@article{edwards_campbell_lemaster_velarde_2018, title={The Use of Acoustic Emission to Detect Fines for Wood Based Composites, Part Two: Use on Flakes}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1930-2126"]}, DOI={10.15376/biores.13.4.8751-8760}, abstractNote={Oriented strand board (OSB) is commonly used for structural applications. Manufacturers of OSB want to minimize the presence of small particles or “fines” in the panels because fines increase the consumption of resins, leading to an increase in the weight of the board. Fines are produced when either a refiner or chipper blade becomes dull, or when the wood raw material becomes excessively dry. By accurately monitoring the presence of fines, manufacturers can help control their percentage within a product. Acoustic emission (AE) is an elastic or plastic wave generated when a surface is deformed or has an external force exerted on it. This research shows the feasibility of using AE to monitor the presence and percentage of fines in flakes. The study follows up on previous research conducted years ago by Lemaster (1994). The study also shows the effect of the flake geometry and flake moisture on the AE signal.}, number={4}, journal={BIORESOURCES}, author={Edwards, Kamila and Campbell, Lyndsey and Lemaster, Richard and Velarde, Guillermo}, year={2018}, pages={8751–8760} }
 @article{campbell_edwards_lemaster_velarde_2018, title={The Use of Acoustic Emission to Detect Fines for Wood-Based Composites, Part One: Experimental Setup for Use on Particleboard}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1930-2126"]}, DOI={10.15376/biores.13.4.8738-8750}, abstractNote={Wood-based composite panels continue to be important in the wood building industry. Particleboard is commonly used for non-structural applications, while oriented strand board (OSB) is commonly used for structural applications. For both types of boards, however, manufacturers are interested in minimizing the presence of small particles or “fines” in the panels. The presence of fines can cause an increase in the consumption of resins as well as an increase in the weight of the board. Fines can be produced when a refiner or chipper blade becomes dull or when the wood raw material becomes excessively dry. There is a need for manufacturers to simply and accurately monitor the presence of fines and control their presence. Acoustic emission (AE) is an elastic or plastic wave generated when a surface is deformed or has an external force exerted on it. This research showed the feasibility of using AE to monitor the presence and percentage of fines in particleboard furnish. The research also showed the effect of the experimental setup on the AE signal level.}, number={4}, journal={BIORESOURCES}, author={Campbell, Lyndsey and Edwards, Kamila and Lemaster, Richard and Velarde, Guillermo}, year={2018}, pages={8738–8750} }
 @article{lemaster_schultz_2016, title={The use of acousto-ultrasonics to determine the quality of the brazing of carbide-tipped cutting tools}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1748-0280"]}, DOI={10.1080/17480272.2016.1146798}, abstractNote={Abstract The goal of this research was to improve the reliability of brazed cutting tools and saw blades through the development of non-destructive evaluation techniques (NDEs) to ensure tool quality. The objective was to determine the sensitivity of an acousto-ultrasonic-based technique to varying braze conditions of carbide teeth. This preliminary research developed a quick NDE technique to test not only the quality of brazed joints during manufacture, but also to inspect the carbide for micro-cracks that may have been introduced by stresses during the brazing process. The test system used an electric spark against the sawblade teeth or plate to initiate a stress wave in the sawblade which was received by an acoustic emission sensor coupled to the sawblade with a fluid couplant. A reading was taken through the saw tip and adjacent to the saw tip on the saw shoulder. An energy reading of each of the signals was obtained. A ratio was then taken of the two energy values. This gave a “self-calibrating” feature taking into account various slots and holes in the blade which could affect the waveform. This system was able to detect braze joints that had too much or too little heat applied during the brazing process, as well as no flux or twisted teeth. Future work will be conducted on saws of various sizes and designs as well as different grades of carbide tips.}, number={3}, journal={WOOD MATERIAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING}, author={Lemaster, Richard L. and Schultz, John}, year={2016}, pages={164–169} }
 @misc{hodousek_bohm_lemaster_bures_berankova_cvach_2015, title={Air permeation rate of oriented strand boards (OSB/3 and OSB/4)}, volume={10}, DOI={10.15376/biores.10.1.1137-1148}, abstractNote={Measurements of air permeation rate were taken according to EN 12114 for OSB boards, which were manufactured for this purpose in accordance with the requirements of EN 300 by a commercial manufacturer. The study measured the air permeation rate of samples and evaluated the influence of selected parameters on the resulting values. The effects of these factors on the rate of air permeation were specified, showing the particular influences of board thickness (12 mm and 18 mm) and type (OSB/3 and OSB/4). The dependence of the measured values of air permeation rate on the pressure difference was described using linear equations within a regression analysis. The group of OSB/3 samples exhibited a lower resistance to air permeation than OSB/4 (about 61% for both thicknesses). In addition, in both groups, 18 mm samples showed a higher resistance to air permeation than samples with a thickness of 12 mm (OSB/3 by about 40% and OSB/4 by about 41%).}, number={1}, journal={BioResources}, author={Hodousek, M. and Bohm, M. and Lemaster, R. L. and Bures, M. and Berankova, J. and Cvach, J.}, year={2015}, pages={1137–1148} }
