@article{song_srinivasarao_mcgregor_2000, title={Laser scanning confocal microscope measurement of dye diffusion coefficients in fibers}, volume={33}, journal={Macromolecules}, author={Song, Y. and Srinivasarao, M. and McGregor, R.}, year={2000}, pages={4478} } @article{song_srinivasarao_tonelli_balik_mcgregor_2000, title={Laser scanning confocal microscopy study of dye diffusion in fibers}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1520-5835"]}, DOI={10.1021/ma991584w}, abstractNote={The diffusion of fluorescein into nylon-66 fibers has been studied for the first time by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). LSCM makes it possible to noninvasively obtain high-resolution three-dimensional images of the spatial distribution of dyes (fluorescein) in fibers dyed for various length of times. Integration over the dye distribution yields the total amount of dye in the fiber, which is found to be in close agreement with that determined by UV−vis spectrophotometry after dissolving the fibers. Thus, the diffusion coefficients determined noninvasively by LSCM ((6.9 ± 1.0) × 10-11 cm2/s) and the destructive traditional means ((7.8 ± 1.9) × 10-11 cm2/s) also agree. The LSCM method has several significant advantages. Among these are its speed, nondestructive nature, and the ability not only to determine the total dye content of the fiber but also to image the dye distribution profile across the fiber diameter. This latter ability is demonstrated to be important to understanding the visual appe...}, number={12}, journal={MACROMOLECULES}, author={Song, Y and Srinivasarao, M and Tonelli, A and Balik, CM and McGregor, R}, year={2000}, month={Jun}, pages={4478–4485} } @article{koksal_smith_fathi_lu_mcgregor_1998, title={A case study in off-line quality control: characterization and optimization of batch dyeing process design}, volume={16}, ISSN={["0267-5730"]}, DOI={10.1504/IJTM.1998.002676}, abstractNote={A method is provided and demonstrated for robust design of the batch dyeing process. This method is used to identify optimal batch dyeing process parameter settings, which produce target colour with the least colour variation within and among dyed fabric pieces. The robust design problem is defined in terms of the design objectives, control factors and noise factors. Performance measures are presented to evaluate mean and dispersion characteristics of the dyeing output. Design and conduct of experiments are discussed for developing empirical models of the performance measures, and these models are developed for the study case. The robust design problem is formulated and solved as a nonlinear programming problem. Confirmation of results and iterative use of the proposed design method are discussed.}, number={4-6}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT}, author={Koksal, G and Smith, WA and Fathi, Y and Lu, JCY and McGregor, R}, year={1998}, pages={358–382} } @misc{mcgregor_arora_jasper_1998, title={Closed-loop textile dyeing process utilizing real-time metered dosing of dyes and chemicals}, volume={5,846,265}, number={1998 Dec. 8}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={McGregor, R. and Arora, M. A. and Jasper, W. J.}, year={1998} } @article{mcgregor_arora_jasper_1997, title={Controlling nylon dyeing by dye and chemical metering}, volume={67}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759706700809}, abstractNote={ Closed-loop control of the dosing of dyes and chemicals is used to obtain an on-tone build-up of shade in dyeing polyamide fibers with a binary mixture of monosulfonated acid dyes. Computerized dosing pumps control the pH, the dyebath concentrations of the individual dyes, and the total sorption of each dye during the process. This real-time, closed-loop adaptive control yields good reproducibility and uniform shade build-up in a laboratory dyeing machine. It is possible to reuse a dyebath containing residual dyes and chemicals from a previous dyeing. }, number={8}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={McGregor, R and Arora, MS and Jasper, WJ}, year={1997}, month={Aug}, pages={609–616} } @article{snyder_berkstresser_smith_beck_mcgregor_jasper_1997, title={Correlating optical and kinetic deviations from ideality in fiber reactive dye mixtures}, volume={67}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759706700804}, abstractNote={ Kinetic and optical behaviors of Cibacron™ Yellow R, Scarlet 2GE, and Blue TRE are studied individually and in mixtures. In mixtures, these dyes deviate from their individual behaviors. A method for determining these deviations and for correlating the optical and kinetic deviations is demonstrated. This method is valuable because it allows the kinetic behavior of dyes in mixtures to be characterized from simple optical measurements. }, number={8}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Snyder, W and Berkstresser, G and Smith, B and Beck, K and McGregor, R and Jasper, W}, year={1997}, month={Aug}, pages={571–579} } @article{arora_mcgregor_1997, title={Dimensionless model for the equilibrium sorption of mixtures of acid dyes by polyamides from finite