efficacy), enabling influences (e.g. intensity and quality of training, work pressure and pace, safety procedures and protocols, appropriate equipment) and reinforcing influences (e.g. management enforcement of policies, incentives for safe food handling, job stress and organizational justice) on worker behavior. Efforts to change food service workers' behaviors are more likely to be effective if they pay greater attention to the ecological context, address multiple influences on worker behavior, and view workers as partners in preventing food-borne illness in food service establishments.}, number={1}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH}, author={Mitchell, Roger E. and Fraser, Angela M. and Bearon, Lucille B.}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={9–24} }
 @article{mitchell_ash_mcclelland_2006, title={Nutrition education among low-income older adults: A randomized intervention trial in congregate nutrition sites}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1552-6127"]}, DOI={10.1177/1090198105276212}, abstractNote={ Nutritional well-being among older adults is critical for maintaining health, increasing longevity, and decreasingthe impactofchronicillness. However, few well-controlledstudies have examinednutritionalbehav ior change among low-income older adults. A prospective, controlled, randomized design examined a fivesession nutrition education module delivered to limited-resource older adults ( N = 703) in Congregate Nutrition sites by Cooperative Extensionagents. Experimentalgroupparticipantswere significantly more likely than con trol groupparticipants to increase multivitamin use, to increase calcium supplementuse, to read labels of dietary supplements, to carry a supplement and/or medication list, and to discuss such use with their health care profes sional. The study addresses weaknesses in the literature by using a theoretically derived education component, implementing the intervention within a setting regularly used by low-income older adults, employing random ized assignment to intervention and control conditions, and using hierarchical linear modeling to deal with “nested” data. }, number={3}, journal={HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR}, author={Mitchell, Roger E. and Ash, Sarah L. and McClelland, Jacquelyn W.}, year={2006}, month={Jun}, pages={374–392} }
 @article{goetz_mitchell_2006, title={Pre-arrest/booking drug control strategies: Diversion to treatment, harm reduction, and police involvement}, volume={33}, DOI={10.1177/009145090603300307}, abstractNote={Elements of a “pluralized” drug policy have been emerging in the United States that attempt to augment punishment with an emphasis on enhanced public health and therapeutic measures. While much of this reform involves compulsory treatment diversion, a “middle ground” to reform has involved the use of pre-arrest/booking strategies in support of harm reduction policies and noncompulsory treatment diversion. In this examination of the cities of Baltimore and San Francisco, we argue that such strategies have proven problematic because of the contradictions inherent in pluralized drug control models that attempt to reconcile abstinence and prohibitions against drug use with tolerance and outreach. We identify two primary factors contributing to these contradictions. The first is an emphasis on compulsory treatment diversion mechanisms in the United States, and in the obverse, disagreements over the wisdom of harm reduction in drug policy reform. The second are limitations on the policing role in social outreach, or what we call here “reintegrative” community policing, involving both organizational factors on the part of law enforcement and resistance from community activists and public health agencies.}, number={3}, journal={Contemporary Drug Problems}, author={Goetz, B. and Mitchell, R. E.}, year={2006}, pages={473–520} }
 @article{mitchell_stone-wiggins_stevenson_florin_2004, title={Cultivating Capacity: Outcomes of a Statewide Support System for Prevention Coalitions}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1300/j005v27n02_05}, abstractNote={Abstract Although community coalitions are an increasingly popular mechanism for attempting to change community-wide health, the empirical evidence has been mixed at best. Technical Assistance (TA) efforts have emerged in greater scale in hopes of improving both programming quality as well as the coalition structures supporting such programs. However, this commitment to TA interventions has outstripped our knowledge of optimal ways to deliver such assistance, and its limitations. This study takes advantage of results from a state-wide technical assistance project that generated longitudinal data on 41 health-oriented coalitions. The following questions were addressed: What are the circumstances under which coalitions will utilize available assistance? What are the effects of technical assistance on intermediate community outcomes? The results suggested that coalitions with greater initial “capacity” used more TA. Coalitions with low utilization mentioned difficulty in identifying their TA needs as the salient reason for not pursuing these resources. Over time, there were significant positive changes in coalition effectiveness as perceived by key informants, but these were not influenced by amount of TA.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community}, author={Mitchell, R. E. and Stone-Wiggins, B. and Stevenson, J. F. and Florin, P.}, year={2004}, pages={67–87} }
 @article{wood_read_mitchell_brand_2004, title={Do parents still matter? Parent and peer influences on alcohol involvement among recent high school graduates}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1939-1501"]}, DOI={10.1037/0893-164X.18.1.19}, abstractNote={This study investigated the influences of peer and parent variables on alcohol use and problems in a sample of late adolescents in the summer immediately prior to entry into college. Participants (N = 556) completed a mail survey assessing peer influences (alcohol offers, social modeling, perceived norms), parental behaviors (nurturance, monitoring), and attitudes and values (disapproval for heavy drinking, permissiveness for drinking), and alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated significant associations between both peer and parental influences and alcohol involvement, and showed that parental influences moderated peer-influence-drinking behavior, such that higher levels of perceived parental involvement were associated with weaker relations between peer influences and alcohol use and problems. These findings suggest that parents continue to exert an influential role in late adolescent drinking behavior.}, number={1}, journal={PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS}, author={Wood, MD and Read, JP and Mitchell, RE and Brand, NH}, year={2004}, month={Mar}, pages={19–30} }
 @article{stevenson_mitchell_2003, title={Community level collaboration for substance abuse prevention}, volume={23}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Primary Prevention}, author={Stevenson, J. F. and Mitchell, R. E.}, year={2003}, pages={371–404} }
 @article{goetz_mitchell_2003, title={Community-building and reintegrative approaches to community policing: The case of drug control}, volume={30}, number={1}, journal={Social Justice (San Francisco, Calif.)}, author={Goetz, B. and Mitchell, R.}, year={2003}, pages={222–247} }
 @article{mcclelland_irving_mitchell_bearon_webber_2002, title={Extending the reach of nutrition education for older adults: Feasibility of a Train-the-Trainer approach in congregate nutrition sites}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1878-2620"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60311-4}, abstractNote={Low-income older adults are difficult to reach with nutrition education. This study examines the feasibility of a Train-the-Trainer approach using congregate nutrition site (CNS) managers to deliver nutrition education. The study suggests that CNS managers were receptive to the role of trainer, CNS participants were satisfied with this method, and the acceptability of managers as trainers did not vary with participants' levels of risk of malnutrition. Although the sample size (53 participants and 4 managers) and convenience sampling method limit generalizability, the promising results suggest the potential benefits of this method and the need for further study.}, journal={JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR}, author={McClelland, JW and Irving, LM and Mitchell, RE and Bearon, LB and Webber, KH}, year={2002}, pages={S48–S52} }
 @article{mitchell_florin_stevenson_2002, title={Supporting community-based prevention and health promotion initiatives: Developing effective technical assistance systems}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1552-6127"]}, DOI={10.1177/109019802237029}, abstractNote={As research evidence for the effectiveness of community-based prevention has mounted, so has recognition of the gap between research and community practice. As a result, state and local governments are taking a more active role in building the capacity of community-based organizations to deliver evidence-based prevention interventions. Innovations are taking place in the establishment of technical assistance or support systems to influence the prevention and health education activities of community-based organizations. Several challenges for technical assistance systems are described: (1) setting prevention priorities and allocating limited technical assistance resources, (2) balancing capacity-building versus program dissemination efforts, (3) collaborating across categorical problem areas, (4) designing technical assistance initiatives with enough “dose strength” to have an effect, (5) balancing fidelity versus adaptation in program implementation, (6) building organizational cultures that support innovation, and (7) building local evaluative capacity versus generalizable evaluation findings.}, number={5}, journal={HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR}, author={Mitchell, RE and Florin, P and Stevenson, JF}, year={2002}, month={Oct}, pages={620–639} }
