@article{phillips_dierenfeld_english_troan_reininger_zombeck_devoe_wolfe_loomis_minter_2021, title={Retrospective Analysis of Cataract Formation and Nutritional Etiology in a Managed Collection of Parakeet Auklets (Aethia psittacula)}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1938-2871"]}, DOI={10.1647/20-00037}, abstractNote={Abstract: The parakeet auklet (Aethia psittacula) is a piscivorous seabird with a natural diet of various invertebrate and teleost species, which is challenging to replicate in a managed collection. A high prevalence of early onset cataracts was observed in a managed collection of parakeet auklets at the North Carolina Zoo (Asheboro, NC, USA), which was hypothesized to be related to inappropriate vitamin A and E levels. From 1994 to 2002, these parakeet auklets were offered dietary supplementation comprising Vita-Zu small bird tablets. In June 2002, the birds were transitioned to only Thiamin-E paste (vitamin E and thiamin only). Plasma samples were collected from birds with and without cataracts from 1998 to 2005 and submitted for vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) analysis. Food items comprising the birds' diet were also evaluated for vitamin content. This information was combined with clinical and necropsy data from medical records from 1994 to 2015. A total of 78% of birds (39/50) developed cataracts, with a median age of onset of 7 years (range, 2–12 years). Cataracts ranged from incipient to hypermature during both routine ophthalmic examinations and postmortem evaluations. The median (range) of plasma retinol and α-tocopherol values were 1.99 µg/mL (0.20–6.68 µg/mL) and 15.39 µg/mL (3.40–96.27 µg/mL), respectively. There were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of vitamins based on the animals' sex, origin, presence of cataracts, or administered vitamin supplementation product. No other etiologies for cataract development were identified in the population. Further research in free-ranging parakeet auklet nutrition and cataract occurrence is warranted for continued species collection management.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Phillips, Brianne E. and Dierenfeld, Ellen S. and English, Robert and Troan, Brigid and Reininger, Ken and Zombeck, Debbie J. and DeVoe, Ryan S. and Wolfe, Barbara and Loomis, Michael R. and Minter, Larry J.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={390–401} }
 @article{scott_waffa_devoe_harms_lewbart_2021, title={Successful and unsuccessful nonsurgical removal of ingested golf balls and an artificial egg in four rat snakes (Pantherophis alleghaniensis)}, volume={258}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.258.10.1135}, abstractNote={Abstract    

CASE DESCRIPTION
4 wild adult rat snakes (Pantherophis alleghaniensis) were evaluated after ingesting spherical or ovoid foreign bodies.


CLINICAL FINDINGS
Physical examination revealed a large, firm mass at the level of the stomach in each snake. Radiographic findings were consistent with ingestion of a golf ball (3 snakes) or an artificial egg (1 snake). Signs consistent with prolonged impaction included scale loss, dermal abrasions, and apparent loss of body condition in one snake and regional skin ulceration, dehydration, and generalized muscle atrophy in another.


TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
Nonsurgical removal of the foreign body was attempted in anesthetized or heavily sedated snakes by external manipulation in the orad direction. A golf ball was removed through the oral cavity without complications in 1 snake. In the other 3 snakes, tension caused by the advancing foreign body resulted in full-thickness skin rupture in the cervical region. The procedure was completed with the use of a balloon catheter to aid foreign body advancement for 1 of the 3 snakes, and the skin defect was closed. The procedure was converted to esophagotomy for the other 2 snakes. Three snakes recovered and were released; 1 died of complications from prolonged impaction and esophageal perforation.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The described nonsurgical techniques for removal of ingested round or ovoid foreign bodies were associated with substantial complications in 3 of 4 treated rat snakes. Although a nonsurgical method for removal of ingested objects such as golf balls could benefit snakes, the methods used for these patients did not appear to be more beneficial than traditional gastrotomy.
}, number={10}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Scott, Gregory and Waffa, Bradley J. and DeVoe, Ryan S. and Harms, Craig A. and Lewbart, Gregory A.}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={1135–1141} }
 @article{gjeltema_troan_muehlenbachs_liu_da silva_qvarnstrom_tobias_loomis_de voe_2016, title={Amoebic meningoencephalitis and disseminated infection caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris in a Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)}, volume={248}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.248.3.315}, abstractNote={Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 22-year-old male gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) housed in a zoo was evaluated for signs of lethargy, head-holding, and cervical stiffness followed by development of neurologic abnormalities including signs of depression, lip droop, and tremors.
CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination under general anesthesia revealed a tooth root abscess and suboptimal body condition. A CBC and serum biochemical analysis revealed mild anemia, neutrophilia and eosinopenia consistent with a stress leukogram, and signs consistent with dehydration. Subsequent CSF analysis revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis and markedly increased total protein concentration.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Despite treatment with antimicrobials, steroids, and additional supportive care measures, the gorilla's condition progressed to an obtunded mentation with grand mal seizures over the course of 10 days. Therefore, the animal was euthanized and necropsy was performed. Multifocal areas of malacia and hemorrhage were scattered throughout the brain; on histologic examination, these areas consisted of necrosis and hemorrhage associated with mixed inflammation, vascular necrosis, and intralesional amoebic trophozoites. Tan foci were also present in the kidneys and pancreas. Immunohistochemical testing positively labeled free-living amoebae within the brain, kidneys, eyes, pancreas, heart, and pulmonary capillaries. Subsequent PCR assay of CSF and frozen kidney samples identified the organism as Balamuthia mandrillaris, confirming a diagnosis of amoebic meningoencephalitis.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Infection with B mandrillaris has been reported to account for 2.8% of captive gorilla deaths in North America over the past 19 years. Clinicians working with gorillas should have a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis when evaluating and treating animals with signs of centrally localized neurologic disease.}, number={3}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Gjeltema, Jenessa L. and Troan, Brigid and Muehlenbachs, Atis and Liu, Lindy and Da Silva, Alexandre J. and Qvarnstrom, Yvonne and Tobias, Jeremy R. and Loomis, Michael R. and De Voe, Ryan S.}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={315–321} }
 @article{gjeltema_de voe_phillips_stoskopf_2015, title={Casque infection, resolution, and subsequent repneumatization in a trumpeter hornbill (Bycanistes buccinator)}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1875-5941"]}, DOI={10.1080/01652176.2015.1035462}, abstractNote={Casque infection, resolution, and subsequent repneumatization in a trumpeter hornbill (Bycanistes buccinator) Jenessa L. Gjeltema*, Ryan S. De Voe, Brianne E. Phillips and Michael K. Stoskopf Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh 27607, NC, USA; Veterinary Division, North Carolina Zoo, 4401 Zoo Parkway, Asheboro 27205, NC, USA; Department of Animal Health, Disney’s Animal Kingdom, 2901 Osceola Parkway, Lake Buena Vista 32830, FL, USA; Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, 27607, NC, USA}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY QUARTERLY}, author={Gjeltema, Jenessa L. and De Voe, Ryan S. and Phillips, Brianne E. and Stoskopf, Michael K.}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={177–180} }
 @article{niemuth_de voe_jennings_loomis_troan_2014, title={Malignant hypertension and retinopathy in a western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1600-0684"]}, DOI={10.1111/jmp.12114}, abstractNote={AbstractBackgroundA 34‐year‐old western lowland gorilla presented with peracute blindness.MethodsClinical evaluation, diagnostic imaging, laboratory analyses, blood pressure measurements, and necropsy were performed.ResultsThe clinical and postmortem findings supported malignant hypertension.ConclusionsWe describe a case of naturally occurring hypertensive encephalopathy and retinopathy in a gorilla.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Niemuth, Jennifer N. and De Voe, Ryan S. and Jennings, Samuel H. and Loomis, Michael R. and Troan, Brigid V.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={276–279} }
 @article{clarke_devoe_2011, title={OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY OF THREE VAMPIRE BATS (DESMODUS ROTUNDUS)}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1042-7260"]}, DOI={10.1638/2011-0026.1}, abstractNote={Abstract: Three sexually mature female common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) housed at the North Carolina Zoological Park, Asheboro, North Carolina, were selected for surgical ovariohysterectomy. All animals were induced and maintained with isoflurane anesthetic gas. Magnification loop glasses were worn by the surgeon for the procedure. A ventral midline incision was made into the abdominal cavity. Simple micro-ophthalmic surgical packs along with hemoclips were used to perform the ovariohysterectomies. The linea alba and muscular layers were closed using a simple continuous suture pattern with 4-0 polydioxanone suture. The skin was apposed using a horizontal mattress suture pattern with 4-0 polydioxanone suture. Animals recovered with minimal deleterious side effects. Animals were housed together in a recovery chamber and administered meloxicam at 0.2 mg/kg placed in their blood meal once daily for 7 days postoperatively, after which they were returned to their normal enclosures.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Clarke, Elsburgh O., III and DeVoe, Ryan S.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={755–758} }
