@article{patel_gopali_reddy_patel_2022, title={Baseball-related ocular injuries in the United States: a 10-year analysis}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1746-9902"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85125141164&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/17469899.2022.2039629}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Background To analyze the incidence of baseball-related ocular injuries, mechanisms commonly associated with precipitating trauma, and secondary visual sequelae, and explore the age and sex-specific variations in the distributions of these variables. Methods Baseball-related ocular injuries presenting to the emergency department (ED) were identified using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for 2011 through 2020. Age, sex, diagnosis, mechanism of injury, visual sequela, and patient disposition were analyzed. Statistical comparisons were performed using the chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results 558 ED presentations were captured, translating to an average national incidence of 1,492 events. The incidence of trauma declined notably. Most encounters involved pediatric (≤18) and male patients (82.6% and 87.6%, respectively). Patients commonly presented with contusions or abrasions (41.4%). Contact with the baseball was the most frequently mentioned mechanism of injury (87.6%). There was a significant age-related (P = 0.009) difference in the distributions of diagnoses. 7.3% of patients had a visual sequela. Conclusions There was a declining incidence of baseball-related ocular injuries presenting to the ED. However, the long-term complications of injuries could not be explored. Further efforts are required to understand the implications of ocular injuries to ensure patients receive appropriate protections.}, journal={EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Patel, Parth A. and Gopali, Rhea and Reddy, Anvith and Patel, Kajol K.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{barpujari_mehra_singh_wang_sherman_gopali_deme_reddy_hoyt_2022, title={Political Campaign Contributions of Surgeons in the United States Throughout the 2020 Election Cycle}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2168-6262"]}, DOI={10.1001/jamasurg.2022.0798}, abstractNote={Importance
Political engagement by the physician workforce is necessary to ensure continued representation of their interests in health care legislation. Limited data are available pertaining to the political involvement of US surgeons.


Objective
To analyze the magnitude and distribution of political donations made by all US surgeons throughout the 2020 election cycle.


Design, Setting, and Participants
Partisan and geographical differences in surgeon contributions by aggregating data (January 1 through December 31, 2020) from the US Federal Election Commission database were analyzed. Contributions were labeled as Republican, Democrat, or independent depending on the committee they were designated to.


Main Outcomes and Measures
Differences in contributions to Republicans, Democrats, and independent candidates for all US surgeons and for subgroups.


Results
For the 2020 election year, a total of 53 944 donations were made by surgeons in the United States, amounting to $9 223 350.68. Among all surgical specialties, the top 5 highest number of contributions were made from orthopedic surgeons (n = 15 081), ophthalmic surgeons (n = 14 836), neurological surgeons (n = 7481), urologists (n = 4544), and plastic surgeons (n = 4060). Of these donations, 59.46% (n = 32 107) were made to the Republican party ($5 420 326), 30.83% (n = 16 644) were made to the Democratic party ($1 612 775), and 9.71% (n = 5243) were made to nonpartisan (ie, independent) organizations ($2 190 250). Overall, pediatric surgeons reported the lowest mean contribution amount of $59.43, whereas thoracic surgeons reported the highest mean contribution amount of $225.19.