 @article{saloni_lemaster_jackson_2011, title={Control system evaluation and implementation for the abrasive machining process on wood}, volume={6}, number={3}, journal={BioResources}, author={Saloni, D. E. and Lemaster, R. and Jackson, S.}, year={2011}, pages={2763–2775} }
 @article{arrieche_saloni_dyk_lemaster_2011, title={Evaluation of the Energy Balance for the Production of Briquettes from Biomass}, volume={61}, ISSN={["0015-7473"]}, DOI={10.13073/0015-7473-61.4.302}, abstractNote={Wood densification consists of processing wood by-products such as sawdust and chips into uniformly sized particles that are compressed into wood-based fuel products (pellets and briquettes). The main advantages are related to handling improvements of residual wood and energy generation opportunities when compared with wood chips from other forms of wood residues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the energy balance for production of briquettes from wood residues. This research involved determining the energy consumption required to perform the main manufacturing operations to produce wood briquettes: size reduction, drying, and densification of wood. The amount of energy that can be obtained from the combustion of wood briquettes was also measured. The effects of several factors such as wood species, material dimensions, and raw material moisture content on the energy requirements for manufacturing briquettes were studied. Four densification strategies were evaluated from an energy consumption ...}, number={4}, journal={FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL}, author={Arrieche, Rafael and Saloni, Daniel and Dyk, Herman and Lemaster, Richard L.}, year={2011}, pages={302–309} }
 @article{saloni_buehlmann_lemaster_2011, title={Tool Wear When Cutting Wood Fiber-Plastic Composite Materials}, volume={61}, ISSN={["0015-7473"]}, DOI={10.13073/0015-7473-61.2.149}, abstractNote={Wood fiber–plastic composite materials, a relatively new material, are finding applications mainly in the US residential and commercial construction markets. Thus, the volume of material produced and used is steadily increasing while the range of applications keeps expanding. So far, attention has been paid mainly to primary production processes of wood fiber–plastic materials, while secondary manufacturing processes have attracted less attention. However, with the broadening applications of such materials and their increasing use, secondary manufacturing processes for wood fiber–plastic materials are gaining importance. This study investigated the performance of five commercially available wood fiber–plastic composite materials and solid wood (eastern white pine) with respect to tool wear and resulting material surface roughness. Large performance differences between different wood fiber–plastic composite materials and between solid wood and wood fiber–plastic composite materials with respect to tool wea...}, number={2}, journal={FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL}, author={Saloni, Daniel and Buehlmann, Urs and Lemaster, Richard L.}, year={2011}, pages={149–154} }
 @article{dyk_lemaster_2010, title={An Investigation of the Use of Active Infrared Thermography to Detect Localized Surface Anomalies in Lumber}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1932-8745"]}, DOI={10.1002/sca.20188}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={SCANNING}, author={Dyk, Herman and Lemaster, Richard L.}, year={2010}, pages={219–223} }
 @article{saloni_lemaster_jackson_2010, title={Process Monitoring Evaluation and Implementation for the Wood Abrasive Machining Process}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1424-8220"]}, DOI={10.3390/s101110401}, abstractNote={Wood processing industries have continuously developed and improved technologies and processes to transform wood to obtain better final product quality and thus increase profits. Abrasive machining is one of the most important of these processes and therefore merits special attention and study. The objective of this work was to evaluate and demonstrate a process monitoring system for use in the abrasive machining of wood and wood based products. The system developed increases the life of the belt by detecting (using process monitoring sensors) and removing (by cleaning) the abrasive loading during the machining process. This study focused on abrasive belt machining processes and included substantial background work, which provided a solid base for understanding the behavior of the abrasive, and the different ways that the abrasive machining process can be monitored. In addition, the background research showed that abrasive belts can effectively be cleaned by the appropriate cleaning technique. The process monitoring system developed included acoustic emission sensors which tended to be sensitive to belt wear, as well as platen vibration, but not loading, and optical sensors which were sensitive to abrasive loading.}, number={11}, journal={SENSORS}, author={Saloni, Daniel E. and Lemaster, Richard L. and Jackson, Steven D.}, year={2010}, month={Nov}, pages={10401–10412} }
 @article{lemaster_2010, title={The Use of Frequency and Wavelet Analysis for Monitoring Surface Quality of Wood Machining Applications}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1932-8745"]}, DOI={10.1002/sca.20187}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={SCANNING}, author={Lemaster, Richard L.}, year={2010}, pages={224–232} }