 @article{stringer_de voe_loomis_2011, title={SUSPECTED ANAPHYLAXIS TO LEUPROLIDE ACETATE DEPOT IN TWO ELF OWLS (MICRATHENE WHITNEYI)}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1042-7260"]}, DOI={10.1638/2010-0145.1}, abstractNote={Abstract Two adult female elf owls (Micrathene whitneyi) were treated with leuprolide acetate depot injections to prevent egg laying. The birds were treated for several years without complications. Several years into the treatment regimen, both birds died immediately after receiving an injection of leuprolide acetate. Remaining drug was analyzed, revealing 95.7% potency. We suspect that either an immediate Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction occurred or a contaminant was present, resulting in the fatalities of these elf owls. No reports of anaphylaxis to leuprolide acetate in birds were identified in the literature. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of anaphylaxis when administering this medication to avian patients.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Stringer, Elizabeth M. and De Voe, Ryan S. and Loomis, Michael R.}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={166–168} }
 @article{chinnadurai_devoe_koenig_gadsen_ardente_divers_2010, title={Comparison of an implantable telemetry device and an oscillometric monitor for measurement of blood pressure in anaesthetized and unrestrained green iguanas (Iguana iguana)}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1467-2987"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-2995.2010.00557.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to compare an implanted direct blood pressure monitor and a non-invasive oscillometric unit for use in anesthetized and awake green iguanas.


STUDY DESIGN
Prospective experimental trial.


ANIMALS
Four male and four female adult green iguanas (Iguana iguana) weighing 1833 +/- 534 g.


METHODS
For each animal, the carotid artery was surgically exposed and the catheter tip of the pressure transducer was placed in the aortic arch. Non-invasive blood pressure was measured using a cuff over the left femoral region. Pulse rate, respiratory rate and arterial blood pressure (ABP) measurements were taken every 5 minutes. Direct ABP measurements consisted of recording numerical values and graphic output. Simultaneous direct and indirect measurements were repeated in awake animals.


RESULTS
The oscillometric device failed to provide a reading in over 80% of attempts, and failed to provide readings that correlated with direct measurements. The implanted direct transducer was capable of detecting blood pressures throughout all ABP ranges examined.


CONCLUSIONS
The implantable transducer was a reliable means of determining blood pressure in this study, while the oscillometric device was unreliable and often failed to provide any reading.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
We do not recommend using the oscillometric device as described in a research or clinical setting for green iguanas. The advantages of an implantable device include the ability to monitor awake and anesthetized subjects remotely and continuously. These monitors are small, biocompatible and function across a wide range of ABP.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA}, author={Chinnadurai, Sathya K. and DeVoe, Ryan and Koenig, Amie and Gadsen, Nadia and Ardente, Amanda and Divers, Stephen J.}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={434–439} }
 @article{chinnadurai_wrenn_devoe_2009, title={Evaluation of noninvasive oscillometric blood pressure monitoring in anesthetized boid snakes}, volume={234}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.234.5.625}, abstractNote={Abstract
Objective—To determine the accuracy of a noninvasive oscillometric monitor in the measurement of arterial blood pressure in anesthetized boid snakes.
Design—Evaluation study.
Animals—4 boa constrictors (Boa constrictor), 2 carpet pythons (Morelia spilota), and 2 reticulated pythons (Python reticulatus).
