@article{lahre_shekasteband_meadows_whitfield_rotenberg_2023, title={First Report of Resistance-Breaking Variants of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Infecting Tomatoes with the Sw-5 Resistance Gene in North Carolina}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1943-7692"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-22-2637-PDN}, DOI={10.1094/PDIS-11-22-2637-PDN}, abstractNote={HomePlant DiseaseVol. 107, No. 7First Report of Resistance-Breaking Variants of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Infecting Tomatoes with the Sw-5 Resistance Gene in North Carolina PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Resistance-Breaking Variants of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Infecting Tomatoes with the Sw-5 Resistance Gene in North CarolinaK. Lahre, R. Shekasteband, I. Meadows, A. E. Whitfield, and D. RotenbergK. LahreDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695Search for more papers by this author, R. ShekastebandDepartment of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension Center, Mills River, NC 28759Search for more papers by this author, I. Meadowshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9448-8072Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Mountain Research Station, Waynesville, NC 28786Search for more papers by this author, A. E. Whitfieldhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3538-015XDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695Search for more papers by this author, and D. Rotenberg†Corresponding author: D. Rotenberg; E-mail Address: [email protected]https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9018-8822Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695Search for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations K. Lahre1 R. Shekasteband2 I. Meadows3 A. E. Whitfield1 D. Rotenberg1 † 1Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 2Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension Center, Mills River, NC 28759 3Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Mountain Research Station, Waynesville, NC 28786 Published Online:13 Jul 2023https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-22-2637-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleWidespread use of tomato cultivars with the Sw-5 resistance gene has led to the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) strains of tomato spotted wilt virus across the globe. In June of 2022, tomato spotted wilt (TSW) symptoms were observed at two farms (A and B, within 15 miles of each other) in Rowan County, NC, on several commercial TSW-resistant tomato cultivars (all heterozygous for the Sw-5 gene). At farm A, ∼10% of plants had symptomatic foliage with ∼30% of fruit with symptoms, while at farm B, up to 50% of plants had symptomatic foliage with ∼80% of fruit with symptoms. Visual symptoms included stunting; severe leaf curling and bronzing; necrotic lesions on leaves, petioles and stems; and concentric ring spots on fruit. TSWV ImmunoStrips (AgDia, Elkhart, IN) and reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR with NSm primers (di Rienzo et al. 2018) confirmed the presence of TSWV in 12 symptomatic plants sampled across the two farms. Primers designed to detect Impatiens necrotic spot virus, groundnut ringspot virus, tomato chlorotic spot virus, tomato chlorosis virus, alfalfa mosaic virus, and tomato necrotic streak virus (ilarvirus, Badillo-Vargas et al. 2016) failed to generate amplicons of the expected size from cDNA generated from these field samples. The amplicons from full-length NSm cDNA were sequenced from independent, single-leaflet isolates from the TSWV-positive plants (three from farm A, nine from farm B) with the expectation of finding an amino acid (aa) substitution associated with the Sw-5 RB phenotype identified previously in CA (C118Y, Batuman et al. 2017) or Spain (C118Y and T120N, Lopez et al. 2011). All three nucleotide sequences from farm A contained the NSm C118Y substitution reported in CA. All three sequences were 99% identical (including the C118Y mutation) to NCBI GenBank accession KU179600.1, a TSWV isolate collected from GA in 2014 with no cultivar information reported. The nine nucleotide sequences from farm B contained neither of the two previously reported aa substitutions associated with the RB phenotype. Instead, all contained a D122G substitution within a conserved region of the TSWV NSm protein reported