 @article{morales_lemaster_jackson_hodgson_2009, title={Determining the economics of new moulder configurations}, volume={59}, DOI={10.13073/0015-7473-59.11.60}, abstractNote={The moulder is one of the most widely used machines in the wood industry. Its function is to cut stock with rough dimensions to a finished width, thickness, and cross-sectional shape in one pass, making it cost effective to produce mouldings, floors, window and furniture components, etc. Today’s moulders are fast, safe, flexible, versatile, precise, and productive. Many different configurations can be selected when specifying the purchase of a moulder. The Moulder Economic Calculator (MEC) was developed to determine the economic impact of choosing different moulder configurations. The calculator uses input data on machine price and purchase method, machine configuration, production parameters, and production costs. The MEC program gives three types of outputs: surface quality, productivity, and costs. The MEC program is a flexible tool that allows the user to estimate the cost of machining one linear foot of wood. Some capabilities of the MEC program include determining the effect of machine price on mach...}, number={11-12}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Morales, L. and Lemaster, R. L. and Jackson, S. D. and Hodgson, T. J.}, year={2009}, pages={60–66} }
 @article{jagannadham_watkins_lance_riester_lemaster_2009, title={Laser physical vapor deposition of boron carbide films to enhance cutting tool performance}, volume={203}, ISSN={["0257-8972"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67349177306&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.03.049}, abstractNote={Abstract Laser physical vapor deposition was used to deposit thin films of boron carbide on Si (100) and WC–Co substrates at 550 °C under different pressures of methane atmosphere. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction was used to identify a boron carbide phase, which exhibited weak peaks. The presence of particulates in the size range of 50 nm–3 µm embedded in an amorphous matrix was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy indicated that as methane partial pressure was increased during deposition, the amount of disorder with the boron carbide structure also increased. Also, the nanoindentation hardness decreased, while the coefficient of friction and scratch adhesion strength increased. These effects are attributed to an increase in amorphous phase/disorder in the films. Wear tests conducted by machining particleboard using boron carbide coated WC–Co tools in the absence of methane showed the same wear rate as tools coated under higher methane pressures.}, number={20-21}, journal={SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY}, author={Jagannadham, K. and Watkins, T. R. and Lance, M. J. and Riester, L. and Lemaster, R. L.}, year={2009}, month={Jul}, pages={3151–3156} }
 @article{buehlmann_saloni_lemaster_2009, title={Performance of woodfiber-plastic composites subjected to abrasive machining}, volume={59}, number={6}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Buehlmann, U. and Saloni, D. and Lemaster, R. L.}, year={2009}, pages={61–64} }
 @article{carrano_vora_sahin_lemaster_2007, title={Monitoring of abrasive loading for optimal belt cleaning or replacement}, volume={57}, number={5}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Carrano, A. L. and Vora, B. S. and Sahin, F. and Lemaster, R. L.}, year={2007}, pages={78–83} }
 @article{saloni_lemaster_jackson_2005, title={Abrasive machining process characterization on material removal rate, final surface texture, and power consumption for wood}, volume={55}, number={12}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Saloni, D. E. and Lemaster, R. L. and Jackson, S. D.}, year={2005}, pages={35–41} }
 @article{lemaster_shih_yu_2005, title={Blasting and erosion wear of wood using sodium bicarbonate and plastic media}, volume={55}, number={5}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Lemaster, R. L. and Shih, A. J. and Yu, Z.}, year={2005}, pages={59–64} }
 @article{hardin_shih_lemaster_2004, title={Diamond wire machining of wood}, volume={54}, number={11}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Hardin, C. W. and Shih, A. J. and Lemaster, R. L.}, year={2004}, pages={50–55} }
 @article{carrano_taylor_young_lemaster_saloni_2004, title={Fuzzy knowledge-based modeling and statistical regression in abrasive wood machining}, volume={54}, number={5}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Carrano, A. L. and Taylor, J. B. and Young, R. E. and Lemaster, R. L. and Saloni, D. E.}, year={2004}, pages={66–72} }
 @article{carrano_taylor_lemaster_2004, title={Machining-induced subsurface damage of wood}, volume={54}, number={1}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Carrano, A. L. and Taylor, J. B. and Lemaster, R. L.}, year={2004}, pages={85–91} }