Procedures—After induction of anesthesia with isoflurane, each snake was instrumented with an arterial catheter connected to a pressure transducer and oscilloscope to obtain invasive measurements of systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP), and mean (MAP) arterial blood pressure as well as a pressure waveform. A cuff connected to an oscillometric device was placed on the tail immediately distal to the vent for noninvasive measurements. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and invasive and noninvasive measurements of SAP, DAP, and MAP were obtained every 5 minutes for 45 minutes. Delivered isoflurane concentration was increased in 15-minute increments to induce hypotension. Repeatability of each device and fixed and proportional biases between devices were calculated.
Results—Throughout most of the measured ranges of blood pressures, the oscillometric unit overestimated the SAP and underestimated the DAP and MAP, compared with respective direct measurements. When the invasively determined SAP was > 100 mm Hg, the oscillometric unit underestimated all 3 variables. Fixed bias was significant for SAP and DAP, and proportional bias was significant for SAP and MAP.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—When using an oscillometric blood pressure monitor on anesthetized boid snakes, veterinarians can potentially monitor changes in blood pressure, although the displayed readings may underestimate DAP and MAP and overestimate SAP. Indirect measurements of blood pressure made with the oscillometric device cannot substitute for direct measurements.}, number={5}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Chinnadurai, Sathya K. and Wrenn, Amy and DeVoe, Ryan S.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={625–630} }
 @article{chinnadurai_spodnick_degernes_devoe_marcellin-little_2009, title={Use of an Extracapsular Stabilization Technique to Repair Cruciate Ligament Ruptures in Two Avian Species}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1082-6742"]}, DOI={10.1647/1082-6742-23.4.307}, abstractNote={Abstract An extracapsular stabilization technique was used to repair cruciate ligament ruptures in a trumpeter hornbill (Bycanistes bucinator) and an African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus). The hornbill demonstrated cranial drawer motion and severe rotational instability of the stifle from ruptures of the cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments and stifle joint capsule. The luxation was reduced, and the fibula was cranially transposed, in relation to the tibiotarsus, and anchored with 2 positive profile threaded acrylic pins. A lateral extracapsular stabilization was then performed. The African grey parrot had a traumatic stifle luxation, and an open reduction and a lateral extracapsular stabilization were performed. Both birds regained function of the affected leg by 1 month after surgery. Extracapsular stabilization allows motion of the stifle joint to be maintained during the postoperative recovery period, an advantage over rigid stabilization. Maintaining motion in the stifle joint facilitates physical therapy and can aid in full recovery after avian stifle injuries.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Chinnadurai, Sathya K. and Spodnick, Gary and Degernes, Laurel and DeVoe, Ryan S. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2009}, month={Dec}, pages={307–313} }
 @article{chinnadurai_van wettere_linder_harms_devoe_2008, title={Secondary amyloidosis and renal failure in a captive California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1937-2825"]}, DOI={10.1638/2007-0096R.1}, abstractNote={Abstract A 16-yr-old, captive-born, female California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) was evaluated for intermittent lethargy, partial anorexia, and polydipsia of 2 wk duration. The animal was immobilized for physical examination. It was in thin body condition, with multifocal mucosal ulcerations over the caudal and ventral tongue. Blood was collected for hematology, serum chemistry, and leptospirosis serology. Serum chemistry revealed severe azotemia, mild hyperglycemia, and severe hyperphosphatemia. The animal went into cardiac arrest during recovery from anesthesia and died. On histopathology, abundant amorphous, finely fibrillar, eosinophilic material was deposited in the kidneys, and smaller amounts of the same material were found in the splenic and pancreatic vessels; these findings are consistent with systemic secondary amyloidosis. The animal also had chronic nephritis, which, coupled with renal amyloidosis, resulted in renal failure and death. Systemic amyloidosis should be considered as an additional differential diagnosis for renal failure in California sea lions.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Chinnadurai, Sathya K. and Van Wettere, Arnaud and Linder, Keith E. and Harms, Craig A. and DeVoe, Ryan S.}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={274–278} }
 @article{troan_perelygina_patrusheva_van wettere_hilliard_loomis_de voe_2007, title={Naturally transmitted herpesvirus papio-2 infection in a black and white colobus monkey}, volume={231}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.231.12.1878}, abstractNote={Abstract
Case Description—A 6.5-year-old female eastern black and white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza) was evaluated after acute onset of ataxia and inappetence.