to be involved in direct interaction with the Sw-5 protein (Zhu et al. 2017). Likewise, Huang et al. (2022) generated a D122A mutation in TSWV-NSm, resulting in failure to elicit a Sw-5 mediated hypersensitive response. Three NSm sequences retrieved from GenBank contained the D122G substitution (AY848921.1, HM015516.1, KU179582.1), but this mutation was not implicated directly with RB phenotypes (Ciuffo et al. 2005; Lopez et al. 2011; Marshall 2016). The RB phenotype was confirmed with the NC variants on ‘Mountain Merit’ (Sw-5) by two means of virus inoculation: mechanical, rub-inoculation with extracted sap from infected plants, and thrips transmission assays with lab colony-maintained Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips. Symptomatic leaf tissue obtained from these inoculation assays tested positive for TSWV by DAS-ELISA (AgDia, Elkhart, IN) and RT-PCR with NSm primers, providing definitive evidence of the occurrence of RB-TSWV at both farms, and subsequent sequencing confirmed the C118Y and D122G substitutions. This report warrants further investigation of the putative origins, prevalence, and epidemiological implications of RB-TSWV variants in NC tomato production, and the development of new sources of resistance to TSWV.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Badillo-Vargas, I. E., et al. 2016. Plant Dis. 100:1046. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-15-1437-RE Link, ISI, Google ScholarBatuman, O., et al. 2017. Plant Dis. 101:637. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-16-1371-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarCiuffo, M., et al. 2005. Plant Pathol. 54:564. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01203.x Crossref, ISI, Google Scholardi Rienzo, V., et al. 2018. PLoS One 13:e0196738. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196738 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarHuang, H., et al. 2022. Mol. Plant Pathol. 23:622. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13182 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLópez, C., et al. 2011. J. Gen. Virol. 92:210. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.026708-0 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarMarshall, S. H. 2016. Genetic diversity of Tomato spotted wilt virus. M.S. thesis. Washington State University, Pullman, WA. https://hdl.handle.net/2376/102321 Google ScholarZhu, M., et al. 2017. Plant Cell 29:2214. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.17.00180 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarFunding: This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative (USDA-FNRI) (grant no. 6034-22000-039-06S) and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA) (grant no. 2018-67013-28495).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 107, No. 7 July 2023SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Download Metrics Article History Issue Date: 26 Jul 2023Published: 13 Jul 2023First Look: 10 Jan 2023Accepted: 8 Jan 2023 Page: 2271 Information© 2023 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingUnited States Department of Agriculture Floriculture and Nursery Research InitiativeGrant/Award Number: 6034-22000-039-06SUSDA National Institute of Food and AgricultureGrant/Award Number: 2018-67013-28495Keywordshost resistance-breakingtomatovirusesThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF downloadCited byAcylsugar-mediated resistance as part of a multilayered defense against thrips, orthotospoviruses, and beyondCurrent Opinion in Insect Science, Vol. 56}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, author={Lahre, K. and Shekasteband, R. and Meadows, I. and Whitfield, A. E. and Rotenberg, D.}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{oh_ingram_shekasteband_adhikari_louws_dean_2023, title={Tissues and mechanisms associated with Verticillium wilt resistance in tomato using bi-grafted near-isogenic lines}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1460-2431"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erad182}, DOI={10.1093/jxb/erad182}, abstractNote={Summary Host resistance is the primary means to control Verticillium dahliae, a soil-borne pathogen causing major losses on a broad range of plants, including tomato. The tissues and mechanisms responsible for resistance remain obscure. In the field, resistant tomato used as rootstocks does not confer resistance. Here, we created bi-grafted plants with near-isogenic lines (NILs) exhibiting (Ve1) or lacking (ve1) resistance to V. dahliae race 1. Ten days after inoculation, scion and rootstock tissues were subjected to differential gene expression and co-expression network analyses. Symptoms only developed in susceptible scions regardless of the rootstock. Infection caused more dramatic alteration of tomato gene expression in susceptible compared to resistant tissues, including pathogen receptor, signaling pathway, PR protein, and cell wall modification genes. Differences were observed between scions and rootstocks, primarily related to physiological processes in these tissues. Gene expression in scions was influenced by the rootstock genotype. A few genes were associated with the Ve1 genotype, which was independent of infection or tissue type. Several were physically clustered, some near the Ve1 locus on chromosome 9. Transcripts mapped to V. dahliae were dominated by secreted candidate effector proteins. These findings advance knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying the tomato–V. dahliae interaction.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Oh, Yeonyee and Ingram, Thomas and Shekasteband, Reza and Adhikari, Tika and Louws, Frank J. and Dean, Ralph A.}, editor={Höfte, MonicaEditor}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @article{bhandari_shekasteband_lee_2022, title={A Consensus Genetic Map and Linkage Panel for Fresh-market Tomato}, volume={147}, ISSN={["2327-9788"]}, DOI={10.21273/JASHS05110-21}, abstractNote={The first consensus genetic map in fresh-market tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) was constructed, combining genetic recombination data from two biparental F 2 segregating populations derived from four different fresh-market tomatoes. Each F 2 population was nominated by different academic tomato breeding programs located in major fresh-market tomato-producing areas of the United States, and chromosome-wide variation in recombination rates was observed between tomato populations based on the origin of their breeding programs. A consensus map constructed using 335 common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites found in both populations spanned 737.3 cM across 12 tomato chromosomes, with chromosome 2 containing more than 40% of the total SNPs and chromosomes 4, 5, 7, and 10 together representing less than 10% of the SNPs. There was a high degree of collinearity between the genetic and physical positions of those 335 SNP markers. The integration of 6553 SNP sites that were detected in either of the two populations with 335 common sites resulted in an extended consensus genetic map. The total length of the extended map was estimated to be 1997.9 cM, which was compatible with a previous estimate for large-fruited fresh-market tomato. A linkage panel for fresh-market tomato was also established using the combined dataset of the consensus map of 335 SNP loci and 73 SNP-genotyped core fresh-market tomatoes. An empirical genetic mapping study of the tomato brachytic trait using the linkage panel demonstrated the value of the consensus map and linkage panel for tomato research. The allelic information in the linkage panel will serve as a basis for SNP marker implementation, such as genotyping platforms and genomic association map, in tomato.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Bhandari, Prashant and Shekasteband, Reza and Lee, Tong Geon}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={53-+} }
 @article{lee_shekasteband_hutton_lee_2022, title={A mutant allele of the flowering promoting factor 1 gene at the tomato BRACHYTIC locus reduces plant height with high quality fruit}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2475-4455"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.422}, DOI={10.1002/pld3.422}, abstractNote={Abstract Reduced plant height due to shortened stems is beneficial for improving crop yield potential, better resilience to biotic/abiotic stresses, and rapid crop producer adoption of the agronomic and management practices. Breeding tomato plants with a reduced height, however, poses a particular challenge because this trait is often associated with a significant fruit size (weight) reduction. The tomato BRACHYTIC (BR) locus controls plant height. Genetic mapping and genome assembly revealed three flowering promoting factor 1 ( FPF1 ) genes located within the BR mapping interval, and a complete coding sequence deletion of the telomere