 @article{clark_shih_hardin_lemaster_mcspadden_2003, title={Fixed abrasive diamond wire machining - part I: process monitoring and wire tension force}, volume={43}, ISSN={["0890-6955"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0890-6955(02)00215-8}, abstractNote={The process monitoring and mechanics of fixed abrasive diamond wire saw machining are investigated in this study. New techniques to affix diamond particles to a steel wire core have advanced to make this process feasible for the machining of ceramics, wood, and foam materials. Developments in fixed abrasive diamond wire machining are first reviewed. Advantages of using fixed abrasive diamond wire machining are then introduced. The process monitoring and signal processing techniques for measuring the cutting forces, wire speed, down feed rate, and wire bow angle in diamond wire saw machining are developed. The application of a capacitance sensor to measure the wire bow and a procedure to convert the wire bow to vertical cutting force in a rocking motion wire saw machine are developed. The tension force of the wire during cutting is also derived and discussed.}, number={5}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE}, author={Clark, WI and Shih, AJ and Hardin, CW and Lemaster, RL and McSpadden, SB}, year={2003}, month={Apr}, pages={523–532} }
 @article{clark_shih_lemaster_mcspadden_2003, title={Fixed abrasive diamond wire machining - part II: experiment design and results}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1879-2170"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0890-6955(02)00216-X}, abstractNote={Experimental results from fixed abrasive diamond wire machining of wood and foam ceramics are presented. Three types of wood—pine, oak, and fir, and three types of foam ceramic—silicon carbide, zirconia, and zirconia toughened alumina, are tested. The research investigates the life of diamond wire and effects of process parameters on the cutting forces, force ratio, and surface roughness. A scanning electron microscope is used to study the worn diamond wire, machined surfaces, and debris. The diamond wire saw is demonstrated to be very effective in machining foam ceramics. The wire life for cutting wood at slow feed rates is low. The short tool life for dry cutting of wood indicates that more research in new fixed abrasive diamond wire and wire saw machining technologies is necessary.}, number={5}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE}, author={Clark, WI and Shih, AJ and Lemaster, RL and McSpadden, SB}, year={2003}, month={Apr}, pages={533–542} }
 @article{raghuveer_yoganand_jagannadham_lemaster_bailey_2002, title={Improved CVD diamond coatings on WC-Co tool substrates}, volume={253}, ISSN={["0043-1648"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036951335&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00244-2}, abstractNote={Tungsten carbide tools with different cobalt concentrations (3 and 6%) have been treated with different surface cleaning procedures for deposition of diamond and multilayer diamond composite films. Cleaning with organic solvents, surface etching to remove cobalt from the surface, and hydrogen plasma etching to decarburize WC and etch remove cobalt have been used in combination to improve the adhesion of diamond films deposited on the tool substrates. Diamond layers are deposited by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) after introducing surface nucleation by suspension with sub-micron size diamond crystallites. TiN and TiC films are deposited as intermediate layers that prevent diffusion of cobalt or as embedding layers that also anchor diamond crystallites to the tool substrate. A continuous top layer of diamond was deposited for different periods of time (15–36 h) to obtain diamond film thickness ranging from 15 to 36 μm. The performance of diamond-coated tools has been tested by machining particleboard. The tool surfaces were characterized using measurements of wear of the cutting edge. Microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the composite layers on the tool surfaces is performed. The quantitative evaluation of wear and microstructural characterization were used to determine the mechanisms of wear of the cutting edge. The results are used to conclude the diamond tool coating procedure that provides the best performance in machining particleboard.}, number={11-12}, journal={WEAR}, author={Raghuveer, MS and Yoganand, SN and Jagannadham, K and Lemaster, RL and Bailey, J}, year={2002}, month={Dec}, pages={1194–1206} }
 @article{mitchell_lemaster_2002, title={Investigation of machine parameters on the surface quality in routing soft maple}, volume={52}, number={6}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Mitchell, P. H. and Lemaster, R. L.}, year={2002}, pages={85–90} }
 @article{carrano_taylor_lemaster_2002, title={Parametric characterization of peripheral sanding}, volume={52}, number={9}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Carrano, A. L. and Taylor, J. B. and Lemaster, R.}, year={2002}, pages={44–50} }
 @article{lemaster_lu_jackson_2000, title={The use of process monitoring techniques on a CNC wood router. Part 1. Sensor selection}, volume={50}, number={7-8}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Lemaster, R. L. and Lu, L. Y. and Jackson, S.}, year={2000}, pages={31–38} }
 @article{lemaster_lu_jackson_2000, title={The use of process monitoring techniques on a CNC wood router. Part 2. Use of a vibration accelerometer to monitor tool wear and workpiece quality}, volume={50}, number={9}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Lemaster, R. L. and Lu, L. Y. and Jackson, S.}, year={2000}, pages={59–64} }
 @article{taylor_carrano_lemaster_1999, title={Quantification of process parameters in a wood sanding operation}, volume={49}, number={5}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Taylor, J. B. and Carrano, A. L. and Lemaster, R. L.}, year={1999}, pages={41–46} }
 @article{lewis_fouche_lemaster_1997, title={Evaluation of dog assisted searches and electronic odor devices for detecting the western subterranean termite}, volume={47}, number={10}, journal={Forest Products Journal}, author={Lewis, V. R. and Fouche, C. F. and LeMaster, R. L.}, year={1997}, pages={79–84} }