Clinical Findings—The monkey was ataxic and lethargic, but no other abnormalities were detected via physical examination, radiography, or clinicopathologic analyses. During the next 2 days, the monkey's clinical condition deteriorated, and its WBC count decreased dramatically. Cytologic examination of a CSF sample revealed marked lymphohistiocytic inflammation.
Treatment and Outcome—Despite supportive care, the monkey became apneic; after 20 hours of mechanical ventilation, fatal cardiac arrest occurred. At necropsy, numerous petechiae were detected within the white matter tracts of the brain; microscopic lesions of multifocal necrosis and hemorrhage with intranuclear inclusions identified in the brain and adrenal glands were consistent with an acute herpesvirus infection. A specific diagnosis of herpesvirus papio-2 (HVP-2) infection was made on the basis of results of serologic testing; PCR assay of tissue specimens; live virus isolation from the lungs; and immunohistochemical identification of the virus within brain, spinal cord, and adrenal gland lesions. Via phylogenetic tree analysis, the colobus HVP-2 isolate was grouped with neuroinvasive strains of the virus. The virus was most likely transmitted to the colobus monkey through toys shared with a nearby colony of baboons (the natural host of HVP-2).
Clinical Relevance—To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of natural transmission of HVP-2 to a nonhost species. Infection with HVP-2 should be a differential diagnosis for acute encephalopathy in primate monkeys and humans, particularly following exposure to baboons.}, number={12}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Troan, Brigid V. and Perelygina, Ludmila and Patrusheva, Irina and Van Wettere, Arnaud J. and Hilliard, Julia K. and Loomis, Michael R. and De Voe, Ryan S.}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={1878–1883} }
 @article{de voe_trogdon_flammer_2004, title={Preliminary assessment of the effect of diet and L-carnitine supplementation on lipoma size and bodyweight in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)}, volume={18}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery}, author={De Voe, R. S. and Trogdon, M. and Flammer, K.}, year={2004}, pages={18-} }
 @article{de voe_geissler_elmore_rotstein_lewbart_guy_2004, title={Ranavirus-associated morbidity and mortality in a group of captive eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina)}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1042-7260"]}, DOI={10.1638/03-037}, abstractNote={Abstract Seven captive eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) from a large collection of North American chelonians in North Carolina became acutely ill in the fall of 2002. Five of the turtles died. Clinical signs included cutaneous abscessation, oral ulceration or abscessation (or both), respiratory distress, anorexia, and lethargy. The predominant postmortem lesion was fibrinoid vasculitis of various organs, including skin, mucous membranes, lungs, and liver. No inclusion bodies were detected by histopathology or electron microscopy of formalin-fixed tissue. An iridovirus was isolated from tissues obtained postmortem from two of the box turtles that died. The virus was characterized by electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and sequence analysis of a portion of the major capsid protein as a member of the genus Ranavirus.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={De Voe, R and Geissler, K and Elmore, S and Rotstein, D and Lewbart, G and Guy, J}, year={2004}, month={Dec}, pages={534–543} }
 @article{de voe_spaulding_rotstein_rotstein_2004, title={Urinary bladder incarceration and infarction by an intra-abdominal fat pad in a Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana)}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04059.x}, abstractNote={A 2.5‐year‐old, female opossum had acute stranguria. Based on radiography and ultrasonographic examination a cystic structure was identified in the caudal abdomen associated with bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis. This structure contained a neutrophilic fluid, determined to be urine. There was a neutrophilic leukocytosis. Serum chemistry values were within normal limits. The opossum was euthanized. An intra‐abdominal fat pad incarceration of the urinary bladder above the trigone was present, resulting in complete obstruction of the urinary bladder and partial obstruction of the ureters. Vessels to the bladder were involved in the incarceration which resulted in vascular compromise and infarction of the bladder. Mild to moderate hydroureter and hydronephrosis were present.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={De Voe, RS and Spaulding, KA and Rotstein, J and Rotstein, DS}, year={2004}, pages={312–314} }