dyebaths}, volume={67}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759706700601}, abstractNote={ The equations of a dimensionless Donnan model for equilibrium sorption of ions by polymers are applied to sorption data for acid dyes in binary mixtures on nylon 66 fabric. The two acid dyes are commercial samples of C.I. Acid Blue 25 and C.I. Acid Yellow 49. Excellent fits of the data to the dimensionless model are obtained. The ratio of the distribution coefficients of the two dyes in the mixtures is estimated. Dimensionless sorption parameters have a linear dependence on the initial dye concentrations in the finite dyebaths and a linear dependence on the initial salt concentration. The equilibrium concentration distribution ratios of the two dyes on the fabric are linearly related to the ratios of their initial dyebath concentrations. }, number={6}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={Arora, MS and McGregor, RM}, year={1997}, month={Jun}, pages={389–396} } @article{reddy_jasper_mcgregor_lee_1997, title={Effects of temperature and salt on dye mixtures in the batch dyeing process}, volume={67}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759706700206}, abstractNote={For real-time control, it is usually desirable to formulate a mathematical model of the process to be controlled. Such a model assists in the selection of control parameters and enhances the understanding of the underlying processes. A mathematical model for two-dye mixtures is developed comprising a diffusion based model to account for dye penetration into the fiber and a nonlinear distribution function at the fiber surface based on the Langmuir isotherm. Since the behavior of dyes in mixtures often deviates from their behavior when used alone, the dyeing process cannot be modeled by a simple combination of single dye models. Numerical simulations of the behavior of direct cotton dye mixtures under varying conditions of temperature and salt concentration are also presented, and compared with experiments.}, number={2}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Reddy, M and Jasper, WJ and McGregor, R and Lee, G}, year={1997}, month={Feb}, pages={109–117} } @article{beck_lefeber_hunter_smith_mcgregor_1994, title={Flow injection analysis of dyebaths}, volume={26}, number={5}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={Beck, K. R. and Lefeber, M. and Hunter, W. and Smith, C. B. and McGregor, R.}, year={1994}, pages={30–34} } @book{mcgregor_mershon_pastore_davis_timble_1994, title={Fundamental and practical aspects of the perception and analysis of real and illusory appearance defects in fabrics}, volume={257}, journal={Annual Report of the National Textile Center (Project 92-9)}, institution={Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce}, author={McGregor, R. M. and Mershon, D. H. and Pastore, C. and Davis, H. and Timble, N.}, year={1994}, pages={249} } @article{mcgregor_mershon_pastore_1994, title={PERCEPTION, DETECTION, AND DIAGNOSIS OF APPEARANCE DEFECTS IN FABRICS}, volume={64}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759406401006}, abstractNote={ High uniformity of appearance is essential for textiles. Unintended variations of color between and within fabrics pose serious problems: their avoidance makes great demands on manufacturing and quality control at all stages from the extrusion of synthetic fibers and yarns up to the final finishing of a fabric. Most fabric inspection for quality control is visual. Unfortunately in some cases, the appearance of a color defect is a very poor guide to the true nature of the defect, a fact not generally recognized by the industry. This paper describes studies of the responses of observers to well . characterized model color defects using standard psychophysical methods. The results from this new approach will help the industry to understand these problems and provide a basis for the design of sensor systems to be used in automated fabric in spection. }, number={10}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={MCGREGOR, R and MERSHON, DH and PASTORE, CM}, year={1994}, month={Oct}, pages={584–591} } @article{freeman_kim_gilbert_mcgregor_1991, title={ARYLAZO DYES CONTAINING A BUILT-IN HINDERED-AMINE MOIETY}, volume={17}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/0143-7208(91)87023-G}, abstractNote={This paper describes the synthesis, spectral properties, and photolytic behavior of some 5-arylazo-6-hydroxy-y-carbolines. Like 1-arylazo-2-naphthols, these novel dyes exist primarily in the hydrazone form. Interestingly, however, the arylazo-γ-carboline dyes are significantly more light-stable in a polymer matrix than their 1-arylazo-2-naphthol counterparts. This suggests that the use of a built-in hindered-amine residue is an effective way to inhibit the lightinduced oxidation of arylhydrazone-type dyes. The preparation of novel nitroxide derivatives of the arylazo-γ-carbolines for electron spin resonance spin-probe studies is also described.}, number={2}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={FREEMAN, HS and KIM, SD and GILBERT, RD and MCGREGOR, R}, year={1991}, pages={83–100} }