Conclusions and Relevance
Health care legislation has an immense impact on how medicine is practiced and utilized. This analysis reveals a high degree of political activity of surgeons across different specialties and geographic regions.}, journal={JAMA SURGERY}, author={Barpujari, Awinita and Mehra, Mehul and Singh, Rohin and Wang, Kendra and Sherman, Benjamin and Gopali, Rhea and Deme, Palvasha and Reddy, Vamsi P. and Hoyt, David B.}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{patel_gopali_reddy_patel_2022, title={The Readability of Ophthalmological Patient Education Materials Provided by Major Academic Hospitals}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1744-5205"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85104444840&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/08820538.2021.1915341}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Introduction The internet is an increasingly important resource for patients seeking health-related information. Because of this trend, the American Medical Association (AMA) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommend that online patient education materials (PEMs) be written between a third and seventh grade level. The present study evaluates the readability levels of ophthalmological PEMs provided by five major academic hospitals, quantifies the availability of accompanying videos and graphics, and examines the extent to which readability may be increased. Methods In March 2021, 397 PEMs from five major academic hospitals were extracted for subsequent analysis by seven validated readability assessments. The presence of an accompanying video or graphic was noted. Statistical significance was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test and the chi-square test. Results Nearly all articles were written above the recommended reading level of 7th grade. After averaging the scales for each article, the median grade level was 11.7 (interquartile range [IQR], 10.7–12.7). The PEMs with the highest median reading level were provided by the Johns Hopkins University Wilmer Institute (12.6, IQR, 11.3 – 13.6). Only 13.6% and 13.1% of articles had an accompanying video and graphic, respectively. Reduction of sentence length beneath 15 words resulted in an improvement of readability by 2.7 grade levels. Conclusions The readability of online patient resources provided by major academic hospitals were above the literacy guidelines recommended by the NIH and AMA. Furthermore, most articles did not include a video or graphic, both of which could potentially improve patient understandability of educational materials. By altering these PEMs, as demonstrated here, institutions could increase the value these articles provide for patients and therefore the quality of the patient-physician relationship.}, number={1}, journal={SEMINARS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Patel, Parth A. and Gopali, Rhea and Reddy, Anvith and Patel, Kajol K.}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={71–76} }
 @misc{patel_gopali_reddy_patel_2022, title={The Representation of Board Members From Developing Countries on Major International Ophthalmological Journals}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2162-0989"]}, DOI={10.1097/APO.0000000000000481}, abstractNote={Patel, Parth A. BS*; Gopali, Rhea†; Reddy, Anvith‡; Patel, Kajol K. BS* Author Information}, number={4}, journal={ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Patel, Parth A. and Gopali, Rhea and Reddy, Anvith and Patel, Kajol K.}, year={2022}, pages={394–395} }
 @article{siddiqui_reddy_rogers_detchou_casubhoy_gopali_bhalla_janbahan_morris_peesapati_et al._2022, title={Trends in Matriculation from Neurological Surgery Training Programs into Academic Versus Private Practice}, volume={165}, ISSN={["1878-8769"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.wneu.2022.06.119}, abstractNote={A career in academic neurosurgery is an arduous endeavor. Specific factors influencing physician practice preferences remain unclear. This study analyzes data from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons membership identifying the impact of several demographic and educational characteristics influencing neurosurgical career choices centered on academia, private practice, or a combination in the United States.A list of all current neurosurgeons was obtained from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons membership, and information on physician characteristics was collected via internet searches and institutional databases. The practice type of all neurosurgeons considered in this study were categorized as follows: private practice, academic, or a combination of private practice and academic, termed privademic. These data were subsequently correlated to race, gender, current age, training at a top 40 National Institutes of Health-funded medical school or residency program, and current practice.The median age of private practice and academic neurosurgeons was 58.18 and 53.61 years, respectively (P < 0.001). Age was significantly associated with practicing in an academic setting (odds ratio 0.96), with younger neurosurgeons pursuing careers in academia. Data indicated a positive and statistically significant contribution of female gender (P < 0.001) and training at a top-40 National Institutes of Health-funded institution to practicing in an academic setting (P < 0.01).Neurosurgery as a field has grown significantly over the past century. The authors recommend that future efforts seek to diversify the neurosurgical workforce by considering practice setting, demographic characteristics, and educational background.}, journal={WORLD NEUROSURGERY}, author={Siddiqui, Neha and Reddy, Vamsi P. and Rogers, James L. and Detchou, Donald K. E. and Casubhoy, Imaima and Gopali, Rhea and Bhalla, Subhang and Janbahan, Mika and Morris, Emily and Peesapati, Meghna Priyanka and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Sep}, pages={E635–E642} }
 @article{patel_gopali_reddy_patel_2022, title={Trends in Soccer-Related Ocular Injuries within the United States from 2010 through 2019}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1744-5205"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85103422434&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/08820538.2021.1909077}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Purpose Soccer participation within the United States continues to increase, necessitating consideration of the various injuries that may occur. The present study analyzes trends in the incidence of ocular injuries secondary to soccer trauma, the associated mechanism, and related visual sequelae, and quantifies age- and sex-specific differences in the distributions of these variables. Methods The Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for soccer-related ocular injuries from 2010 through 2019. Data exclusively focused on the globe were selected, and information regarding age, sex, specific diagnosis, mechanism of injury, and visual sequelae were acquired. Significance was calculated using the chi-squared test. Results 628 NEISS entries were evaluated, extrapolating to a national average incidence of approximately 1580 soccer-related ocular injuries per year. There were a relatively static number of events during the ten-year time period of study. The most common diagnoses were contusions or abrasions (36.1%); among records with a reported mechanism of injury, the most common was contact with the soccer ball (80.9%). Visual sequelae were noted in a significant minority of patients (15.4%). Patients ≤18 and males comprised the majority of visits (68.2% and 70.2%, respectively). Significant sex- and age-specific differences were observed in the distributions of diagnoses. Conclusions There are serious visual consequences associated with soccer-related ocular injury. Despite the existence of eye protection, there remain no regulations requiring its consistent use. Therefore, among all parties involved (e.g., players, families, and physicians), there remains a need to increase education regarding the potential ocular dangers associated with the sport}, number={1}, journal={SEMINARS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Patel, Parth A. and Gopali, Rhea and Reddy, Anvith and Patel, Kajol K.}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={57–62} }