 @article{de voe_degernes_karli_2003, title={Dysplastic koilin causing proventricular obstruction in an eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus)}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1938-2871"]}, DOI={10.1647/1082-6742(2003)017[0027:DKCPOI]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract A 7-year-old male eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) was presented for evaluation of acute onset of dyspnea, tachypnea, and lethargy. Proventricular dilatation was observed on survey radiographs. Contrast fluoroscopic examination revealed decreased gastrointestinal motility and retention of contrast material in the proventriculus. Despite supportive care, the bird died. At necropsy, a tubular diverticulum of the ventriculus extended orad into the proventriculus. This diverticulum caused almost complete obstruction of proventricular outflow. No inflammation, infectious organisms, or neoplasia were associated with the lesion. The cause of the ventricular diverticulum in this parrot is unknown.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={De Voe, R and Degernes, L and Karli, K}, year={2003}, month={Mar}, pages={27–32} }
 @article{juopperi_karli_de voe_grindem_2002, title={Granulomatous dermatitis spadefoot toad (Scaphiopus holbrooki)}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0275-6382"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-165X.2002.tb00294.x}, abstractNote={Veterinary Clinical PathologyVolume 31, Issue 3 p. 137-139 Granulomatous Dermatitis in a Spadefoot Toad (Scaphiopus holbrooki) Tarja Juopperi, Corresponding Author Tarja Juopperi Departments of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Corresponding author: Tarja Juopperi, DVM, MS, Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 (tarja_juopperi@ncsu.edu).Search for more papers by this authorKristie Karli, Kristie Karli Departments of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this authorRyan De Voe, Ryan De Voe Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this authorCarol B. Grindem, Carol B. Grindem Departments of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this author Tarja Juopperi, Corresponding Author Tarja Juopperi Departments of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Corresponding author: Tarja Juopperi, DVM, MS, Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 (tarja_juopperi@ncsu.edu).Search for more papers by this authorKristie Karli, Kristie Karli Departments of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this authorRyan De Voe, Ryan De Voe Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this authorCarol B. Grindem, Carol B. Grindem Departments of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this author First published: 05 March 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2002.tb00294.xCitations: 11Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume31, Issue3September 2002Pages 137-139 RelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY}, author={Juopperi, T and Karli, K and De Voe, R and Grindem, CB}, year={2002}, pages={137–139} }
 @article{de voe_pack_greenacre_2002, title={Radiographic and CT imaging of a skull associated osteoma in a ferret}, volume={43}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01016.x}, abstractNote={Veterinary Radiology & UltrasoundVolume 43, Issue 4 p. 346-348 RADIOGRAPHIC AND CT IMAGING OF A SKULL ASSOCIATED OSTEOMA IN A FERRET Ryan S. De Voe DVM, Corresponding Author Ryan S. De Voe DVM Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Ryan De Voe, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this authorLeeAnn Pack DVM, LeeAnn Pack DVM Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602.Search for more papers by this authorCheryl B. Greenacre DVM, Cheryl B. Greenacre DVM Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602.Search for more papers by this author Ryan S. De Voe DVM, Corresponding Author Ryan S. De Voe DVM Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Ryan De Voe, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this authorLeeAnn Pack DVM, LeeAnn Pack DVM Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602.Search for more papers by this authorCheryl B. Greenacre DVM, Cheryl B. Greenacre DVM Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602.Search for more papers by this author First published: 19 May 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01016.xCitations: 14AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume43, Issue4July 2002Pages 346-348 RelatedInformation}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, author={De Voe, R. S. and Pack, L. and Greenacre, C. B.}, year={2002}, pages={346–348} }
 @inproceedings{de voe_2002, title={The  herptile cloaca: anatomy, function and disease}, booktitle={Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians proceedings: ARAV ninth annual conference: October 9-12, 2002, Reno, Nevada}, author={De Voe, R. S.}, year={2002}, pages={127–135} }
 @article{minter_dombrowski_stoskopf_purnell_loomis_de voe, title={Hematology and plasma biochemical values for free ranging cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) in central North Carolina, USA}, volume={8}, number={2}, journal={Herpetological Conservation and Biology}, author={Minter, L. J. and Dombrowski, D. S. and Stoskopf, M. K. and Purnell, C. A. and Loomis, M. R. and De Voe, R. S.}, pages={321–334} }