@phdthesis{s.a_2024, place={Raleigh}, title={Optimal Swale Design for Highway Stormwater Runoff Treatment}, url={https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.20/42017}, school={North Carolina State University}, author={S.A, Ekka}, year={2024}, month={May} }
 @misc{ekka_rujner_leonhardt_blecken_viklander_hunt_2021, title={Next generation swale design for stormwater runoff treatment: A comprehensive approach}, volume={279}, ISSN={["1095-8630"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111756}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111756}, abstractNote={Swales are the oldest and most common stormwater control measure for conveying and treating roadway runoff worldwide. Swales are also gaining popularity as part of stormwater treatment trains and as crucial elements in green infrastructure to build more resilient cities. To achieve higher pollutant reductions, swale alternatives with engineered media (bioswales) and wetland conditions (wet swales) are being tested. However, the available swale design guidance is primarily focused on hydraulic conveyance, overlooking their function as an important water quality treatment tool. The objective of this article is to provide science-based swale design guidance for treating targeted pollutants in stormwater runoff. This guidance is underpinned by a literature review. The results of this review suggest that well-maintained grass swales with check dams or infiltration swales are the best options for runoff volume reduction and removal of sediment and heavy metals. For nitrogen removal, wet swales are the most effective swale alternative. Bioswales are best for phosphorus and bacteria removal; both wet swales and bioswales can also treat heavy metals. Selection of a swale type depends on the site constraints, local climate, and available funding for design, construction, and operation. Appropriate siting, pre-design site investigations, and consideration of future maintenance during design are critical to successful long-term swale performance. Swale design recommendations based on a synthesis of the available research are provided, but actual design standards should be developed using local empirical data. Future research is necessary to identify optimal design parameters for all swale types, especially for wet swales.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT}, author={Ekka, Sujit A. and Rujner, Hendrik and Leonhardt, Gunther and Blecken, Godecke-Tobias and Viklander, Maria and Hunt, William F.}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{hunt_fassman-beck_ekka_shaneyfelt_deletic_2020, title={Designing Dry Swales for Stormwater Quality Improvement Using the Aberdeen Equation}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2379-6111"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jswbay.0000886}, DOI={10.1061/jswbay.0000886}, abstractNote={AbstractThis case study presents a semiempirical method for designing water quality swales to treat stormwater runoff that is an alternative to current mostly anecdotal design approaches. Water qua...}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE WATER IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT}, author={Hunt, W. F. and Fassman-Beck, E. A. and Ekka, S. A. and Shaneyfelt, K. C. and Deletic, A.}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{ekka_haggard_matlock_chaubey_2006, title={Dissolved phosphorus concentrations and sediment interactions in effluent-dominated Ozark streams}, volume={26}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33745712953&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.01.002}, number={4}, journal={Ecological Engineering}, author={Ekka, S.A. and Haggard, B.E. and Matlock, M.D. and Chaubey, I.}, year={2006}, pages={375–391} }
 @article{haggard_ekka_matlock_chaubey_2004, title={Phosphate equilibrium between stream sediments and water: Potential effect of chemical amendments}, volume={47}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-6344220326&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={4}, journal={Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers}, author={Haggard, B.E. and Ekka, S.A. and Matlock, M.D. and Chaubey, I.}, year={2004}, pages={1113–1118} }
 @inproceedings{impact of point sources on nutrient interactions in ozark streams _2003, url={https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=13827}, DOI={10.13031/2013.13827}, booktitle={An ASAE Meeting Presentation, Paper Number: 032282}, year={2003}, month={Jul} }