 @article{florian_mitchell_stevenson_klein_2000, title={Predicting intermediate outcomes for prevention coalitions: a developmental perspective}, volume={23}, ISSN={["0149-7189"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0149-7189(00)00022-7}, abstractNote={Longitudinal data from 35 substance abuse prevention coalitions were used to examine whether success in addressing initial coalition developmental tasks predicted intermediate outcomes one year later. Organizational climate, member skill development and coalition linkages predicted key informants’ ratings of coalition effects on community norms, policies, and prevention resources.}, number={3}, journal={EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING}, author={Florian, P and Mitchell, R and Stevenson, J and Klein, I}, year={2000}, month={Aug}, pages={341–346} }
 @article{kingston_mitchell_florin_stevenson_1999, title={Sense of community in neighborhoods as a multi-level construct}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0090-4392"]}, DOI={10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199911)27:6<681::AID-JCOP4>3.0.CO;2-W}, abstractNote={Sense of community is a compelling construct that allows psychologists to examine fundamental questions about how individuals are connected to and influenced by their most important social settings. This investigation uses an existing database of 2,409 residents of 21 neighborhoods in a Northeastern city to examine sense of community at the neighborhood level. The investigation used a cross-levels program to examine whether sense of community can be detected at the neighborhood level. The investigation also tested the strength of the relationship of both neighborhood-level variables (i.e., physical attributes and presence of a grassroots neighborhood association) and individual-level variables (i.e., income and education) on neighborhood-level sense of community. Residents of the same neighborhood were more similar to one another than to residents of a different neighborhood on both the neighborhood-related variables and income and education. When variance attributable to the personal resources of income and education were removed, intraclass correlations for neighborhood-related attitudes (i.e., perceptions of neighborhood climate and perceptions of the ability of neighborhood residents to influence neighborhood conditions) remained significant at an alpha level of .05. However, neighborhood-related behavior (i.e., neighboring behavior and participation in a community organization) was no more similar to residents of the same neighborhood than to residents of a different neighborhood. Neither the presence of a grassroots neighborhood association nor the physical characteristics of neighborhoods examined in the investigation were significantly correlated with a sense of community. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY}, author={Kingston, S and Mitchell, R and Florin, P and Stevenson, J}, year={1999}, month={Nov}, pages={681–694} }
 @article{stevenson_mcmillan_mitchell_blanco_1998, title={Project HOPE: Altering risk and protective factors among high risk Hispanic youth and their families}, volume={18}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Primary Prevention}, author={Stevenson, J. and McMillan, B. and Mitchell, R. E. and Blanco, M.}, year={1998}, pages={287–317} }
 @article{mitchell_florin_stevenson_1996, title={A typology of prevention activities: Applications to community coalitions}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1007/bf02411744}, abstractNote={Use of community coalitions as a strategy for the primary prevention of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug abuse is justified in part on the prospect that these coalitions will mount comprehensive, multi-level, multi-target intervention packages. To judge the success of such coalitions, reliable and valid means for assessing the content and pattern of their overall prevention efforts are required. This article proposes a typology of prevention activities, discusses the logic on which it is based, and provides examples of useful applications in examining community coalition prevention plans. Evidence for reliability and validity is provided through assessments of inter-rater agreement, and the relation of measures of "scope of prevention activities" to independent ratings of comprehensiveness. The typology can be used in research validating the logic model on which prevention coalitions are based, and it is also demonstrably useful for improving the local planning process.}, journal={Journal of Primary Prevention}, author={Mitchell, R. E. and Florin, P. and Stevenson, J. F.}, year={1996}, pages={413–436} }
 @inbook{stevenson_mitchell_florin_1996, title={Evaluation and self-direction in community prevention coalitions}, ISBN={0761900241}, DOI={10.4135/9781452243573.n10}, booktitle={Empowerment evaluation: Knowledge and tools for self-assessment and accountability}, publisher={Beverly Hills, CA: Sage}, author={Stevenson, J. F. and Mitchell, R. E. and Florin, P}, editor={D. Fetterman, S. Kafterian and Wandersman, A.Editors}, year={1996}, pages={208–233} }
 @article{mcmillan_florin_stevenson_kerman_mitchell_1995, title={Empowerment praxis in community coalitions}, volume={23}, ISSN={["0091-0562"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF02506988}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY}, author={McMillan, B and Florin, P and Stevenson, J and Kerman, P and Mitchell, RE}, year={1995}, month={Oct}, pages={699–727} }
