@article{jadid_montoya_gabr_2022, title={Framework for the Development of Strain-Based Ultimate Performance Limit State Criterion for the Stability of Earthen Embankments}, volume={148}, ISSN={["1943-5606"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002754}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002754}, abstractNote={Repeated rapid drawdown (RDD) and rapid rise in water level during extreme events lead to the progressive development of plastic strain zones within the earth embankments with subtle, rather than obvious, visible signs of distress. The traditional approach within the framework of limit equilibrium does not account for accumulated permanent deformation with repeated hydraulic loading. Work presented herein is focused on quantifying the level of deviatoric strain, in terms of key surface deformation and distress level of earth embankment slopes, with repeated hydraulic loading. A simple linear relationship between the deviatoric strain and surface deformation at the toe of the slip surface is proposed as a function of the geometry of the slope for rotational sliding. This relationship is applied using the stress-strain data obtained from conventional triaxial testing and provides a simple means to estimate the ultimate performance limit state that corresponds to the onset of embankment slope instability. Results from a parametric study show good agreement between the numerical results and proposed analytical criterion. The proposed criterion is also compared with data from field cases reported in literature by others, and reasonably good agreement with onset of failure is obtained. Results from applying the proposed model to the case studies indicate the applicability of the proposed approach as a framework for various loading conditions, slope geometries, and material properties.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Jadid, Rowshon and Montoya, Brina M. and Gabr, Mohammed}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{jadid_montoya_bennett_gabr_2020, title={Effect of repeated rise and fall of water level on seepage-induced deformation and related stability analysis of Princeville levee}, volume={266}, ISSN={["1872-6917"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105458}, abstractNote={The Princeville levee, and flooding associated with Hurricanes Floyd and Matthew, is used as a case study in which the analyses are focused on the effect of repeated rise and fall of water levels (representing severe storm cycles) on the stability of the levee and the risk of failure. The analyses included strain-based and strength reduction approaches and are conducted using the finite element program Plaxis 2D. The limit equilibrium stability software “Slope/W” was also used for comparative study. The strain-based limit state approach considers the uncertainty of soil properties and is used to characterize the levee performance under repeated storm loading in terms of damage levels (or limit states). The strain-based analyses results show a progressive development of plastic shear strain zone within the levee as the number of storm cycles is increased. The accumulation of such shear strain leads to increasing the probability of exceeding a given performance limit state. As more flooding cycles are introduced, the shear strain values increase by a factor of 3.5 from cycle 1 to 6, and therefore reflect the increasing level of failure risk. In parallel, the deterministic stability factor of safety obtained from limit equilibrium method remains unchanged and slightly changes for strength reduction method with an increased number of rises and falls of the water level. The consideration of “rapid” drawdown conventionally used in limit equilibrium stability analyses (where no consideration for time is included), instead of more realistic rate based on drawdown hydrograph leads to conservative estimate of factor of safety. The analyses results demonstrate the increase in risk with repeated hydraulic loading.}, journal={ENGINEERING GEOLOGY}, author={Jadid, Rowshon and Montoya, Brina M. and Bennett, Victoria and Gabr, Mohammed A.}, year={2020}, month={Mar} }