@article{islam_wathore_zerriffi_marshall_bailis_grieshop_2022, title={Assessing the Effects of Stove Use Patterns and Kitchen Chimneys on Indoor Air Quality during a Multiyear Cookstove Randomized Control Trial in Rural India}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1520-5851"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c07571}, DOI={10.1021/acs.est.1c07571}, abstractNote={We conducted indoor air quality (IAQ) measurements during a multiyear cookstove randomized control trial in two rural areas in northern and southern India. A total of 1205 days of kitchen PM2.5 were measured in control and intervention households during six ∼3 month long measurement periods across two study locations. Stoves used included traditional solid fuel (TSF), improved biomass, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) models. Intent-to-treat analysis indicates that the intervention reduced average 24 h PM2.5 and black carbon in only one of the two follow-up measurement periods in both areas, suggesting mixed effectiveness. Average PM2.5 levels were ∼50% lower in households with LPG (for exclusive LPG use: >75% lower) than in those without LPG. PM2.5 was 66% lower in households making exclusive use of an improved chimney stove versus a traditional chimney stove and TSF-exclusive kitchens with a built-in chimney had ∼60% lower PM2.5 than those without a chimney, indicating that kitchen ventilation can be as important as the stove technology in improving IAQ. Diurnal trends in real-time PM2.5 indicate that kitchen chimneys were especially effective at reducing peak concentrations, which leads to decreases in daily PM2.5 in these households. Our data demonstrate a clear hierarchy of IAQ improvement in real world, "stove-stacking" households, driven by different stove technologies and kitchen characteristics.}, number={12}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Islam, Mohammad Maksimul and Wathore, Roshan and Zerriffi, Hisham and Marshall, Julian D. and Bailis, Rob and Grieshop, Andrew P.}, year={2022}, month={Jun}, pages={8326–8337} }
 @article{islam_wathore_zerriffi_marshall_bailis_grieshop_2021, title={In-use emissions from biomass and LPG stoves measured during a large, multi-year cookstove intervention study in rural India}, volume={758}, ISSN={["1879-1026"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143698}, DOI={10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143698}, abstractNote={We conducted an emission measurement campaign as a part of a multiyear cookstove intervention trial in two rural locations in northern and southern India. 253 uncontrolled cooking tests measured emissions in control and intervention households during three ~3-month-long measurement periods in each location. We measured pollutants including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC), black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) from stoves ranging from traditional solid fuel (TSF) to improved biomass stoves (rocket, gasifier) to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) models. TSF stoves showed substantial variability in pollutant emission factors (EFs; g kg−1 wood) and optical properties across measurement periods. Multilinear regression modeling found that measurement period, fuel properties, relative humidity, and cooking duration are significant predictors of TSF EFs. A rocket stove showed moderate reductions relative to TSF. LPG stoves had the lowest pollutant EFs, with mean PM2.5 and CO EFs (g MJdelivered−1) >90% lower than biomass stoves. However, in-home EFs of LPG were substantially higher than lab EFs, likely influenced by non-ideal combustion performance, emissions from food and possible influence from other combustion sources. In-home emission measurements may depict the actual exposure benefits associated with dissemination of LPG stoves in real world interventions.}, journal={SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Islam, Mohammad Maksimul and Wathore, Roshan and Zerriffi, Hisham and Marshall, Julian D. and Bailis, Rob and Grieshop, Andrew P.}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @article{goel_wathore_chakraborty_agrawal_2017, title={Characteristics of Exposure to Particles due to Incense Burning inside Temples in Kanpur, India}, volume={17}, ISSN={["2071-1409"]}, DOI={10.4209/aaqr.2016.04.0146}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTIncense burning in temples is a common and popular ritual in India and other Asian countries. This study aims at assessing the quantity and size segregated distribution of particulate matter in temples of Kanpur city, India. Active air sampling was performed in three temples using the Micro Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI). PM10 mass concentrations as high as 2184 µg m–3 were recorded inside the temples. Mass concentration values for all samples exceeded the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 100 µg m–3. Particle counts were high, and more than 99% of the numbers of particles generated were PM2.5. Particle coagulation is an active mechanism leading to formation of polydispersed particles. Most abundant particles occur in the accumulation mode (dp < 1 µm). Ventilation conditions and amount of incense burned are major factors affecting particle size distribution. Exposure through inhalation, to critically high concentrations of fine particulate matter generated via incense smoke especially for worshippers who frequent the temple and temple workers, raises health concerns. The results clearly indicate that incense smoke is a major source of particulate matter in the temple microenvironment and their chemical characteristics need further examination.}, number={2}, journal={AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH}, author={Goel, Anubha and Wathore, Roshan and Chakraborty, Tirthankar and Agrawal, Manish}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={608–615} }
 @article{wathore_mortimer_grieshop_2017, title={In-Use Emissions and Estimated Impacts of Traditional, Natural- and Forced-Draft Cookstoves in Rural Malawi}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1520-5851"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05557}, DOI={10.1021/acs.est.6b05557}, abstractNote={Emissions from traditional cooking practices in low- and middle-income countries have detrimental health and climate effects; cleaner-burning cookstoves may provide “co-benefits”. Here we assess this potential via in-home measurements of fuel-use and emissions and real-time optical properties of pollutants from traditional and alternative cookstoves in rural Malawi. Alternative cookstove models were distributed by existing initiatives and include a low-cost ceramic model, two forced-draft cookstoves (FDCS; Philips HD4012LS and ACE-1), and three institutional cookstoves. Among household cookstoves, emission factors (EF; g (kg wood)−1) were lowest for the Philips, with statistically significant reductions relative to baseline of 45% and 47% for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO), respectively. The Philips was the only cookstove tested that showed significant reductions in elemental carbon (EC) emission rate. Estimated health and climate cobenefits of alternative cookstoves were smaller than predicted from laboratory tests due to the effects of real-world conditions including fuel variability and nonideal operation. For example, estimated daily PM intake and field-measurement-based global warming commitment (GWC) for the Philips FDCS were a factor of 8.6 and 2.8 times higher, respectively, than those based on lab measurements. In-field measurements provide an assessment of alternative cookstoves under real-world conditions and as such likely provide more realistic estimates of their potential health and climate benefits than laboratory tests.}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Wathore, Roshan and Mortimer, Kevin and Grieshop, Andrew P.}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={1929–1938} }