proximal FPF1 ( Solyc01g066980 ) was found in the br allele but not in BR . The knock‐out of Solyc01g066980 in BR large‐fruited fresh‐market tomato reduced the height and fruit yield, but the ability to produce large size fruits was retained. However, concurrent yield evaluation of a pair of sister lines with or without the br allele revealed that artificial selection contributes to commercially acceptable yield potential in br tomatoes. A network analysis of gene‐expression patterns across genotypes, tissues, and the gibberellic acid (GA) treatment revealed that member(s) of the FPF1 family may play a role in the suppression of the GA biosynthesis in roots and provided a framework for identifying the responsible molecular signaling pathways in br ‐mediated phenotypic changes. Lastly, mutations of br homologs also resulted in reduced height. These results shed light on the genetic and physiological mechanisms by which the br allele alters tomato architecture.}, number={8}, journal={PLANT DIRECT}, author={Lee, Man Bo and Shekasteband, Reza and Hutton, Samuel F. and Lee, Tong Geon}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{sierra-orozco_shekasteband_illa-berenguer_snouffer_knaap_lee_hutton_2021, title={Identification and characterization of GLOBE, a major gene controlling fruit shape and impacting fruit size and marketability in tomato}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2052-7276"]}, DOI={10.1038/s41438-021-00574-3}, abstractNote={Abstract Within large-fruited germplasm, fruit size is influenced by flat and globe shapes. Whereas flat fruits are smaller and retain better marketability, globe fruits are larger and more prone to cuticle disorders. Commercial hybrids are often developed from crosses between flat and globe shaped parents because flat shape is thought to be dominant and fruit size intermediate. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic basis of flat/globe fruit shape in large-fruited fresh-market tomato germplasm and to characterize its effects on several fruit traits. Twenty-three advanced single plant selections from the Fla. 8000 × Fla. 8111B cross were selectively genotyped using a genome-wide SNP array, and inclusive composite interval mapping identified a single locus on the upper arm of chromosome 12 associated with shape, which we termed globe . A 238-plant F 2 population and 69 recombinant inbred lines for this region from the same parents delimited globe to approximately 392-kilobases. A germplasm survey representing materials from multiple breeding programs demonstrated that the locus explains the flat/globe shape broadly. A single base insertion in an exon of Solyc12g006860, a gene annotated as a brassinosteroid hydroxylase, segregated completely with shape in all populations tested. CRISPR/Cas9 knock out plants confirmed this gene as underlying the globe locus . In silico analysis of the mutant allele of GLOBE among 595 wild and domesticated accessions suggested that the allele arose very late in the domestication process. Fruit measurements in three genetic backgrounds evidenced that globe impacts fruit size and several fruit shape attributes, pedicel length/width, and susceptibility of fruit to weather check. The mutant allele of GLOBE appears mostly recessive for all traits except fruit size where it acts additively.}, number={1}, journal={HORTICULTURE RESEARCH}, author={Sierra-Orozco, Edgar and Shekasteband, Reza and Illa-Berenguer, Eudald and Snouffer, Ashley and Knaap, Esther and Lee, Tong Geon and Hutton, Samuel F.}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{padmanabhan_ma_shekasteband_stewart_hutton_scott_fei_ling_2019, title={Comprehensive transcriptome analysis and functional characterization of PR-5 for its involvement in tomato Sw-7 resistance to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus}, volume={9}, number={1}, journal={Scientific reports}, publisher={Nature Publishing Group}, author={Padmanabhan, Chellappan and Ma, Qiyue and Shekasteband, Reza and Stewart, Kevin S and Hutton, Samuel F and Scott, John W and Fei, Zhangjun and Ling, Kai-Shu}, year={2019}, pages={1–17} }
 @article{gill_scott_shekasteband_ogundiwin_schuit_francis_sim_smith_hutton_2019, title={Ty-6, a major begomovirus resistance gene on chromosome 10, is effective against Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato mottle virus}, volume={132}, number={5}, journal={Theoretical and Applied Genetics}, publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author={Gill, Upinder and Scott, John W and Shekasteband, Reza and Ogundiwin, Eben and Schuit, Cees and Francis, David M and Sim, Sung-Chur and Smith, Hugh and Hutton, Samuel F}, year={2019}, pages={1543–1554} }
 @article{lee_hutton_shekasteband_2018, title={Fine mapping of the brachytic locus on the tomato genome}, volume={143}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Lee, Tong Geon and Hutton, Samuel F and Shekasteband, Reza}, year={2018}, pages={239–247} }
 @article{lee_shekasteband_menda_mueller_hutton_2018, title={Molecular Markers to Select for the j-2--mediated Jointless Pedicel in Tomato}, volume={53}, number={2}, journal={HortScience}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Lee, Tong Geon and Shekasteband, Reza and Menda, Naama and Mueller, Lukas A and Hutton, Samuel F}, year={2018}, pages={153–158} }
 @article{lee_hutton_shekasteband_2017, title={Genetics of the Compact Growth Habit Trait}, journal={TOMATO PROCEEDINGS}, author={Lee, Tong Geon and Hutton, Samuel and Shekasteband, Reza}, year={2017}, pages={6} }
 @article{khavarinejad_others_2016, title={The Study of Some Morphological, Physiological and Molecular Parameters in the Chs Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana}, volume={7}, number={1}, journal={Modares Journal of Biotechnology}, publisher={Modares Journal of Biotechnology}, author={Khavarinejad, Ramazan Ali and others}, year={2016}, pages={1–10} }
 @article{gharari_nejad_band_najafi_nabiuni_irian_2014, title={The role of Mn-SOD and Fe-SOD genes in the response to low temperature in chs mutants of Arabidopsis}, volume={38}, number={1}, journal={Turkish Journal of Botany}, publisher={The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey}, author={Gharari, Zahra and NEJAD, RAMAZANALI KHAVARI and BAND, REZA SHEKASTE and Najafi, Farzane and Nabiuni, Mohammad and Irian, Saeed}, year={2014}, pages={80–88} }
 @inproceedings{hutton_scott_shekasteband_levin_lapidot_2013, title={Combinations of Ty resistance genes generally provide more effective control against begomoviruses than do single genes}, booktitle={IV International Symposium on Tomato Diseases 1069}, author={Hutton, SF and Scott, JW and Shekasteband, R and Levin, I and Lapidot, M}, year={2013}, pages={59–64} }
 @inproceedings{scott_hutton_shekasteband_sim_francis_2013, title={Identification of tomato bacterial spot race T1, T2, T3, T4, and Xanthomonas gardneri resistance QTLs derived from PI 114490 populations selected for race T4}, booktitle={IV International Symposium on Tomato Diseases 1069}, author={Scott, JW and Hutton, SF and Shekasteband, R and Sim, SC and Francis, David M}, year={2013}, pages={53–58} }
 @article{khavari-nejad_band_najafi_nabiuni_gharari_2013, title={The role of Pro-P5C Cycle in chs mutants of Arabidopsis under cold stress}, volume={60}, number={3}, journal={Russian journal of plant physiology}, publisher={Springer}, author={Khavari-Nejad, RA and Band, R Shekaste and Najafi, F and Nabiuni, M and Gharari, Z}, year={2013}, pages={375–382} }
 @inbook{zoldan_band_guy_porat_2012, title={Understanding chilling tolerance traits using Arabidopsis chilling-sensitive mutants}, booktitle={Environmental Adaptations and Stress Tolerance of Plants in the Era of Climate Change}, publisher={Springer}, author={Zoldan, Dana and Band, Reza Shekaste and Guy, Charles L and Porat, Ron}, year={2012}, pages={159–173} }
 @article{reza_heidari_zare_norastehnia_2006, title={Antioxidant response of two salt-stressed barley varieties in the presence or absence of exogenous proline}, volume={32}, number={3-4}, journal={Gen. Appl. Plant Physiol}, author={Reza, S and Heidari, R and Zare, S and Norastehnia, A}, year={2006}, pages={233–251} }
 @article{norastehnia_shekastebandb_nojavan-asghari, title={Auxin and Ethylene Was Decreased in the Germinating Maize (Zea mays) Seeds by Methyl Jasmonate}, author={Norastehnia, Akbar and Shekastebandb, Reza and Nojavan-Asghari, Majid} }
 @article{shekasteband_hutton_scott, title={Designing new DNA markers and determining the effective size of Ph-2 and Ph-3 introgressions for late blight resistance stacking purposes in tomato.}, author={Shekasteband, Reza and Hutton, Samuel F and Scott, Jay W} }
 @article{sierra-orozco_shekasteband_hutton_others, title={Fine-mapping and characterization of a novel fruit shape locus in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)}, author={Sierra-Orozco, Edgar and Shekasteband, Reza and Hutton, Samuel and others} }