 @article{florin_mitchell_stevenson_1993, title={IDENTIFYING TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE NEEDS IN COMMUNITY COALITIONS - A DEVELOPMENTAL-APPROACH}, volume={8}, ISSN={["0268-1153"]}, DOI={10.1093/her/8.3.417}, abstractNote={Journal Article Identifying training and technical assistance needs in community coalitions: a developmental approach Get access Paul Florin, Paul Florin Community Research and Services Team, Department of Psychology, University of Rhode IslandKingston, RI, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roger Mitchell, Roger Mitchell Community Research and Services Team, Department of Psychology, University of Rhode IslandKingston, RI, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John Stevenson John Stevenson Community Research and Services Team, Department of Psychology, University of Rhode IslandKingston, RI, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Health Education Research, Volume 8, Issue 3, September 1993, Pages 417–432, https://doi.org/10.1093/her/8.3.417 Published: 01 September 1993}, number={3}, journal={HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH}, author={FLORIN, P and MITCHELL, R and STEVENSON, J}, year={1993}, month={Sep}, pages={417–432} }
 @inbook{trickett_mitchell_1992, title={An ecological metaphor for research and intervention in community psychology}, booktitle={Community psychology: Theoretical and empirical approaches (2nd ed.)}, publisher={NY: Gardner Press}, author={Trickett, E. J. and Mitchell, R. E.}, editor={Gibbs, M. S. and Lachenmeyer, J. R. and Sigal, J.Editors}, year={1992}, pages={13–28} }
 @inbook{mitchell_1986, title={Consulting with informal care givers: Strengthening informal helping and social support processes}, booktitle={Handbook of mental health consultation}, publisher={Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office}, author={Mitchell, R. E.}, editor={F. V. Mannino, E. Trickett and M. Shore, M. Kidder and Levin, G.Editors}, year={1986}, pages={471–503} }
 @inbook{mitchell_hodson_1986, title={Coping and social support among battered women: An ecological perspective}, ISBN={0891164049}, booktitle={Stress, social support and women}, publisher={NY: Hemisphere Press}, author={Mitchell, R. E. and Hodson, C. A.}, year={1986}, pages={153–169} }
 @article{mitchell_moos_1984, title={DEFICIENCIES IN SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG DEPRESSED-PATIENTS - ANTECEDENTS OR CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS}, volume={25}, ISSN={["0022-1465"]}, DOI={10.2307/2136381}, abstractNote={Although initial research in the stress field has treated stress and support as independent entities, more recent efforts have emphasized their interrelatedness. It has been suggested: (a) that part of the influence of stress on psychological well-being is due to the adverse impact of stressful events and strains in reducing social support; and (b) that social support can have positive, indirect effects on health by reducing the subsequent occurrence of stress. To address these issues, a two-wave, two-variable panel model was used to examine longitudinal relationships between stress and support in a sample of 233 clinically depressed iatients. The results showed that changes in levels of strain and in positive life events were significantly associated with changes in family support over the one year follow-up period. There was less evidence of an effect of social support on negative life change events, ongoing strains, or positive life change events. In addition, analyses are described which examined differences in the pattern of results as a function of: (a) the occurrence of exit or loss events; (b) the timing of events; and (c) the use of nonlinear models.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR}, author={MITCHELL, RE and MOOS, RH}, year={1984}, pages={438–452} }
 @article{finney_mitchell_cronkite_moos_1984, title={METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN ESTIMATING MAIN AND INTERACTIVE EFFECTS - EXAMPLES FROM COPING SOCIAL SUPPORT AND STRESS-FIELD}, volume={25}, ISSN={["0022-1465"]}, DOI={10.2307/2136706}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR}, author={FINNEY, JW and MITCHELL, RE and CRONKITE, RC and MOOS, RH}, year={1984}, pages={85–98} }
 @article{mitchell_hodson_1983, title={COPING WITH DOMESTIC VIOLENCE - SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH AMONG BATTERED WOMEN}, volume={11}, ISSN={["0091-0562"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF00896600}, abstractNote={American Journal of Community PsychologyVolume 11, Issue 6 p. 629-654 Article Coping with domestic violence: Social support and psychological health among battered women Roger E. Mitchell, Corresponding Author Roger E. Mitchell Social Ecology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorChristine A. Hodson, Christine A. Hodson Tri-City Mental Health Center, Fremont, California Family Court Service, Alameda County Hall of Justice, Hayward, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author Roger E. Mitchell, Corresponding Author Roger E. Mitchell Social Ecology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorChristine A. Hodson, Christine A. Hodson Tri-City Mental Health Center, Fremont, California Family Court Service, Alameda County Hall of Justice, Hayward, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 December 1983 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00896600Citations: 223 Preparation of this manuscript was supported in part by NIMH Grant MH08603. The authors wish to thank both the residents and staff members of the shelters who generously gave their time. In addition, we wish to thank Andrew Billings, Ruth Cronkite, Ben Gottlieb, and Ann Peabody for providing comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C., August 1982. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume11, Issue6December 1983Pages 629-654 RelatedInformation}, number={6}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY}, author={MITCHELL, RE and HODSON, CA}, year={1983}, pages={629–654} }
 @article{mitchell_cronkite_moos_1983, title={Stress, coping and depression among married couples}, volume={92}, DOI={10.1037//0021-843x.92.4.433}, journal={Journal of Abnormal Psychology (Washington, D.C.)}, author={Mitchell, R. E. and Cronkite, R. C. and Moos, R. H.}, year={1983}, pages={433–438} }
 @article{gatz_barbarin_tyler_mitchell_moran_wirzbicki_crawford_engelman_1982, title={ENHANCEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY COMPETENCE - THE OLDER ADULT AS COMMUNITY WORKER}, volume={10}, ISSN={["0091-0562"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF00896496}, abstractNote={American Journal of Community PsychologyVolume 10, Issue 3 p. 291-303 Article Enhancement of individual and community competence: The older adult as community worker Margaret Gatz, Margaret Gatz University of Southern California, California, USASearch for more papers by this authorOscar A. Barbarin, Oscar A. Barbarin University of Michigan, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorForrest B. Tyler, Forrest B. Tyler University of Maryland, Maryland, USASearch for more papers by this authorRoger E. Mitchell, Roger E. Mitchell Social Ecology Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, USASearch for more papers by this authorJohn A. Moran, John A. Moran St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, D. C.Search for more papers by this authorPhilip J. Wirzbicki, Philip J. Wirzbicki West Central New Hampshire Community Mental Health Services, Hanover, New HampshireSearch for more papers by this authorJanice Crawford, Janice Crawford Prince George's County Health Department, Cheverly, MarylandSearch for more papers by this authorAnnabel Engelman, Annabel Engelman Prince George's County Health Department, Cheverly, MarylandSearch for more papers by this author Margaret Gatz, Margaret Gatz University of Southern California, California, USASearch for more papers by this authorOscar A. Barbarin, Oscar A. Barbarin University of Michigan, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorForrest B. Tyler, Forrest B. Tyler University of Maryland, Maryland, USASearch for more papers by this authorRoger E. Mitchell, Roger E. Mitchell Social Ecology Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, USASearch for more papers by this authorJohn A. Moran, John A. Moran St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, D. C.Search for more papers by this authorPhilip J. Wirzbicki, Philip J. Wirzbicki West Central New Hampshire Community Mental Health Services, Hanover, New HampshireSearch for more papers by this authorJanice Crawford, Janice Crawford Prince George's County Health Department, Cheverly, MarylandSearch for more papers by this authorAnnabel Engelman, Annabel Engelman Prince George's County Health Department, Cheverly, MarylandSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 June 1982 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00896496Citations: 18 This study was supported by DHEW Administration on Aging grant No. 90-A-520/01 and 90-A-520/02, and by the University of Maryland Computer Sciences Center. We acknowledge Daniel Hurley's contribution to the project as Year 1 Field Coordinator. We thank Anne Bogat, Elissa Gease, Nancy Haws, Shari Miller, Cynthia Pearson, Carl M. Rogers, Richard Weisblatt, and the anonymous reviewers of the manuscript for their assistance. We also thank the community workers who helped to develop and conduct the project. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Reference Note 1. Albee, G. W.Primary prevention and aging: Sources of powerlessness. Invited address presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Montreal, Canada, September 1980. Barbarin, O. A., Enhancing community competence: A model for community intervention. Journal of Black Psychology. 1977. 4 144–160. Blonsky, L. E., Problems in the development of a community action program for the elderly. Gerontologist. 1974. 14 394–401. Cowen, E. L., The wooing of primary prevention. American Journal of Community Psychology. 1980. 8 258–284. Faulkner, A. O., The black aged as good neighbors: An experiment in volunteer service. Gerontologist. 1975. 15 554–559. Gatz, M., Smyer, M. A., Lawton, M. P., L. W. Poon, The mental health system and the older adult. Aging in the 1980s: Psychological issues. 1980. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. Gershon, M., Biller, H. B., The other helpers. 1977. Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath. Hurley, D., Barbarin, O., Mitchell, R., O. Barbarin, P. Good, M. Pharr, J. Suskind, An empirical assessment of racism in community functioning. Institutional racism and community competence. 