@article{tasdemir_seracino_kowalsky_nau_2023, title={Behavior of large diameter carbon fiber anchors}, volume={394}, ISSN={["1879-0526"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132174}, abstractNote={The use of fiber anchors is becoming more commonplace as part of an FRP retrofit of concrete or masonry structures. Such anchors are typically small diameter (sometimes referred to as spike anchors) and are mainly used to delay, or possibly prevent, debonding of externally-bonded FRP laminates. However, capacity prediction models developed for small diameter fiber anchors may not be extended to large carbon fiber (CF) anchors, herein defined as an anchor with a diameter greater than 19 mm. In this study, commercially available 19, 25, and 32 mm diameter CF anchors were tested. First, the behavior of straight CF anchors embedded in concrete under direct tensile loading was examined to obtain the benchmark rupture capacity of the anchors. Embedment depths varied between 10 and 13 times the anchor hole diameter. Then, the behavior of fanned CF anchors under direct tensile load was investigated, considering fan angles of 37° and 57°. Finally, the effect of column bending on the behavior of CF anchors was studied by installing anchors on previously tested large-scale reinforced concrete column-footing subassemblies. It was found that the anchor diameter, anchor fan angle, anchor hole diameter, and embedment depth of the anchor dowel impact the behavior of large diameter CF anchors. Further, confinement of the anchor fan in column applications with hoop direction carbon fiber laminates was found to have a substantial impact on the failure mode of large diameter CF anchors. It was found that for 25 mm diameter CF anchors with a well confined anchor fan, approximately 50% of the straight anchor rupture capacity is possible with a 559 mm long anchor fan with fan angle of 37° and an embedment depth of the anchor dowel 10 times the anchor hole diameter.}, journal={CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}, author={Tasdemir, Emrah and Seracino, Rudolf and Kowalsky, Mervyn J. and Nau, James}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @article{lin_mccoy_lucier_seracino_pierce_2023, title={Rapid Prestressed Concrete Retrofit with Prestressed Mechanically-Fastened Fiber-Reinforced Polymer: Field Performance and Observation for a Deteriorated Prestressed Concrete Bridge}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2169-4052"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231186981}, DOI={10.1177/03611981231186981}, abstractNote={ This paper presents repairs to rural bridges in North Carolina that deteriorated as a result variously of aging, overweight traffic, and exposure to salts and sulfates. The prestressed concrete C-channel superstructures exhibited prestressing strand loss and displayed significant concrete spalling, with one structure having to be closed to traffic after a routine inspection. Analysis conducted using the American Association of State Highway and Transportations Officials (AASHTO) bridge load rating criteria concluded that repair techniques which strengthen deteriorated flexural elements without also restoring lost prestressing forces are insufficient to maintain load ratings in C-channel structures with heavily damaged prestressing tendons. A prestressed mechanically-fastened fiber-reinforced polymer (MF-FRP) retrofit solution was developed and successfully installed on three structures by the authors and North Carolina Department of Transportation maintenance crews. The most extensive of these three repairs is presented here in detail. The field applications and associated analysis show the temporary MF-FRP repair system is capable of restoring lost prestressing forces, allowing original inventory and operating ratings to remain in place until a permanent superstructure replacement can be scheduled. The most heavily repaired bridge remains in service after 23 months, its performance demonstrated by long-term monitoring data. As currently implemented, the MF-FRP repair is a viable temporary solution for maintaining traffic on a degraded structure while a replacement structure is designed, programmed, and implemented. Efforts to expand the MF-FRP repair into a longer-term solution are underway. }, journal={TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD}, author={Lin, Sheng-Hsuan and McCoy, Brad C. C. and Lucier, Gregory W. W. and Seracino, Rudolf and Pierce, Nicholas A. A.}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @article{al-doori_rashid_tasdemir_seracino_2022, title={Determination of a Large-Diameter Carbon Fiber Anchor Capacity}, volume={198}, ISBN={["978-3-030-88165-8"]}, ISSN={["2366-2565"]}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-88166-5_105}, abstractNote={The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials has become a key to enhancing the performance of existing structural elements. Debonding is a common failure mode when FRP sheets are used for the flexural or shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) members. Anchoring the end of FRP sheets with carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced spike anchors, which are typically small, is a proposed method to prevent or delay debonding failure. In the case of seismic strengthening or repair, large-diameter CF anchors are required due to the high demand on structural members. Given the limited available data on large-diameter CF anchors, a challenge in this field is the use of large-diameter CF anchors for conventional RC structures exposed to seismic events. Thus, a testing program was developed to examine the behavior of large-diameter CF anchors. The behavior of CF anchors was examined via a pull-out test for various fanning angles ranging from 45° to 60°. The obtained test data for a given fan angle can be used to enhance the performance of RC structural members in terms of resisting seismic events.}, journal={10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRP COMPOSITES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (CICE 2020/2021)}, author={Al-Doori, Al-Hakam and Rashid, Raizal S. M. and Tasdemir, Emrah and Seracino, Rudolf}, year={2022}, pages={1208–1215} }
 @article{tasdemir_seracino_kowalsky_nau_2022, title={Tensile Behavior of Large Diameter Carbon Fiber Anchors}, volume={198}, ISBN={["978-3-030-88165-8"]}, ISSN={["2366-2565"]}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-88166-5_104}, abstractNote={The use of carbon fiber (CF) anchors is becoming more common in structural retrofit applications. Typically, CF anchors are used to prevent or delay debonding of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates from concrete substrates, as in flexural strengthening applications. For seismic repair of reinforced concrete (RC) circular bridge columns, the role of CF anchors is typically to transfer large tensile forces from the column to adjoining members such as a footing or cap beam. Thus, the required CF anchor diameter should be large enough to resist the demand. The research presented in this paper focuses on the tensile behavior of 25 mm-diameter CF anchors to investigate the potential of large diameter CF anchors for seismic repair of RC circular bridge columns. To that end, the behavior of large diameter CF anchors was experimentally investigated through a number of pull tests to identify the impact of fan angle on the tensile rupture capacity. A unique test setup was designed and manufactured to test large diameter CF anchors. Based on the results of this study on commercially available 25 mm-diameter CF anchors, a 530 mm long fan with fan angle between 37 to 57° is recommended with a dowel embedment depth of 380 mm. When the anchor fan is well-confined with a transverse CFRP wrap a tensile capacity of 250 kN is achievable.}, journal={10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRP COMPOSITES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (CICE 2020/2021)}, author={Tasdemir, Emrah and Seracino, Rudolf and Kowalsky, Mervyn and Nau, James}, year={2022}, pages={1199–1207} }
 @article{mccoy_bourara_lucier_seracino_liu_lin_2021, title={Prestressed MF-FRP: Experimental Study of Rapid Retrofit Solution for Deteriorated Prestressed C-Channel Beams}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1943-5509"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001536}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001536}, abstractNote={AbstractThis paper presents design and installation details and full-scale test results for a prestressed mechanically fastened fiber-reinforced polymer (MF-FRP) retrofit solution that restores the...}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES}, author={McCoy, Brad C. and Bourara, Zakariya and Lucier, Gregory W. and Seracino, Rudolf and Liu, Min and Lin, Sheng-Hsuan}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{sturm_visintin_seracino_lucier_oehlers_2020, title={Flexural performance of pretensioned ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete beams with CFRP tendons}, volume={243}, ISSN={["1879-1085"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112223}, abstractNote={In this paper, the mechanical performance of pretensioned concrete girders manufactured with ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons is explored both experimentally and analytically. For the experimental investigation, four UHPFRC beams with either steel or CFRP tendons are tested under four point bending to failure. Digital image correlation is used to monitor the development of cracks. These results are then used to validate a rational analysis technique based on the modelling of concrete cracking and crushing through the application of partial interaction mechanics which is then compared to that suggested by codes of practice}, journal={COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}, author={Sturm, A. B. and Visintin, P. and Seracino, R. and Lucier, G. W. and Oehlers, D. J.}, year={2020}, month={Jul} }
 @article{sturm_visintin_vaculik_oehlers_seracino_smith_2019, title={Analytical approach for global load-slip behaviour of FRP plates externally bonded to brittle substrates with anchors}, volume={160}, ISSN={["1879-1069"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.10.024}, abstractNote={A partial interaction procedure is developed for obtaining analytical solutions for the global load-slip behaviour of fibre-reinforced polymer plates adhesively bonded and mechanically anchored to brittle substrates. This is performed by adopting a matrix approach where the slip and slip strain at any point is given by the product of a solution matrix which is a function of: the position; the zone of solution - whether it is elastic, softening or debonding; and a coefficient vector. It is shown that the procedure can be used as a convenient research tool for extracting the material bond properties from standard experimental pull-push tests, or for use in advanced numerical simulations to develop anchorage systems for structures retrofitted with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites.}, journal={COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}, author={Sturm, A. B. and Visintin, P. and Vaculik, J. and Oehlers, D. J. and Seracino, R. and Smith, S. T.}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={177–194} }
 @article{mccoy_bourara_seracino_lucier_2019, title={Anchor Bolt Patterns for Mechanically Fastened FRP Plates}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1943-5614"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000951}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000951}, abstractNote={AbstractThis paper examines the results of material testing of hybrid carbon and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plates for use in prestressed mechanically fastened applications. The small-sca...}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION}, author={McCoy, Brad C. and Bourara, Zakariya and Seracino, Rudolf and Lucier, Gregory W.}, year={2019}, month={Aug} }
