@article{evans_brophy_braswell_boyle_harris_watkins_bailey_2021, title={Carbohydrate mouth rinsing does not affect 6-min walk test performance and blood glucose responses in older adults}, ISSN={["1439-6327"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00421-021-04753-x}, abstractNote={{"Label"=>"PURPOSE", "NlmCategory"=>"OBJECTIVE"} Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing (MR) prior to exercise has been shown to elicit enhanced performance and energy availability in some studies. Previous literature has concentrated on examining CHO MR strategies for improving aerobic endurance performance in younger athletic adults. Knowledge of the impact of CHO MR on functional performance in older adults is scarce. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if CHO MR would improve 6-min walk test (6MWT) performance, perceived exertion, and blood glucose responses in older adults. {"Label"=>"METHOD", "NlmCategory"=>"METHODS"} Thirty-three individuals (16 males, 17 females), age ≥ 70 years performed two 6MWT trials, one of which utilized a 6.4% maltodextrin CHO MR and one of which utilized a placebo MR. Participants held the MR in their mouth for 20 s prior to the 6MWT, and trials occurred in a counterbalanced fashion. Total distance walked and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded upon completion of each 6MWT. Heart rate (HR), peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO {"sub"=>"2"} ), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP), blood glucose, and blood lactate were measured before and after each 6MWT. {"Label"=>"RESULT", "NlmCategory"=>"RESULTS"} CHO MR did not alter the response of any study parameter compared to the placebo MR (p = 0.13-0.94). HR, systolic BP, and blood lactate increased and SpO {"sub"=>"2"}  decreased across time (p < 0.01). {"Label"=>"CONCLUSION", "NlmCategory"=>"CONCLUSIONS"} A 6.4% maltodextrin CHO MR did not alter total distance walked, perceived exertion, or other physiological responses elicited by the 6MWT in older adults.}, journal={EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Evans, Elizabeth S. and Brophy, Terrence and Braswell, Matthew R. and Boyle, Joshua and Harris, G. Keith and Watkins, Ruth H. and Bailey, Stephen P.}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{bailey_harris_lewis_llewellyn_watkins_weaver_roelands_van cutsem_folger_2021, title={Impact of a Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on Corticomotor Excitability after Mental Fatigue in Healthy College-Aged Subjects}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2076-3425"]}, DOI={10.3390/brainsci11080972}, abstractNote={Mental Fatigue (MF) has been associated with reduced physical performance but the mechanisms underlying this result are unclear. A reduction in excitability of the corticomotor system is a way mental fatigue could negatively impact physical performance. Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse (MR) has been shown to increase corticomotor excitability. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if CHO MR impacts corticomotor excitability after MF. METHODS: Fifteen subjects (nine females, six males; age = 23 ± 1 years; height = 171 ± 2 cm; body mass = 69 ± 3 kg; BMI = 23.8 ± 0.7) completed two sessions under different MR conditions (Placebo (PLAC), 6.4% glucose (CHO)) separated by at least 48 h and applied in a double-blinded randomized fashion. Motor-evoked potential (MEP) of the left first dorsal interosseous (FDI) was determined by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) before and after MF. Perceived MF was recorded before and after the MF task using a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: MF was greater following PLAC (+30.4 ± 4.0 mm) than CHO (+19.4 ± 3.9 mm) (p = 0.005). MEP was reduced more following PLAC (−16.6 ± 4.4%) than CHO (−3.7 ± 4.7%) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CHO MR was successful at attenuating the reduction in corticomotor excitability after MF. Carbohydrate mouth rinse may be a valuable tool at combating the negative consequences of mental fatigue.}, number={8}, journal={BRAIN SCIENCES}, author={Bailey, Stephen P. and Harris, G. Keith and Lewis, Kaitlin and Llewellyn, Tracy A. and Watkins, Ruth and Weaver, Mark A. and Roelands, Bart and Van Cutsem, Jeroen and Folger, Stephen F.}, year={2021}, month={Aug} }