1981. Rockville, Md.: National Institute of Mental Health. Iscoe, I., Community psychology and the competent community. American Psychologist. 1974. 29 607–613. McGee, R. K., Crisis intervention in the community. 1974. Baltimore: University Park Press. Mitchell, R. E., Barbarin, O. A., Hurley, D. J., Problem-solving, resource utilization and community involvement in a Black and White community. American Journal of Community Psychology. 1981. 9 233–246. Mitchell, R. E., Hurley, D. J., B. H. Gottlieb, Collaboration with natural helping networks: lessons learned from studying paraprofessionals. Social networks and social support. 1981. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. Neugarten, B. L., The future and the young-old. Gerontologist. 1975. 15 4–9. Neugarten, B. L., Havighurst, R. J., Tobin, S. S., The measurement of life satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology. 1961. 16 134–143. Report to the President of the President's Commision on Mental Health. 1978. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Rappaport, J., In praise of paradox: A social policy of empowerment over prevention. American Journal of Community Psychology. 1981. 9 1–26. Riessman, F., The helper therapy principle. Social Work. 1965. 10 27–32. Rotter, J. B. Generalized expectancies for interval versus external control of reinforcement.Psychological Monographs, 1966,80(1, Whole No. 609). Rotter, J. B., A new scale of measurement of interpersonal trust. Journal of Personality. 1967. 5 651–665. Smith, M. B., J. A. Clausen, Competence and socialization. Socialization and Society. 1968. Boston: Little, Brown. Tyler, F. B., Individual psychosocial competence: A personality configuration. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 1978. 38 309–323. Citing Literature Volume10, Issue3June 1982Pages 291-303 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY}, author={GATZ, M and BARBARIN, OA and TYLER, FB and MITCHELL, RE and MORAN, JA and WIRZBICKI, PJ and CRAWFORD, J and ENGELMAN, A}, year={1982}, pages={291–303} }
 @article{mitchell_1982, title={SOCIAL NETWORKS AND PSYCHIATRIC CLIENTS - THE PERSONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT}, volume={10}, ISSN={["0091-0562"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF00893978}, abstractNote={The study examines the extent to which characteristics of psychiatric clients (interpersonal problem-solving) and their families (family climate and family social resources) are associated with dimensions of clients' social networks (size and support). Respondents were 35 clients recruited from outpatient psychiatric clinics and the family members with whom they resided. The results revealed that individual and environmental variables were significant correlates of social network dimensions. For example, client problem-solving was positively related to the number of intimates cited by the client, while level of independence was positively related to the degree of support clients reported receiving from their peers. Level of client psychopathology partially moderated the effects of some of the predictor variables. The results highlight the need to examine the individual and environmental processes that shape and are shaped by social network patterns.}, number={4}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY}, author={MITCHELL, RE}, year={1982}, pages={387–401} }
 @inbook{moos_mitchell_1982, title={Social network resources and adaptation: A conceptual framework}, ISBN={0127576800}, booktitle={Basic processes in helping relationships}, publisher={New York: Academic Press}, author={Moos, R. H. and Mitchell, R. E.}, year={1982}, pages={213–232} }
 @article{mitchell_billings_moos_1982, title={Social support and well-being: Implications for prevention programs}, volume={3}, DOI={10.1007/bf01324668}, abstractNote={A variety of prevention programs have assumed that social support has health-promotive and health-protective effects. Although numerous studies have examined the relationship between social support and well-being, the result has been a heterogeneous and complex set of findings. We seek to review and summarize this research as a data base for planning and evaluating prevention programs. To organize our review, we present a model of stress, support, and well-being which distinguishes among several mechanisms through which support may affect well-being. We consider research on each of these mechanisms: thedirect effects of support upon functioning; theindirect effects of support upon functioning through its influence on exposure to environmental stressors; and theinteractive effects of social support in buffering the individual from the maladaptive effects of stress. We then address several implications of this research that need to be considered in the process of designing and evaluating prevention programs: (a) the need to consider the varying mechanisms through which social support has its effects; (b) the need for specificity in developing preventive interventions; and (c) the need to examine relationships among stress, support, and functioning within a broader social context.}, journal={Journal of Primary Prevention}, author={Mitchell, R. E. and Billings, A. G. and Moos, R. H.}, year={1982}, pages={77–98} }