 @article{mohammadian_rashetnia_lucier_seracino_pour-ghaz_2019, title={Numerical simulation and experimental corroboration of galvanic corrosion of mild steel in synthetic concrete pore solution}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1873-393X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.04.027}, abstractNote={Corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete is one of the most prevalent deterioration mechanisms affecting reinforced concrete structures. While there have been significant advances in modeling the initiation stage of corrosion, corrosion kinetic models for predicting the rate of corrosion after depassivation of steel are scarce, and models with experimental corroboration under controlled experimental conditions are virtually nonexistent. Furthermore, the sensitivity of corrosion kinetic models to the uncertainty of their input parameters is not understood. The objective of the present work is to model active corrosion of steel in synthetic solution, experimentally corroborate the modeling approach under controlled conditions, and study the effect of uncertainty of the input parameters on the model predictions. To this end, a two-dimensional finite element method is used to solve the coupled system of Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations subjected to electroneutrality constraint. To corroborate the modeling approach, the results of computations are compared against one-dimensional and two-dimensional galvanic corrosion of stainless/carbon steel in dilute and non-dilute NaCl electrolytes as well as two synthetic concrete pore solutions. The modeling parameters, including electrode polarization behaviors and electrolyte properties, are obtained experimentally. Monte Carlo simulations are used to understand the effect of uncertainty of polarization parameters on the predicted corrosion rate.}, journal={CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES}, author={Mohammadian, Armita and Rashetnia, Reza and Lucier, Gregory and Seracino, Rudolf and Pour-Ghaz, Mohammad}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={263–278} }
 @article{kazem_zhang_rizkalla_seracino_kobayashi_2018, title={CFRP shear strengthening system for steel bridge girders}, volume={175}, ISSN={["1873-7323"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.08.038}, abstractNote={This paper presents an investigation undertaken to study the effectiveness of using small-diameter CFRP strands for shear strengthening of steel bridge girders. The study includes a comprehensive experimental program to study effects of the CFRP reinforcement ratio and orientation of the strands. An analytical model, calibrated by the experimental tests, was used to provide design recommendation. Results of the study showed that the proposed strengthening system is effective in increasing the shear capacity of steel bridge girders and there was no sign of CFRP debonding or rupture failure commonly observed by CFRP laminates up to approximately 80% of the steel yield stress.}, journal={ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}, author={Kazem, Hamid and Zhang, Ye and Rizkalla, Sami and Seracino, Rudolf and Kobayashi, Akira}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={415–424} }
 @article{sadeghian_seracino_das_lucier_2018, title={Influence of geometry and fiber properties on rupture strain of cylindrical FRP jackets under internal ICE pressure}, volume={192}, ISSN={["1879-1085"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.02.077}, DOI={10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.02.077}, abstractNote={This paper presents an study on the rupture strain of cylindrical fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) jackets under internal ice pressure. A total of 45 cylindrical FRP jackets were prepared using three unidirectional carbon, glass, and basalt fabrics in three different internal diameters, namely 60, 114, and 216 mm, and one-, two-, and three-plies. Three jackets for each combination were typically tested and the average hoop rupture strains were obtained and compared to the rupture strain of flat coupons in the form of a strain efficiency factor. It was found that the strain efficiency factor ranged from 0.53 to 1.05 with an average of 0.77. A new analytical model was also developed based on the bi-axial state of stress in a cylindrical FRP jacket to obtain the rupture strain and strain efficiency factor of the FRP jacket using a closed-form solution. The model engaged four major parameters, namely: diameter, thickness, axial/transverse strength ratio, and Poisson’s ratio of the FRP jacket. The two latter parameters were eliminated after a parametric study to propose a simplified formula. The analytical and simplified models predicted the experimental strain efficiency factors with an average error of −3.4% and −4.6%, respectively.}, journal={COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sadeghian, Pedram and Seracino, Rudolf and Das, Baishali and Lucier, Gregory}, year={2018}, month={May}, pages={173–183} }
 @misc{vaculik_visintin_burton_griffith_seracino_2018, title={State-of-the-art review and future research directions for FRP-to-masonry bond research: Test methods and techniques for extraction of bond-slip behaviour}, volume={183}, ISSN={["1879-0526"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.103}, abstractNote={The effectiveness of FRP retrofits is heavily reliant on the shear bond that can be developed between the FRP and masonry substrate, which has been the focus of experimental research for almost two decades. This paper collates and critically reviews previous experimental work on the shear bond between FRP composites and masonry substrates, identifying 1583 individual pull-tests across 56 published studies. Whilst the pool of existing data is significant in terms of number of tests, it encompasses a rather narrow range of substrate material, FRP material and retrofit configuration. Most notably, the majority of tests have been undertaken on clay brick substrates, carbon FRPs and externally-bonded retrofits. By contrast, testing of natural stone substrates and near-surface-mounted retrofits has been limited. Significantly, the review identifies considerable inconsistency in the test arrangements, instrumentation methods, and data processing techniques for extracting local bond-slip properties, which has undoubtedly hindered the development of a unified bond model and codifiable design rules. Methods of extracting bond-slip behaviour from test data are critically reviewed, and importantly it is shown through numerical examples that without adequate instrumentation it is not possible to reliably extract this behaviour from standard pull-tests. Finally, suggestions for adequate instrumentation and a framework for undertaking bond-slip behaviour extraction through inverse analysis are presented. Significantly, the experimental database compiled as part of this work-thought to be the largest of its kind to date—is made openly available as an accompanying Data in Brief article with the intent that it will facilitate development of bond-strength models for FRP bonded to masonry.}, journal={CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}, author={Vaculik, J. and Visintin, P. and Burton, N. G. and Griffith, M. C. and Seracino, R.}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={325–345} }
 @article{mabry_seracino_peters_2018, title={The effects of accelerated Freeze-Thaw conditioning on CFRP strengthened concrete with pre-existing bond defects}, volume={163}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.017}, abstractNote={Despite demonstrated success in both the laboratory and in the field, significant questions remain unanswered regarding the durability of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) for strengthened concrete members. Little is known about the impact of pre-existing bond defects when subjected to harsh environmental conditions. The results from a study observing the performance of 18 small-scale CFRP-to-concrete pull test specimens is presented herein. Half of the sample set was stored in ambient laboratory conditions while the remaining sample set was subjected to 50 freeze–thaw cycles. Repeated for each condition were 3 specimens prepared without any intentional bond defects and 3 specimens containing 645 mm2 Teflon inserts, for comparison purposes. It was found that, not only did the freeze–thaw conditioning reduce the debonding capacity of the externally bonded CFRP, but that the presence of defects resulted in a greater reduction in debonding capacity following the environmental conditioning, when compared to specimens exposed to ambient conditions only. Nondestructive evaluation of the bonded interface was also performed by using Pulse Phase Thermography (PPT).}, journal={Construction and Building Materials}, author={Mabry, N. J. and Seracino, R. and Peters, Kara}, year={2018}, pages={286–295} }
 @article{sturm_visintin_oehlers_seracino_2018, title={Time-Dependent Tension-Stiffening Mechanics of Fiber-Reinforced and Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete}, volume={144}, ISSN={0733-9445 1943-541X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002107}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002107}, abstractNote={AbstractThe tension-stiffening behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete is of fundamental importance for the characterization of crack widths and spacings as well as determination of the tensile respo...}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Structural Engineering}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Sturm, A. B. and Visintin, P. and Oehlers, D. J. and Seracino, R.}, year={2018}, month={Aug}, pages={04018122} }
 @article{oehlers_visintin_chen_seracino_wu_lucas_2017, title={Reinforced Concrete Behavior, Research, Development, and Design through Partial-Interaction Mechanics}, volume={143}, ISSN={0733-9445 1943-541X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001764}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001764}, abstractNote={Forum papers are thought-provoking opinion pieces or essays founded in fact, sometimes containing speculation, on a civil engineering topic of general interest and relevance to the readership of the journal. The views expressed in this Forum article do not necessarily reflect the views of ASCE or the Editorial Board of the journal.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Structural Engineering}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Oehlers, Deric J. and Visintin, Phillip and Chen, Jian-Fei and Seracino, Rudolf and Wu, Yufei and Lucas, Wade}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={02517002} }
 @article{overby_kowalsky_seracino_2017, title={Stress-strain response of A706 grade 80 reinforcing steel}, volume={145}, ISSN={0950-0618}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.200}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.200}, abstractNote={Before ASTM A706 grade 80 rebar may be specified in the seismic design of structures, its mechanical properties must be well understood and calibrated on a statistical basis. Based on the results of 788 tensile tests of A706 grade 80 rebar encompassing bar sizes No. 4–No. 18 (approx. metric No. 13–No. 57), five major stress-strain parameters are statistically evaluated and used to develop recommendations for an expected monotonic stress-strain curve. An existing material model is shown to accurately capture the shape of the monotonic stress-strain curve. Additional tests are used to evaluate the strain-aging performance of the steel.}, journal={Construction and Building Materials}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Overby, David and Kowalsky, Mervyn and Seracino, Rudolf}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={292–302} }
 @article{mei_seracino_lv_2016, title={An experimental study on bond-type anchorages for carbon fiber-reinforced polymer cables}, volume={106}, ISSN={["1879-0526"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.059}, abstractNote={It is well-known that the axial performance of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) cables is excellent, while the lateral compression and shear strengths are low. Thus, traditional steel cable anchorages cannot be used for CFRP cables due to the local crushing failure mode that would develop. Hence, a new bond-type anchorage filled with resin was proposed and five CFRP cables were fabricated with the new anchorage, which were tested statically to failure in tension. The tensile capacity, bond strength and pullout behavior of the new anchorage for CFRP cables were observed experimentally and are presented in this paper. The load–slip behavior of the new anchorage, sustained loading effect, load–deformation curves and the stress variation between tendons in the cables are also presented and discussed. Tensile fracture of the tendons was observed for all the five cables tested with efficiency coefficients all greater than 1.00. The tensile strength and overall performance achieved by the anchorage and CFRP cable system satisfied the design requirements for use in an experimental cable-stayed bridge constructed in China.}, journal={CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}, author={Mei, Kuihua and Seracino, Rudolf and Lv, Zhitao}, year={2016}, month={Mar}, pages={584–591} }
 @article{mabry_peters_seracino_2015, title={Depth Detection of Bond Defects in Multilayered Externally Bonded CFRP-to-Concrete Using Pulse Phase Thermography}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1943-5614"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000551}, abstractNote={AbstractAlthough the practice of repairing or strengthening concrete infrastructure with externally bonded carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) has become common, the development of robust guidelines and techniques for its quality assurance, inspection, and monitoring is lagging significantly. Whereas common inspection methods (e.g., visual inspection or acoustic sounding) are sufficient to broadly identify deboned regions, it is difficult to reliably and accurately define the boundaries of bond defects, as is often required by acceptance criteria. Infrared thermography is a more sophisticated alternative, but the results of its application are influenced by ambient environmental conditions and operator interpretation of the data. Further, for applications in which multiple layers of CFRP are required, none of these techniques are capable of fully characterizing existing bond defects, including the depth through the thickness. To this end, pulse phase thermography (PPT) has the potential to more reliabl...}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION}, author={Mabry, Nehemiah J. and Peters, Kara J. and Seracino, Rudolf}, year={2015}, month={Dec} }
 @article{bobko_zadeh_seracino_2015, title={Improved schmidt method for predicting temperature development in mass concrete}, volume={112}, number={4}, journal={ACI Materials Journal}, author={Bobko, C. R. and Zadeh, V. Z. and Seracino, R.}, year={2015}, pages={579–586} }
 @article{mccoy_seracino_leming_2015, title={Modified Layered-Sectional Analysis for Forensic Investigation}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1943-5509"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000583}, abstractNote={AbstractThis paper describes a modification to the layered-sectional analysis approach, which provides the engineer with a tool to assess structural behavior of concrete beams with localized damage, a problem not well suited to classical, closed-form solutions. The modified layered-sectional analysis (MLSA) framework is applied to a forensic investigation case study in which two prestressed double-tee beams are exposed to a short duration, intense fire in a parking structure. The results of the MLSA are within 1% of the case study load test, which indicates that the MLSA could be a useful, computationally efficient tool for the investigating engineer to predict the postfire serviceability and strength of damaged beams, and potentially eliminate the need for expensive load testing. A short parametric study is included for the research engineer interested in the MLSA for predicting the postdamage behavior of non-standard materials such as enhanced sustainability concrete (ESC).}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES}, author={McCoy, Brad C. and Seracino, Rudolf and Leming, Michael L.}, year={2015}, month={Aug} }
 @inproceedings{mabry_seracino_peters_2015, title={Pulse phase thermography inspection of bond defects in environmentally conditioned FRP-to-concrete specimens}, DOI={10.12783/shm2015/55}, abstractNote={Externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite systems have emerged over the last few decades as an effective means for strengthening concrete structures. Typically these systems are installed by a process known as wet lay-up which involves the saturation of dry fibers with epoxy and applying them to the surface of a concrete member. This in-situ manual process is widely susceptible to a number of defects along the bondline due to entrapped air, moisture and other foreign inclusions. While current guidelines suggest acceptable defect sizes without the need for repair, significant research is still needed that examines the non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of such defects and the durability of FRP strengthened structures in extreme environments. Due to the speed and ease of application, acoustic sounding (hammer tapping) is among the most common inspection methods, but it is considered insufficient due to the limited information it provides and its accuracy depends on user interpretation. To this end, many have turned to Infrared Thermography (IRT) as an alternative whose use has been demonstrated by several researchers. However, its effectiveness is also affected by the operating environment. Occurrences such as surface reflection, humidity and non-uniform heating can lead to false readings that produce an inaccurate assessment of bond quality. Pulse Phase Thermography (PPT), a derivative technique, has been shown to overcome such issues by performing a Fourier Transform on the thermal data captured during the cooling period. PPT not only enables the removal of thermal noise by observing the phase values in the frequency domain, it also enjoys the benefit of rapid deployment by using shorter heating periods. This paper presents the results from a study involving the environmental conditioning of small scale, single-lap FRP-to-concrete pull-test specimens. Fifteen specimens were manufactured with and without pre-existing bond defects and were subjected to water submersion and freeze-thaw protocols. PPT inspection images were taken before and after the conditioning to observe the growth of defected areas as a result of conditioning. Also the tested performance of these specimens was examined to assess the criticality of discovered flaws. Finally, conclusions are made on the durability of the FRP-to-concrete interface when defects are initially present. doi: 10.12783/SHM2015/55}, booktitle={Structural health monitoring 2015: system reliability for verification and implementation, vols. 1 and 2}, author={Mabry, N. and Seracino, R. and Peters, Kara}, year={2015}, pages={424–431} }
 @article{bobko_edwards_seracino_zia_2015, title={Thermal Cracking of Mass Concrete Bridge Footings in Coastal Environments}, volume={29}, ISSN={0887-3828 1943-5509}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000664}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000664}, abstractNote={The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) identified several mass concrete footings in coastal bridges with cracking that needed to be assessed in the context of current North Carolina mass concrete specifications. Cracked concrete in coastal environments is of particular concern due to the higher potential for corrosion damage. Site visits were made to assess the extent of the cracking observed in mass concrete footings of three different bridges. A finite-element model was developed and used to analyze the footings and assess them for their early age thermal cracking potential. Finite-element model results showed that reasonably sized mass concrete footings that followed typical NCDOT control plans did not have a high likelihood of significant cracking from thermal stresses. However, a much larger mass concrete footing had a distinctly higher risk of significant cracking even when typical NCDOT control plans are followed. Further, cracking was even more likely when formwork was removed early. The model results correlated well with observations from the field. A comparison with temperature rise results from the Schmidt method, as implemented in the design of the mass concrete structural elements, shows the Schmidt method’s limitations in predicting temperature differences for very large mass concrete footings.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Bobko, Christopher P. and Edwards, Andrew J. and Seracino, Rudolf and Zia, Paul}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={04014171} }
 @article{hu_seracino_2014, title={Analytical Model for FRP-and-Steel-Confined Circular Concrete Columns in Compression}, volume={18}, ISSN={1090-0268 1943-5614}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000394}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000394}, abstractNote={Providing additional confinement by external fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapping is one of the most common and effective techniques for the retrofit of existing reinforced concrete columns. Over the past 2 decades, researchers have made much progress on the development of constitutive models to describe the behavior of FRP-confined circular concrete sections in compression. However, only recently have a few models been published representing the first attempts to develop a constitutive model for circular concrete columns in compression confined by both external FRP wraps and internal transverse steel. A critical review and evaluation of existing FRP-and-steel-confined concrete constitutive models highlights the need for a more robust model. This paper presents the development of a new FRP-and-steel-confined concrete in compression constitutive model for circular sections based on the passive-confinement approach. A new lateral-to-axial strain relationship and failure surface function are developed. Through a comparison with published experimental data, the accuracy of the proposed model is demonstrated.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Composites for Construction}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Hu, Hao and Seracino, Rudolf}, year={2014}, month={Jun} }
 @inproceedings{mohamed_rahman_seracino_2014, title={Numerical Analysis of Strengthened Steel Stud Bearing Walls to Resist Disproportionate Collapse}, ISBN={9780784413357}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413357.191}, DOI={10.1061/9780784413357.191}, abstractNote={Cold-formed steel stud load bearing walls have three framing components that can be utilized to enhance the resistance to disproportionate collapse in case of wall section removal from the structure; the wall lateral bracing, the wall studs, and added diagonal tension straps. Strengthening of the walls with tension straps has shown to redistribute the load of the lost wall section to the system and to enhance the resistance to disproportionate collapse in a previous paper of the authors. This paper extends the findings of the single multi-story wall system to the full 3D structure. The effects of the 3D interaction and the membrane action of the composite floor deck are investigated. The redistributed load after wall section removal is supported by the added wall strengthening system. The double studs showed effectiveness in preventing the wall from experiencing disproportionate collapse. Due to the rigidity of the composite deck floor, the diagonal strap system did not carry much force but it helped to redistribute the loads to other parts of the building.}, booktitle={Structures Congress 2014}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers}, author={Mohamed, Ismail and Rahman, Nabil A. and Seracino, R.}, year={2014}, month={Apr} }
