@article{banerjee_sastri_aggarwal_hakovirta_2022, title={Dewatering coal with supercritical Carbon Dioxide}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1939-2702"]}, DOI={10.1080/19392699.2020.1715962}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) dewaters coal through two mechanisms. For bituminous coal of 9.5% average moisture content the water is dissolved out of the coal and the concentration of water in the bulk sCO2 approximates its solubility limit. For lignite (54% average moisture content) the water extracted by the sCO2 exceeds its solubility limit in sCO2, which implies that a part of the water is displaced from, rather than dissolved out of the coal. Thus, there is a clear distinction between wet coals where most of the water is displaced, as compared to drier coals where the water is dissolved out. Hence, sCO2 dewatering will be especially efficient for high-moisture coals where there is significant free water available for displacement. Precedent for this process is available from the dewatering of wood flakes.}, number={5}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL PREPARATION AND UTILIZATION}, author={Banerjee, Sujit and Sastri, Bhima and Aggarwal, Salonika and Hakovirta, Marko}, year={2022}, month={May}, pages={1393–1399} }
 @article{aggarwal_johnson_hakovirta_sastri_banerjee_2019, title={Removal of Water and Extractives from Softwood with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide}, volume={58}, ISSN={["0888-5885"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05939}, abstractNote={Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) removes both water and extractives from wood chips and flakes at 60 °C. The water appears to be mostly displaced by sCO2 because its nominal concentration in sCO2 exceeds its solubility limit. SEM imaging and contact angle measurements show no major differences in surface properties between sCO2-treated and thermally dried flakes, which suggests that their interaction with resin should be similar. An economic analysis for the removal of water and extractives from pine flakes for the manufacture of oriented strand board shows that sCO2 treatment is potentially much more cost-effective than thermal drying from both capital and operational perspectives. The main reasons are that the water is removed by displacement rather than through evaporation, environmental control costs are drastically reduced, and the extractives removed represent a value stream instead of pollutants whose emissions need to be controlled. Because the sCO2 is largely recirculated, the process is greener than con...}, number={8}, journal={INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH}, author={Aggarwal, Salonika and Johnson, Shelly and Hakovirta, Marko and Sastri, Bhima and Banerjee, Sujit}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={3170–3174} }