 @inbook{hurley_barbarin_mitchell_1981, title={An empirical study of racism and community functioning}, booktitle={Institutional racism and community competence}, publisher={Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services}, author={Hurley, D. J., Jr. and Barbarin, O. A. and Mitchell, R. E.}, editor={O. Barbarin, P. Good and M. Pharr and Suskind, J.Editors}, year={1981}, pages={134–145} }
 @inbook{mitchell_hurley_1981, title={Collaboration with natural helping  networks: Lessons learned from studying paraprofessionals}, ISBN={0803916698}, booktitle={Social networks and social support}, publisher={Beverly Hills, CA: Sage}, author={Mitchell, R. E. and Hurley, D. J., Jr.}, year={1981}, pages={277–298} }
 @article{mitchell_barbarin_hurley_1981, title={PROBLEM-SOLVING, RESOURCE UTILIZATION, AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN A BLACK AND A WHITE COMMUNITY}, volume={9}, ISSN={["0091-0562"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF00896061}, abstractNote={American Journal of Community PsychologyVolume 9, Issue 3 p. 233-246 Article Problem-solving, resource utilization, and community involvement in a black and a white community Roger E. Mitchell Ph.D., Corresponding Author Roger E. Mitchell Ph.D. University of Maryland, Maryland, USA Social Ecology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 94305 Palo Alto, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorOscar A. Barbarin, Oscar A. Barbarin University of Michigan, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorDaniel J. Hurley Jr., Daniel J. Hurley Jr. University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, USASearch for more papers by this author Roger E. Mitchell Ph.D., Corresponding Author Roger E. Mitchell Ph.D. University of Maryland, Maryland, USA Social Ecology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 94305 Palo Alto, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorOscar A. Barbarin, Oscar A. Barbarin University of Michigan, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorDaniel J. Hurley Jr., Daniel J. Hurley Jr. University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 June 1981 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00896061Citations: 25 The data for this study were collected when all of the authors were associated with the Community Field Station, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. Thanks are due to the many community psychology undergraduate students who assisted in the data collection, as well as to Ed Trickett and anonymous reviewers who provided comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. The authors would also like to thank the Computer Science Center, University of Maryland, for assistance in the data analysis. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume9, Issue3June 1981Pages 233-246 RelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY}, author={MITCHELL, RE and BARBARIN, OA and HURLEY, DJ}, year={1981}, pages={233–246} }
 @article{mitchell_trickett_1980, title={SOCIAL NETWORKS AS MEDIATORS OF SOCIAL SUPPORT - AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS AND DETERMINANTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKS}, volume={16}, ISSN={["0010-3853"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF00780665}, abstractNote={The intent of this paper is to present a representative, though not exhaustive, overview of the current literature on social networks, with an emphasis on research linking social networks to psychological adaptation. This overview includes a review of social network concepts; and analysis of the multiple determinants of social networks; an analysis of the varied effects of social networks; and the implications for policies and practices of community mental health centers. This paper adopts the view that the concept of social network is a useful tool in examining both the functional and the dysfunctional influences of one's primary group on individual adaption.}, number={1}, journal={COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL}, author={MITCHELL, RE and TRICKETT, EJ}, year={1980}, pages={27–44} }
 @inbook{mitchell_trickett_1980, title={Social network research and psychosocial adaptation: Implications for community mental health practice}, ISBN={0669034516}, booktitle={Environmental variables and the prevention of mental illness}, publisher={Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath & Co.}, author={Mitchell, R. E. and Trickett, E. J.}, year={1980}, pages={42–68} }
 @inbook{coursey_mitchell_friedman_1977, title={Staff participation in program evaluation}, ISBN={0808910191}, booktitle={Program evaluation for mental health: Methods, strategies and participants}, publisher={NY: Grune & Stratton}, author={Coursey, R. D. and Mitchell, R. E. and Friedman, J.}, editor={R. Coursey, G. Specter and S. Murrell and Hunt, B.Editors}, year={1977}, pages={297–312} }
 @inbook{mitchell_1977, title={The dimensions of an evaluation system for community mental health centers}, ISBN={0808910191}, booktitle={Program evaluation for mental health: Methods, strategies and participants}, publisher={NY: Grune & Stratton}, author={Mitchell, R. E.}, editor={R. Coursey, G. Specter and S. Murrell and Hunt, B.Editors}, year={1977}, pages={27–46} }