 @article{elsaid_seracino_2014, title={Rapid assessment of foundation scour using the dynamic features of bridge superstructure}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1879-0526"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.079}, abstractNote={The ability to ensure the resiliency and to predict the future performance of coastal bridges is very dependent on identifying damages in critical components of the bridge rapidly after an event. Traditional vibration based damage detection efforts focused mainly on the detection of fatigue cracking. Although detecting fatigue cracking is important, it does not contribute significantly to the total number of bridge failures in the United States. A critical review of the up-to-date literature showed that hydraulic loading, including scour, is responsible for about 50% of the failed bridges over the period of 1989–2000. To this end, the primary focus of this research is the development and evaluation of damage detection techniques capable of rapidly identifying and possibly quantifying the extent of deterioration of critical coastal bridges due to scour at submerged piers without underwater instrumentation. This paper illustrates, for the first time, the use of horizontally-displaced mode shapes and the calculated change in the dynamic flexibility features to identify scour from the response of the bridge superstructure.}, journal={CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}, author={Elsaid, Adel and Seracino, Rudolf}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={42–49} }
 @article{rutledge_kowalsky_seracino_nau_2014, title={Repair of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns Containing Buckled and Fractured Reinforcement by Plastic Hinge Relocation}, volume={19}, ISSN={1084-0702 1943-5592}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000492}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000492}, abstractNote={AbstractThis paper describes a new repair technique that involves the use of plastic hinge relocation to restore strength and deformation capacity of RC bridge columns. Summarized is the overall repair concept and experimental results that include the reversed cyclic testing of three large-scale bridge columns that were previously damaged, repaired using the proposed methodology, and then subsequently retested. To date, two different repair alternatives were executed using unidirectional carbon fiber sheets in the hoop and longitudinal directions, the latter anchored into the RC footing with 30-mm-diameter carbon fiber anchors. A method for predicting the force-displacement responses of columns repaired in this manner was also developed and found to give reasonable results. Also included in this paper are design considerations, which are carried out in the steps needed to design a repair system to relocate the plastic hinge in a column containing buckled longitudinal reinforcement. The responses show that...}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Bridge Engineering}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Rutledge, Stephen T. and Kowalsky, Mervyn J. and Seracino, Rudolf and Nau, James M.}, year={2014}, month={Aug} }
 @article{mashrei_seracino_rahman_2013, title={Application of artificial neural networks to predict the bond strength of FRP-to-concrete joints}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1879-0526"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.109}, abstractNote={A Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) model for predicting the bond strength of FRP-to-concrete joints is proposed. Published single-lap shear test specimens were used to predict the bond strength of externally bonded FRP systems adhered to concrete prisms. A database of one hundred and fifty experimental data points from several sources was used for training and testing the BPNN. The data used in the BPNN are arranged in a format of six input parameters including: width of concrete prism; concrete cylinder compressive strength; FRP thickness; bond length; bond width (i.e. FRP width); and FRP modulus of elasticity. The one corresponding output parameter is the bond strength. A parametric study was carried out using BPNN to study the influence of each parameter on the bond strength and to compare results with common existing analytical models. The results of this study indicate that the BPNN provides an efficient alternative method for predicting the bond strength of FRP-to-concrete joints when compared to experimental results and those from existing analytical models.}, journal={CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}, author={Mashrei, Mohammed A. and Seracino, R. and Rahman, M. S.}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={812–821} }
 @article{shi_zhu_wu_seracino_wu_2013, title={Bond Behavior between Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sheet and Concrete Substrate under the Coupled Effects of Freeze-Thaw Cycling and Sustained Load}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1090-0268"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000349}, abstractNote={AbstractThis paper presents an experimental investigation on the bond behavior between basalt fiber–reinforced polymer (BFRP) sheet and concrete substrate under the coupled effects of freeze-thaw cycling and sustained load. Test variables were freeze-thaw cycles, level of sustained load, and adhesive type. Double-lap shear specimens were used in the tests, and a specially designed reaction-loading system was used to apply the sustained load during freeze-thaw cycles. Specimens with or without sustained load were exposed to up to 300 freeze-thaw cycles. A modified epoxy resin, made by adding a toughening agent to the original epoxy resin, was used in the test to study the effect of adhesive type on the durability of the BFRP–concrete interface. Coupon tests were also conducted to determine the freeze-thaw resistance of the constituent materials of the BFRP–concrete interface. After exposure, double-lap shear tests were carried out to investigate the residual bond capacity of the BFRP–concrete interface. Di...}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION}, author={Shi, Jiawei and Zhu, Hong and Wu, Zhishen and Seracino, Rudolf and Wu, Gang}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={530–542} }
 @inproceedings{mohamed_rahman_seracino_2013, title={Investigation of Cold-Formed Steel Wall Reinforcement Systems to Resist Progressive Collapse}, ISBN={9780784412848}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412848.085}, DOI={10.1061/9780784412848.085}, abstractNote={Building construction with cold-formed steel stud load-bearing walls has shown cost and construction time competiveness in military barracks projects compared to other construction material. The UFC 4-023-03 (2010) requires all new and existing military facilities of three stories or higher to be designed to avoid progressive collapse. The UFC 4-023-03 (2010) offers two general approaches: direct and indirect design. The direct design approach includes the Alternate Path method, which is based on flexural performance of the floor slab and the wall panel, as the building must bridge across removed vertical supporting elements. The indirect design approach includes the Tie Forces method. Applying progressive collapse design to steel stud bearing wall systems may necessitate an increase in the size and thickness of wall and floor framing members. Three framing components may be utilized to enhance the resistance to progressive collapse in case of wall section removal from the structure; the wall lateral bracing, the wall studs, and added tension straps. A nonlinear 3D static analysis was performed on cold formed steel stud bearing wall system to investigate the effectiveness of these framing components. It was observed that the collapse was mainly due to the global buckling of the studs adjacent to the removed wall section. However, the addition of tension straps redistributed the load of the lost wall section to the system and hence improved the resistance to progressive collapse. Adding double studs at each wall panel end delayed the global buckling of some studs. Improving the compression stiffness of the wall lateral bracing also contributed to increasing the resistance to progressive collapse. The study recommends finding a way to delay the global buckling failure mode of the studs to achieve the desired wall system resistance.}, booktitle={Structures Congress 2013}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers}, author={Mohamed, Ismail and Rahman, Nabil A. and Seracino, R.}, year={2013}, month={Apr} }
 @article{seracino_2012, title={9th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structures}, volume={15}, number={4}, journal={Advances in Structural Engineering}, author={Seracino, R.}, year={2012}, pages={I-} }
 @inbook{elsaid_seracino_2012, title={Bridge Scour Assessment Using Curvature of Horizontally Displaced Mode Shapes}, ISBN={9781461424185 9781461424192}, ISSN={2191-5644 2191-5652}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2419-2_30}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4614-2419-2_30}, abstractNote={The ability to ensure the resiliency and to predict the future performance of coastal bridges is very dependent on identifying damages in critical components of the bridge rapidly after an event. Traditional vibration-based damage detection efforts focused mainly on the detection of fatigue cracking. Although detecting fatigue cracking is important, it does not contribute significantly to the total number of bridge failures in the United States. A critical review of the up-to-date literature showed that hydraulic loading, including scour, is responsible for about 50% of failed bridges. To this end, the focus of current research is the development and evaluation of damage features capable of rapidly identifying and quantifying the extent of deterioration of critical coastal bridge structures due to scour at submerged piers following extreme storm events without underwater instrumentations. This paper illustrates the use of the curvature of horizontally displaced mode shapes and introduces a Modified Curvature Damage Factor in which the difference in curvature of all significant mode shapes can be summarized by a single quantity to study the effect of scour on the dynamic response of the structure.}, booktitle={Topics in Modal Analysis II, Volume 6}, publisher={Springer New York}, author={Elsaid, A. and Seracino, R.}, year={2012}, pages={305–311} }
 @article{mosavi_seracino_rizkalla_2012, title={Effect of Temperature on Daily Modal Variability of a Steel-Concrete Composite Bridge}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1084-0702"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000372}, abstractNote={Vibration-based damage detection techniques typically use changes of modal characteristics of bridges as a possible indication of damage. However, structural damages are not the only cause of these changes. This study investigates the effect of temperature variations on modal characteristics of a two span steel-concrete composite bridge in North Carolina, and addresses the extent and reason of the daily changes observed in its dynamic properties. The field testing included measuring vibration responses, deflections, and temperatures of the bridge throughout a summer day. The dynamic characteristics of the bridge, derived from measurements at different times of the day, were compared with each other. Recorded temperatures and deflections of the bridge deck were used to address the observed changes in the natural frequencies of the bridge. Results of the field testing showed that temperature variations can induce modal variability on a daily cycle. A primary reason for this observation can be attributed to the temperature gradients measured on the bridge deck from night to noon.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING}, author={Mosavi, Amir A. and Seracino, Rudolf and Rizkalla, Sami}, year={2012}, pages={979–983} }
 @article{mosavi_dickey_seracino_rizkalla_2012, title={Identifying damage locations under ambient vibrations utilizing vector autoregressive models and Mahalanobis distances}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0888-3270"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ymssp.2011.06.009}, abstractNote={This paper presents a study for identifying damage locations in an idealized steel bridge girder using the ambient vibration measurements. A sensitive damage feature is proposed in the context of statistical pattern recognition to address the damage detection problem. The study utilizes an experimental program that consists of a two-span continuous steel beam subjected to ambient vibrations. The vibration responses of the beam are measured along its length under simulated ambient vibrations and different healthy/damage conditions of the beam. The ambient vibration is simulated using a hydraulic actuator, and damages are induced by cutting portions of the flange at two locations. Multivariate vector autoregressive models were fitted to the vibration response time histories measured at the multiple sensor locations. A sensitive damage feature is proposed for identifying the damage location by applying Mahalanobis distances to the coefficients of the vector autoregressive models. A linear discriminant criterion was used to evaluate the amount of variations in the damage features obtained for different sensor locations with respect to the healthy condition of the beam. The analyses indicate that the highest variations in the damage features were coincident with the sensors closely located to the damages. The presented method showed a promising sensitivity to identify the damage location even when the induced damage was very small.}, journal={MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING}, author={Mosavi, A. A. and Dickey, D. and Seracino, R. and Rizkalla, S.}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={254–267} }
 @article{seliem_seracino_sumner_smith_2011, title={Case Study on the Restoration of Flexural Capacity of Continuous One-Way RC Slabs with Cutouts}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1090-0268"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000232}, abstractNote={Introducing openings in existing reinforced concrete (RC) slabs can severely weaken the slabs because of the cut out of the concrete and reinforcing steel. This paper reports field tests on the use of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite strengthening techniques to restore the flexural capacity of RC slabs after having openings cut out in the positive moment region. The uniqueness of this study is that the tests were performed on an existing multistory RC building that was scheduled for demolition. Five tests on five different slabs were conducted using three different strengthening techniques—namely, externally bonded (EB) CFRP plates, EB CFRP plates with CFRP anchors, and near-surface mounted (NSM) CFRP strips—to determine the most effective system for strengthening. Test results showed that the three strengthening techniques increased the load-carrying capacity of the slabs with openings, with the NSM technique being more effective than the EB technique. However, the use of CFRP anchors to mechanically anchor the EB plates prevented complete detachment, and hence enabled the restoration of the slab to its full flexural capacity.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION}, author={Seliem, H. M. and Seracino, R. and Sumner, E. A. and Smith, S. T.}, year={2011}, pages={992–998} }
 @article{smith_hu_kim_seracino_2011, title={FRP-strengthened RC slabs anchored with FRP anchors}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1873-7323"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.11.018}, abstractNote={An abundance of tests over the last two decades has shown the bending capacity of flexural members such as reinforced concrete (RC) beams and slabs to be enhanced by the bonding of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to their tension face. The propensity of the FRP to debond, however, limits its effectiveness. Different types of anchorages have therefore been investigated in order to delay or even prevent debonding. The so-called FRP anchor, which is made from rolled fibre sheets or bundles of lose fibres, is particularly suitable for anchoring FRP composites to a variety of structural element shapes. Studies that assess the effectiveness of FRP anchors in anchoring FRP strengthening in flexural members is, however, limited. This paper in turn reports a series of tests on one-way spanning simply supported RC slabs which have been strengthened in flexure with tension face bonded FRP composites and anchored with different arrangements of FRP anchors. The load–deflection responses of all slab tests are plotted, in addition to selected strain results. The behaviours of the specimens including the failure modes are also discussed. The greatest enhancement in load and deflection experienced by the six slabs strengthened with FRP plates and anchored with FRP anchors was 30% and 110%, respectively, over the unanchored FRP-strengthened control slab. The paper also discusses the strategic placement of FRP anchors for optimal strength and deflection enhancement in FRP-strengthened RC slabs.}, number={4}, journal={ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}, author={Smith, Scott T. and Hu, Shenghua and Kim, Seo Jin and Seracino, Rudolf}, year={2011}, month={Apr}, pages={1075–1087} }
 @article{vincent_ozbakkaloglu_seracino_kaggwa_2011, title={Influence of variations in concrete material properties on the serviceability of reinforced and prestressed concrete flexural members}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1873-7323"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.09.022}, abstractNote={The effect of statistical variance associated with concrete material properties for different concrete mixes, curing conditions and ages are reported in this paper. The concrete mixes that were analysed are the commonly used Australian N32 and N40 mixes. Samples of concrete were extracted from concrete trucks on site to ensure that the concrete had been exposed to batching and transport processes associated with typical concrete supply. Curing times for test samples ranged from 7 to 28 days. The test frequency was significantly increased for testing samples at 7 and 28 days due to their importance as commonly referenced values in design. Variations of recorded material properties with respect to time and curing conditions are established via a statistical analysis. A Monte Carlo simulation, incorporating the statistical parameters of material properties as input, was applied to serviceability deflection predictions. A statistical prediction of member deflection was established and analysed depending on the variability of material properties. This paper presents an alternative approach to predicting deflections based on the variability that occurs with concrete material properties.}, number={1}, journal={ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}, author={Vincent, T. and Ozbakkaloglu, T. and Seracino, R. and Kaggwa, W.}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={99–106} }
 @article{elsaid_dawood_seracino_bobko_2011, title={Mechanical properties of kenaf fiber reinforced concrete}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1879-0526"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.052}, abstractNote={This paper presents the findings of an experimental research program that was conducted to study the mechanical properties of a natural fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) which is made using the bast fibers of the kenaf plant. The kenaf plant is quickly developing as a replacement crop for the dwindling tobacco industry in the south-eastern United States. Appropriate mixture proportions and mixing procedures are recommended to produce kenaf FRC (KFRC) with fiber volume contents of 1.2% and 2.4%. The compressive strength, compressive modulus, splitting tensile strength and modulus of rupture of KFRC specimens are presented and compared to the properties of plain concrete control specimens. The experimental results indicate that the mechanical properties of KFRC are comparable to those of plain concrete control specimens, particularly when accounting for the effect of the increased w/c ratio required to produce workable KFRC. Further, the results indicate that KFRC generally exhibits more distributed cracking and higher toughness than plain concrete. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM’s) indicate that a good bond between the kenaf fibers and the surrounding matrix is achieved. The SEM’s also provide interesting information regarding the mechanisms which contribute to the failure and post-peak behavior of the KFRC which may be beneficial to future modeling efforts. The research findings indicate that KFRC is a promising ‘green’ construction material which could potentially be used in a number of different structural applications.}, number={4}, journal={CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}, author={Elsaid, A. and Dawood, M. and Seracino, R. and Bobko, C.}, year={2011}, month={Apr}, pages={1991–2001} }
 @article{vasquez_seracino_2010, title={Assessment of the Predictive Performance of Existing Analytical Models for Debonding of Near-Surface Mounted FRP Strips}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2048-4011"]}, DOI={10.1260/1369-4332.13.2.299}, abstractNote={ The near-surface mounted (NSM) strengthening technique, in which pultruded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plates or bars are adhesively bonded into grooves cut in the concrete cover, has proven to overcome several of the drawbacks of externally bonded FRP plates on reinforced concrete flexural members. However, as research on the NSM technique is relatively recent, the theoretical foundation for its application is not yet as complete, and some of the debonding mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This paper presents the main findings of a literature review aimed at identifying the existing analytical models to predict the debonding strength of reinforced concrete flexural elements retrofitted with NSM FRP strips, and of a thorough assessment of the adequacy of such models by comparison with all relevant published experimental data. It is concluded that for debonding of NSM FRP strips induced by flexural (or flexural-shear) cracking or the critical diagonal shear crack of the reinforced concrete member, the currently available models capture the behavior of the debonding mechanism and provide reasonably conservative estimations of the debonding strength. However, for debonding induced by stress concentrations at the strip ends, existing models do not fully capture the debonding behavior and as such, are shown to be excessively conservative. }, number={2}, journal={ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING}, author={Vasquez, D. and Seracino, R.}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={299–308} }
 @article{petersen_masia_seracino_2010, title={In-Plane Shear Behavior of Masonry Panels Strengthened with NSM CFRP Strips. I: Experimental Investigation}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1090-0268"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000134}, abstractNote={An experimental investigation was conducted to study the in-plane shear behavior of masonry panels strengthened with near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber-reinforced polymer strips (CFRP). As part of the study four unreinforced masonry panels and seven strengthened panels were tested in diagonal tension/shear. Different reinforcement orientations were used including vertical, horizontal, and a combination of both. The effect of nonsymmetric reinforcement was also studied. The results of these tests are presented in this paper, and include the load-displacement behaviors, crack patterns, failure modes, and FRP strains. The results showed that the vertically aligned reinforcement was the most effective, with significant increases in strength and ductility observed. The dowel strength of the vertical reinforcement did not likely contribute significantly to the shear resistance of the masonry. Instead, it was likely that the vertical reinforcement acted in tension to restrain shear induced dilation and rest...}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION}, author={Petersen, Robert B. and Masia, Mark J. and Seracino, Rudolf}, year={2010}, pages={754–763} }
 @article{petersen_masia_seracino_2010, title={In-Plane Shear Behavior of Masonry Panels Strengthened with NSM CFRP Strips. II: Finite-Element Model}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1090-0268"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000137}, abstractNote={A combined experimental and numerical program was conducted to study the in-plane shear behavior of clay brick masonry walls strengthened with near surface mounting carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips. This paper is focused on the numerical program. A two-dimensional finite-element (FE) model was used to simulate the behavior of FRP-strengthened wall tests. The masonry was modeled using the micromodeling approach. The FRP was attached to the masonry mesh using the shear bond-slip relationships determined from experimental pull tests. The model was designed in a way so that FRP crossing a sliding crack (perpendicularly) would prevent crack opening, normal to the direction of sliding (dilation), and increase sliding resistance. This sliding resisting mechanism was observed in the experimental tests. The FE model reproduced the key behaviors observed in the experiments, including the load-displacement response, crack development, and FRP reinforcement contribution. The FE model did not include maso...}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION}, author={Petersen, Robert B. and Masia, Mark J. and Seracino, Rudolf}, year={2010}, pages={764–774} }
 @inproceedings{bobko_elsaid_dawood_zanjanizedah_seracino_2010, title={Natural fiber reinforced concrete: Microstructure, internal curing, and mechanical properties from nanoindentation and macroscopic testing}, booktitle={ASCE Engineering Mechanics Institute Conference}, author={Bobko, C. and Elsaid, A.H and Dawood, M. and Zanjanizedah, V. and Seracino, R.}, year={2010} }
 @article{willis_seracino_griffith_2010, title={Out-of-plane strength of brick masonry retrofitted with horizontal NSM CFRP strips}, volume={32}, ISSN={["0141-0296"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.10.015}, abstractNote={The magnitude of damage possible in unreinforced brick masonry construction subjected to high levels of out-of-plane loading is well understood. Due to the large global building stock of masonry structures, it is essential that efficient retrofitting techniques be developed. The use of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) strips has been shown to improve the load-carrying and displacement capacities of masonry sections subjected to out-of-plane loading. This paper presents the results of an experimental and theoretical investigation into the behaviour of modern clay brick masonry retrofitted with horizontally oriented FRP strips subjected to horizontal bending. Experimental tests were conducted on four masonry wallettes retrofitted with horizontal near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon FRP strips, subjected to horizontal bending. The specimens were tested in a vertical orientation with variation in vertical compressive loading. The application of compressive load improved the FRP confinement efficiency, and thus increased the maximum strength of the specimens. The primary failure modes were displacement induced (DI) debonding and FRP buckling. Mathematical models were developed to predict the moment at cracking and moment capacity for the specimens. The models explicitly account for the flexural strengths of the mortar and brick units, the torsional resistance of the bed joints, the NSM FRP, as well as the contributions to bed joint shear strength from the vertical compressive stress and friction. The proposed mathematical models were validated against the results of the experimental tests.}, number={2}, journal={ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}, author={Willis, C. R. and Seracino, R. and Griffith, M. C.}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={547–555} }
 @inproceedings{mosavi_dickey_seracino_rizkalla_2010, title={Time-series models for identifying damage location in structural members subjected to ambient vibrations}, volume={7650}, booktitle={Health monitoring of structural and biological systems 2010, pts 1 and 2}, author={Mosavi, A. A. and Dickey, D. and Seracino, R. and Rizkalla, S. H.}, year={2010} }
 @article{petersen_masia_seracino_2009, title={Bond Behavior of Near-Surface Mounted FRP Strips Bonded to Modern Clay Brick Masonry Prisms: Influence of Strip Orientation and Compression Perpendicular to the Strip}, volume={13}, ISSN={1090-0268 1943-5614}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2009)13:3(169)}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000002}, abstractNote={In this paper the results of 18 pull tests performed on clay brick masonry prisms strengthened with near-surface mounted carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips are presented. The pull tests were designed to add to the existing database and investigate variables significant to masonry construction. FRP was bonded to solid clay brick masonry; FRP aligned both perpendicular and parallel to the bed joint; and in the case of FRP reinforcement aligned parallel to the bed joint, compression applied perpendicular to the strip was used to simulate vertical compression load in masonry walls. Results including bond strength, critical bond length, and the local bond-slip relationship are presented as well as a discussion on the effect of the new variables on these results.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Composites for Construction}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Petersen, Robert B. and Masia, Mark J. and Seracino, Rudolf}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={169–178} }
 @article{petersen_masia_seracino_2009, title={Bond behavior of near-surface mounted frp strips bonded to modern clay brick masonry prisms: Influence of strip orientation and compression perpendicular to the strip}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2009)13:3(169)}, abstractNote={In this paper the results of 18 pull tests performed on clay brick masonry prisms strengthened with near-surface mounted carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips are presented. The pull tests were designed to add to the existing database and investigate variables significant to masonry construction. FRP was bonded to solid clay brick masonry; FRP aligned both perpendicular and parallel to the bed joint; and in the case of FRP reinforcement aligned parallel to the bed joint, compression applied perpendicular to the strip was used to simulate vertical compression load in masonry walls. Results including bond strength, critical bond length, and the local bond-slip relationship are presented as well as a discussion on the effect of the new variables on these results.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Composites for Construction}, author={Petersen, R. B. and Masia, M. J. and Seracino, R.}, year={2009}, pages={169–178} }
 @article{willis_yang_seracino_griffith_2009, title={Bond behaviour of FRP-to-clay brick masonry joints}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1873-7323"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.06.006}, abstractNote={The out-of-plane bending and in-plane shear response of unreinforced modern clay brick masonry walls retrofitted with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) strips is often governed by debonding failure mechanisms. Hence, it is necessary to quantify the fundamental interface bond–slip model, which describes the debonding behaviour of the FRP-to-masonry interface. This paper presents the results of a series of 29 pull tests investigating the use of externally bonded (EB) and near surface mounted (NSM) retrofitting techniques. Test variables included: surface preparation; geometric properties; location of FRP (relative to perpend joints and cores); bonding agent of bed joints (mortar and quick drying paste); bonding method for glass fibre sheets (plate bonding and dry lay-up); and FRP material. A discussion of the test results and preliminary practical recommendations are also provided. A model used to predict the intermediate crack debonding resistance was verified against the test data. The model is generic in that it is applicable to both the EB and NSM retrofitting techniques. This generic model was shown to give very good ultimate strength predictions for the series of 29 pull tests conducted as part of this research.}, number={11}, journal={ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}, author={Willis, C. R. and Yang, Q. and Seracino, R. and Griffith, M. C.}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={2580–2587} }
 @article{willis_yang_seracino_griffith_2009, title={Damaged masonry walls in two-way bending retrofitted with vertical FRP strips}, volume={23}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.09.007}, abstractNote={Unreinforced masonry (hereafter termed 'masonry') structures comprise a significant proportion of the building stock in many countries worldwide, however their walls do not behave well under out-of-plane loading, such as that experienced during seismic events. Consequently, many existing masonry structures require some form of retrofit to comply with existing codes. As part of ongoing research at The University of Adelaide on the out-of-plane bending behaviour of masonry walls, eight full-scale walls (with window openings) were tested under reversed-cyclic loading. Four of the severely damaged walls were subsequently retrofitted using externally bonded (EB) (three walls) and near-surface mounted (NSM) (one wall) fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) strips and tested again to quantify the increase in strength and ductility relative to the original capacities. A debonding mechanism not yet quantified for retrofitted masonry walls was observed and identified as displacement induced (DI) debonding. It is a result of a differential out-of-plane displacement at either side of a crack in the wall. NSM strips are more susceptible due to their orientation. This paper presents the results of the wall tests along with detailed accounts of the wall failure modes.}, number={4}, journal={Construction & Building Materials}, author={Willis, C. R. and Yang, Q. and Seracino, R. and Griffith, M. C.}, year={2009}, pages={1591–1604} }
 @article{putra_ngothai_ozbakkaloglu_seracino_2009, title={Mineral Filler Reinforcement for Commingled Recycled-Plastic Materials}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, DOI={10.1002/app.29861}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Putra, H. D. and Ngothai, Y. and Ozbakkaloglu, T. and Seracino, R.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={3470–3481} }
 @article{oehlers_haskett_wu_seracino_2008, title={Embedding NSM FRP plates for improved IC debonding resistance}, volume={12}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2008)12:6(635)}, abstractNote={The use of near surface mounted (NSM) fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) strips for strengthening reinforced concrete structures shows great promise as the strains at intermediate crack (IC) debonding are generally much greater than for externally bonded FRP strips. In this research, the NSM technique is taken a step further by embedding the NSM strip, i.e., is by providing cover to the strip. It is shown that embedment can increase the IC debonding resistance by up to three times. Importantly, embedment allows: substantially larger strains at IC debonding and, hence, greater ductility; the use of larger cross sections of FRP plate; and, through providing cover to the NSM, may be the first step in enhancing the fire resistance. In this paper, 20 new pull tests are described from which mathematical expressions are developed for the effect of embedment on both the IC debonding resistance and its associated local bond stress–slip (τ–δ) relationship.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Composites for Construction}, author={Oehlers, D. J. and Haskett, M. and Wu, C. Q. and Seracino, R.}, year={2008}, pages={635–642} }
 @article{rashid_oehlers_seracino_2008, title={IC debonding of FRP NSM and EB retrofitted concrete: Plate and cover interaction tests}, volume={12}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2008)12:2(160)}, abstractNote={The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) externally bonded (EB) plates is widely accepted as an efficient and unobtrusive retrofitting technique. FRP near-surface mounted plates are now also gradually gaining acceptance due to their substantial increase in debonding strains over EB plates. However tests have shown that the intermediate crack (IC) debonding resistances of FRP plates can be reduced by their interaction with adjacent parallel plates and with parallel free surfaces, that is the cover; this is often reflected in design rules where the IC debonding resistance of individual plates depends on the width of the plate as a proportion of the width of the concrete specimen and on the cover. In this paper, 22 new pull tests are reported that study the IC debonding interaction with adjacent plates and cover. The results are encouraging as they show that there is little reduction in the IC debonding resistance until the lateral cover or gap between plates is relatively small.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Composites for Construction}, author={Rashid, R. and Oehlers, D. J. and Seracino, R.}, year={2008}, pages={160–167} }
 @article{oehlers_rashid_seracino_2008, title={IC debonding resistance of groups of FRP NSM strips in reinforced concrete beams}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1879-0526"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.03.021}, abstractNote={The use of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) externally bonded (EB) plates in the form of pultruded and wet lay-up plates is now generally accepted as an efficient and unobtrusive technique for retrofitting reinforced concrete structures and is applied worldwide. However, EB plates, and in particular EB pultruded plates, tend to debond at strains much lower than their fracture strains. An alternative technique of adhesively bonding pultruded plates or strips in narrow grooves sawn into the concrete cover, that is near surface mounted (NSM) plates or strips, is now gradually gaining acceptance as tests have shown that the debonding strains can be much higher than that for EB plates. However, tests have also shown that NSM plates can interact with adjacent parallel NSM plates to cause intermediate crack (IC) debonding of groups of NSM strips at reduced strengths. This paper develops a mathematical model for the IC debonding resistance of groups of NSM plates for use in the flexural and shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams.}, number={7}, journal={CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}, author={Oehlers, D. J. and Rashid, R. and Seracino, R.}, year={2008}, month={Jul}, pages={1574–1582} }
 @article{ali_oehlers_griffith_seracino_2008, title={Interfacial stress transfer of near surface-mounted FRP-to-concrete joints}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1873-7323"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.12.006}, abstractNote={Adhesively bonding carbon FRP (CFRP) plates to the surfaces of reinforced concrete structures is now a well-established form of retrofitting with advanced design rules and mathematical models that quantify the debonding mechanisms. However, externally bonded plates tend to debond at low strains which limits the effectiveness of this retrofitting technique. Tests have shown that near surface-mounted CFRP plates, where the FRP plate is inserted and bonded to the grooves cut into the concrete cover, substantially increase the debonding strain which in turn leads to significant increases in material efficiency as well as flexural strength and ductility. In this paper, mathematical models and design equations are developed for predicting the intermediate crack debonding capacities of near surface-mounted plates and their accuracy is demonstrated by comparisons with test results.}, number={7}, journal={ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}, author={Ali, M. S. Mohamed and Oehlers, D. J. and Griffith, M. C. and Seracino, R.}, year={2008}, month={Jul}, pages={1861–1868} }
 @article{seracino_chen_hollaway_2007, volume={21}, ISSN={0950-0618}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.06.005}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.06.005}, number={4}, journal={Construction and Building Materials}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Seracino, R. and Chen, J.F. and Hollaway, L.}, year={2007}, month={Apr}, pages={695–696} }
 @article{oehlers_liu_seracino_2007, title={A generic design approach for EB and NSM longitudinally plated RC beams}, volume={21}, ISSN={0950-0618}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.06.018}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.06.018}, abstractNote={There has been much good research on adhesive bonding plates to existing reinforced concrete structures which is now readily available in the form of published books or guidelines. Most of the fundamental and unique failure modes of plated structures have now been identified and quantified and research has reached the stage where it can be applied as design in practice and with confidence. This paper brings together this research and shows that the fundamental behaviour of plated structures can be described in generic terms for all forms of plating, which will eventually enable generic design rules to be developed for all types of adhesive plating. A generic design procedure is presented for adhesive bonding longitudinal plates to reinforced concrete (RC) beams and slabs: that applies to both externally bonded (EB) plates and near surface mounted (NSM) plates; that can be applied to prestressed and unprestressed beams; that covers all plate materials, plate configurations and plate adhesion to any surface; covers all four major debonding mechanisms at serviceability or ultimate limit states; and quantifies the flexural and shear strengths as well as the ductility associated with moment redistribution.}, number={4}, journal={Construction and Building Materials}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Oehlers, Deric John and Liu, Irene and Seracino, Rudolf}, year={2007}, month={Apr}, pages={697–708} }
 @article{seracino_jones_ali_page_oehlers_2007, title={Bond strength of near-surface mounted FRP strip-to-concrete joints}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:4(401)}, abstractNote={The retrofitting technique of near-surface mounting (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars/strips is receiving more attention recently due to a number of advantages over the externally bonded technique. However, there is insufficient data available in the existing literature to quantify the intermediate crack (IC) debonding mechanism of reinforced concrete members retrofitted with longitudinal NSM strips. As it is recognized that simple push — pull specimens simulate the IC debonding mechanism observed in retrofitted flexural members, this paper presents the results of a series of 36 push — pull tests using NSM strips to quantify the bond strength of such FRP-to-concrete joints. It is proposed that the confinement effect of the concrete surrounding the interface debonding crack improves the shear stress transfer mechanism resulting in higher debonding plate strains compared with externally bonded plates. A nonlinear statistical analysis of the experimental data was undertaken to develop a model to predict the maximum axial plate force for IC debonding, taken at a critical bonded length of 200 mm.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Composites for Construction}, author={Seracino, R. and Jones, N. M. and Ali, S. M. and Page, M. W. and Oehlers, D. J.}, year={2007}, pages={401–409} }
 @article{seracino_saifulnaz_oehlers_2007, title={Generic debonding resistance of EB and NSM plate-to-concrete joints}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:1(62)}, abstractNote={It is well established that adhesively bonding plates to the surfaces of reinforced concrete members is an efficient retrofitting approach. Specifically, two techniques have emerged: Using thin externally bonded (EB) sheets/plates and near-surface mounted (NSM) strips/bars. A good amount of research has been undertaken worldwide to understand the fundamental behavior describing such adhesively bonded plate-to-concrete joints. Unfortunately, until now, no generic model exists to determine the debonding resistance of both retrofitting techniques. In this paper, a generic analytical model is derived to determine the debonding resistance of any adhesively bonded plate-to-concrete joint using an idealized linear-softening local interface bond-slip relationship. The model is derived using a unique definition of the debonding failure plane and confinement ratio such that it is suitable for both the externally bonded and near-surface mounted techniques. The model is validated by comparison with existing push-pull...}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Composites for Construction}, author={Seracino, R. and Saifulnaz, M. R. R. and Oehlers, D. J.}, year={2007}, pages={62–70} }
 @article{liu_oehlers_seracino_2007, title={Study of intermediate crack debonding in adhesively plated beams}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:2(175)}, abstractNote={The main disadvantage of reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with steel or fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plates adhesively bonded to the external surfaces is the premature debonding of the plates before reaching the desired strength or ductility. One of the main mechanisms of debonding failure is intermediate crack (IC) debonding, which is initiated by the formation of flexural cracks in the vicinity of the plates causing slip to occur at the plate/concrete interfaces. Much of the existing research focuses on the bond.slip relationship at the plate/concrete interface, with a lack of attention on the IC debonding behavior of flexural members. In this research, a model is described for IC debonding of plated RC beams that is based on partial interaction theory. To allow a better understanding of the IC debonding behavior of plated members, studies are carried out using the proposed model to study the effects of variations in crack spacings and rate of change of moment, and it is shown that both of these factors as well as the number of cracks in the beam can have large effects on the local behavior and the resultant strains in the plated member.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Composites for Construction}, author={Liu, I. S. T. and Oehlers, D. J. and Seracino, R.}, year={2007}, pages={175–183} }
 @article{liu_oehlers_seracino_ju_2006, title={Moment redistribution parametric study of CFRP, GFRP and steel surface plated RC beams and slabs}, volume={20}, ISSN={0950-0618}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.038}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.038}, abstractNote={It is common practice these days to retrofit reinforced concrete (RC) beams and slabs by adhesive bonding FRP or steel plates to their surfaces. However, research has shown that these external plates can debond prematurely at relatively low strains such that the ability of the plated section to redistribute moment to other sections is severely limited and to such an extent that guidelines often preclude moment redistribution. This restriction may severely limit the use of plating in buildings where ductility is a requirement. Tests on steel and FRP plated continuous beams have shown that moment redistribution can occur and a design procedure has been developed to determine the amount of moment redistribution for any type of adhesively bonded plated section, and for any type of plate material, such as steel or FRP plates. In this paper, an analysis approach to quantify the amount of moment redistribution is described and the concepts of positive and negative moment redistribution introduced. A parametric study is then used to illustrate how the plate material and geometric properties affect moment redistribution; in particular, the study looks at the effect of using carbon FRP plates and glass FRP plates, as well as steel plates that have been designed to either debond prior to yielding or yield prior to IC debonding. In summary, the paper will show that plated sections can redistribute moment and, hence, the present restriction can be removed which should extend the use of retrofitting by plating. Furthermore, the moment redistribution analysis procedure allows the engineer the freedom to choose the properties of the plate to design for moment redistribution.}, number={1-2}, journal={Construction and Building Materials}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Liu, Irene and Oehlers, Deric John and Seracino, Rudolf and Ju, Gisu}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={59–70} }
 @inproceedings{seracino_2006, title={Partial-Interaction Fatigue Assessment of Continuous Composite Steel-Concrete Bridge Beams}, ISBN={9780784408261}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40826(186)10}, DOI={10.1061/40826(186)10}, abstractNote={Since the introduction of mechanical forms of shear connection in the 1950s to provide the composite action in steel-concrete beams, engineers typically assume full-interaction behaviour because of its simplicity and conservativeness with respect to the fatigue design of the shear connection. However, as the need to assess bridges increases for increased allowable live loads, remedial work or extended lives, so too does the need for improved analytical assessment techniques. This paper presents the simplified tiered assessment technique for continuous composite steel-concrete beams quantifying the decrease in the stress range resisted by the shear connection and the increase in the flexural stress allowing for partial-interaction. The advantages of this technique are its relative simplicity and applicability to continuous beams of any number of spans and variable span lengths, cross-section and connector distribution.}, booktitle={Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete V}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers}, author={Seracino, Rudolf}, year={2006}, month={Feb} }
 @article{mohamed ali_oehlers_seracino_2006, title={Vertical shear interaction model between external FRP transverse plates and internal steel stirrups}, volume={28}, ISSN={0141-0296}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.08.010}, DOI={10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.08.010}, abstractNote={A convenient and proven technique for increasing the vertical shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams is to externally bond fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) to the sides of the beam with the fibres orientated in the transverse or vertical direction. The FRP, which can be in the form of pultruded plates or applied in the wet lay-up procedure, acts as external FRP stirrups resisting vertical shear in the same way as the conventional internal steel stirrups. However, internal steel stirrups are ductile as they are both fully anchored and can yield, which is in contrast to external FRP stirrups that can debond in a brittle fashion and do not yield. Hence, there is no guarantee that the peak vertical shear forces that can be resisted by the steel stirrups and by the transverse FRP plates coincide. In this paper, a partial-interaction model has been developed that quantifies the vertical shear interaction between transverse FRP plates and steel stirrups.}, number={3}, journal={Engineering Structures}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mohamed Ali, M.S. and Oehlers, D.J. and Seracino, R.}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={381–389} }
 @article{oehlers_liu_seracino_2005, title={The Gradual Formation of Hinges Throughout Reinforced Concrete Beams#}, volume={33}, ISSN={1539-7734 1539-7742}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15367730500458234}, DOI={10.1080/15367730500458234}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The rotational capacity of reinforced concrete beams is of funda-mental importance to the collapse of reinforced concrete structures. Research that started in the eighties used numerical approaches to simulate the rotational behavior using discrete and independent blocks encompassed by adjacent cracks. In this paper, these numerical approaches are taken a stage further. A numerical procedure has been developed that: allows for the interaction between the blocks along the full length of concrete beams; can cope with any number of layers of reinforcing bars; automatically predicts the occurrence of flexural cracks; and automatically allows for slip of the reinforcing bars.}, number={3-4}, journal={Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Oehlers, D. J. and Liu, I.S. T. and Seracino, R.}, year={2005}, month={Jul}, pages={373–398} }
 @article{yuan_teng_seracino_wu_yao_2004, title={Full-range behavior of FRP-to-concrete bonded joints}, volume={26}, ISSN={0141-0296}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2003.11.006}, DOI={10.1016/j.engstruct.2003.11.006}, abstractNote={External bonding of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has become a popular technique for strengthening concrete structures all over the world. The performance of the interface between FRP and concrete is one of the key factors affecting the behavior of the strengthened structure, and has been widely studied using simple shear tests on FRP plate/sheet-to-concrete bonded joints. While a great deal of research is now available on the behavior of these bonded joints, no closed-form analytical solution has been presented which is capable of predicting the entire debonding propagation process. This paper presents such an analytical solution, in which the realistic bi-linear local bond–slip law is employed. Expressions for the interfacial shear stress distribution and load–displacement response are derived for different loading stages. It is also shown how experimental load–displacement responses of these joints can be used to quantify interfacial properties, including the interfacial fracture energy and parameters of the local bond–slip relationship. The debonding process is discussed in detail and the analytical results are compared with experimental data. Finally, results from the analytical solution are presented to illustrate how the bond length and the plate stiffness affect the behavior of such bonded joints. While the emphasis of the paper is on FRP-to-concrete joints, the analytical solution is equally applicable to similar joints between thin plates of other materials (e.g. steel and aluminum) and concrete.}, number={5}, journal={Engineering Structures}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yuan, H. and Teng, J.G. and Seracino, R. and Wu, Z.S. and Yao, J.}, year={2004}, month={Apr}, pages={553–565} }
 @article{oehlers_ju_liu_seracino_2004, title={Moment redistribution in continuous plated RC flexural members. Part 1: neutral axis depth approach and tests}, volume={26}, ISSN={0141-0296}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.08.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.08.003}, abstractNote={It is now common practice to retrofit or rehabilitate existing reinforced concrete beams and slabs by adhesively bonding fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) or metal plates to their surfaces. Advanced design rules are available for quantifying the various plate debonding mechanisms and consequently the shear and flexural capacities of the plated sections. These design rules show that even though the required increase in strength can be obtained by plating, plate debonding can severely reduce the ductility of a flexural member to such an extent that plating guidelines often exclude moment redistribution. This exclusion may reduce the application of plating, in particular to retrofitting buildings where ductility is often a requirement, or it may require the development of a radically different approach to design that does not rely implicitly on ductility. In this paper, it is shown that the commonly used neutral axis depth approach for moment redistribution in RC flexural members cannot be used for most plated structures because plate debonding often occurs before the concrete crushes. Tests on plated flexural members are also reported which show that moment redistribution can occur. In Part 2 of this paper, a moment redistribution analysis procedure is developed that can cope with plate debonding of externally bonded plates.}, number={14}, journal={Engineering Structures}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Oehlers, D.J. and Ju, G. and Liu, I.S.T. and Seracino, R.}, year={2004}, month={Dec}, pages={2197–2207} }
 @article{oehlers_liu_ju_seracino_2004, title={Moment redistribution in continuous plated RC flexural members. Part 2: Flexural rigidity approach}, volume={26}, ISSN={0141-0296}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.08.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.08.004}, abstractNote={Adhesive bonding plates to the surfaces of reinforced concrete members is now frequently used to increase both the strength and stiffness. However, because of the brittle nature of the plate debonding mechanisms, plating is often assumed to reduce the ductility to such an extent that guidelines often preclude moment redistribution. Tests on seven full-scale flexural members have shown that significant amounts of moment can be redistributed from steel and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) plated regions. In this paper, a procedure is developed for quantifying the amount of moment redistribution that can occur in externally bonded steel or FRP plated members which can be used to design plated members for ductility.}, number={14}, journal={Engineering Structures}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Oehlers, D.J. and Liu, I.S.T. and Ju, G. and Seracino, R.}, year={2004}, month={Dec}, pages={2209–2218} }
 @article{seracino_lee_lim_lim_2004, title={Partial interaction stresses in continuous composite beams under serviceability loads}, volume={60}, ISSN={0143-974X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.01.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.01.002}, abstractNote={The number of fatigue assessments of composite bridges is growing rapidly worldwide due to increasing allowable load limits and because many of the bridges are reaching the end of their anticipated design life. Special attention is usually given to predicting the residual endurance or strength of the shear connection because it cannot be visually inspected. However, the increased stresses in the steel and concrete components due to partial interaction must also be considered in a fatigue assessment. Based on linear elastic partial interaction theory, this paper develops a simplified procedure to predict the partial interaction curvature in continuous composite beams. When used in conjunction with focal points, the partial interaction flexural stresses in the steel and concrete components can be determined and used to more accurately predict the residual strength or endurance of the composite section. This research extends the tiered assessment approach previously published for simply supported beams so that it is now applicable to composite beams with any number of spans, span lengths, shear connection distribution and cross-section. The technique is validated using a finite element program developed to model the behaviour of composite structures and the procedure is demonstrated in an illustrative assessment.}, number={10}, journal={Journal of Constructional Steel Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Seracino, Rudolf and Lee, Chow T. and Lim, Tze C. and Lim, Jwo Y.}, year={2004}, month={Oct}, pages={1525–1543} }