 @article{patel_gopali_reddy_patel_2021, title={Characteristics of the least-cited and most-cited articles in ophthalmology journals: A pilot study}, ISSN={["1724-6016"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85113666078&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/11206721211042556}, abstractNote={Background: Limited research has examined differences between uncited papers and their most-cited counterparts. By comparing characteristics of each cohort, it is possible to better determine factors associated with increased citation count in the ophthalmology literature. }, journal={EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Patel, Parth A. and Gopali, Rhea and Reddy, Anvith and Patel, Kajol K.}, year={2021}, month={Aug} }
 @article{patel_gopali_reddy_patel_2021, title={National Institutes of Health Funding Trends to Ophthalmology Departments at US Medical Schools}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1744-5205"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85118433493&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/08820538.2021.1998557}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze trends in National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding in ophthalmology and characterize its distribution to departments and principal investigators (PIs) affiliated with U.S. medical schools. Design Longitudinal descriptive analysis. Methods We queried publically accessible data from the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and NIH RePORTER to determine annual funding trends in ophthalmology from 2009 to 2020. To characterize the distribution of funding, we further ranked the top departments and principal investigators (PIs). Department websites (among other online resources) were utilized to extract characteristics of the latter cohort. Results After adjusting for inflation, we observed a modest 9% increase in median NIH funding to academic ophthalmology departments between 2009 and 2020. In the same time period, among individual PIs, this translated to a 9% decline in median funding. Our results among both departments and PIs indicated a persistent inequality in NIH funding. In 2020, 10 ophthalmology departments received 44% of total funding, which is consistent with findings from prior years. Our ranking of PIs by average annual NIH funding indicated a disproportionate representation of males (76%) and PhDs (58%) in the top 50. Conclusions Overall, the results of this investigation suggest NIH funding remains limited for individual investigators, reflecting the increasingly competitive nature of the grant application process. Systemic alterations will be required to reverse these trends. If not accomplished, nascent and established researchers alike will continue to endure challenges in obtaining and maintaining funding.}, journal={SEMINARS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Patel, Parth A. and Gopali, Rhea and Reddy, Anvith and Patel, Kajol K.}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{patel_patel_gopali_reddy_bogorad_bollinger_2021, title={The Relative Citation Ratio: Examining a Novel Measure of Research Productivity among Southern Academic Ophthalmologists}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1744-5205"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85110975686&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/08820538.2021.1953543}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze research productivity, as assessed by the National Institutes of Health-supported relative citation ratio (RCR), for a cohort of Southern academic ophthalmologists. Design A descriptive and cross-sectional design was used. Data on gender, academic rank (assigned as an assistant professor, associate professor, professor, or degrees, and career duration were collected using online resources. Research yield was quantified using mean and weighted RCR data queried from the iCite database. Significant between-group differences were calculated using the Mann–Whitney U-test and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Settings Practicing academic ophthalmologists at Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited ophthalmology programs in the Southern United States (n = 1018). Results For all Southern academic ophthalmologists, median mean RCR was 0.90 (IQR 0.18–1.71) and median weighted RCR was 5.12 (IQR 0.34–33.18). Advanced academic rank and PhD acquisition were significantly associated with increased mean and weighted RCR. After exclusion of faculty within the “other” category, median mean RCR was 1.12 (IQR 0.54–1.80) and median weighted RCR was 11.65 (IQR 2.03–45.58). Furthermore, effects of career duration and gender emerged. Ophthalmologists with longer careers had significantly higher mean and weighted RCR than their younger counterparts. Males had significantly higher mean and weighted RCR than females. Conclusions Academic rank and attainment of a PhD degree were correlated with increased research productivity. When analyses focused exclusively on faculty not in the “other” subgroup, male gender, and lengthier career were associated with increased mean and weighted RCR, the former of which potentially highlights differences in professional advancement between genders.}, number={2}, journal={SEMINARS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Patel, Parth A. and Patel, Kajol K. and Gopali, Rhea and Reddy, Anvith and Bogorad, David and Bollinger, Kathryn}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{patel_gopali_reddy_patel_2021, title={The relative citation ratio and the h-index among academic ophthalmologists: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis}, volume={71}, ISSN={["2049-0801"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85118542872&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103021}, abstractNote={Limited research has evaluated the relative citation ratio (RCR), a novel measure of research productivity. Accordingly, there remains a minimal understanding of its practical value relative to established metrics such as the h-index. Here, we examined correlations between the mean and weighted RCR scores and the h-index and explore the influence of academic rank, career duration, PhD acquisition, and fellowship training on these metrics.Data regarding the academic rank (e.g. assistant professor, associate professor, professor, or "other"), career duration, degrees, fellowship training, and research yield were collected for 1018 academic ophthalmologists practicing in the southern United States of America. The iCite and Scopus databases were utilized to quantify research yield via calculations of mean and weighted RCR, and h-index, respectively.Significant correlations were observed between the h-index and the mean (ρ = 0.62, P < 0.001) and weighted RCR (ρ = 0.84, P < 0.001). Advanced academic rank was associated with increased indices values. In a subset of ophthalmologists excluding members of the "other" category, career duration was moderately correlated with h-index (ρ = 0.45, P < 0.001), and weakly correlated with mean (ρ = 0.14, P < 0.001) and weighted (ρ = 0.26, P < 0.001) RCR. PhD and fellowship acquisition were associated with increased research yield.The findings suggest that the RCR is an effective measure of research yield, while resolving deficiencies present in the h-index. Further research remains to characterize the RCR's value relative to other established markers of research productivity.}, journal={ANNALS OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Patel, Parth A. and Gopali, Rhea and Reddy, Anvith and Patel, Kajol K.}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }