@article{szabo_shriver_longo_2022, title={Environmental threats and activism against extractive industries: The case of gold mining in Rosia Montana, Romania}, volume={92}, ISSN={["1873-1392"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.03.017}, DOI={10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.03.017}, abstractNote={Extractive industries often promise prosperity to less economically developed regions of the world. However, projects that rely on extractive industries such as mining often pose significant environmental threats to the host regions. The tension between economic promises and environmental impacts can spark significant conflict in rural communities. This study analyzes a proposed mining project in Roșia Montană, Romania, which pitted pro-mining proponents against local residents and activists. The data from this project come from in-depth interviews, company and NGO documents and extensive newspaper coverage of the proposed mine. The research examines how political threats can exacerbate environmental threats in cases of rural protest movements, as well as how the confluence of opportunities and threats shaped resistance to the proposed mine. Findings indicate that environmental threats can serve as a powerful mobilizing force in opposing risky development projects, even in economically depressed regions.}, journal={JOURNAL OF RURAL STUDIES}, author={Szabo, Adriana and Shriver, Thomas E. and Longo, Stefano}, year={2022}, month={May}, pages={26–34} }
 @article{longo_isgren_york_2022, title={Key challenges to the corporate biosphere stewardship research program: inequity, reification, and stakeholder commensurability}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2059-4798"]}, DOI={10.1017/sus.2022.8}, abstractNote={
	    Non-Technical Summary
	    Research on “corporate biosphere stewardship” and the related concept of “keystone actor” has proliferated in recent years. We scrutinize the program focusing on issues and assumptions associated with inequality, naturalizing social processes, or reification, and characterizing corporations as equivalent stakeholders in sustainable development with other actors and organizations. As a result, we argue the program does not promote the stated claim of transformative change for sustainability. We suggest that the research program should develop a deeper analysis of social dynamics, forces, and structures, based in social theory, particularly sociological work, which can help reveal common taken for granted assumptions.
	  }, journal={GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY}, author={Longo, Stefano B. and Isgren, Ellinor and York, Richard}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{isgren_longo_2022, title={Sustainability science must challenge common sense: a response to Bodin (2021)}, ISSN={["1862-4057"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11625-022-01107-0}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE}, author={Isgren, Ellinor and Longo, Stefano B.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{hedlund_longo_clark_2022, title={THE ROLE OF DISTINCTION IN DIALECTICAL ANALYSES OF SOCIOECOLOGY}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2042-8928"]}, DOI={10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.13.4.0449}, abstractNote={The concept of metabolism, as applied to the interrelations between human society and the rest of nature, has been one of the most fruitful iterations of socioecological thought over the last few decades. Here we will examine specific orientations of metabolic thought commonly employed in the social sciences, and their depiction of metabolism as it relates to the “society–nature” problematic and elaborate on the role of the dialectical method when analyzing socioecological processes and distinctions between society and the rest of nature. We will review two overarching uses of metabolism: the theory of metabolic rift and a hybridist metabolic approach to socio-nature. While the former regards society as an emergent property of nature, the latter regards distinctions between the two as undialectical and dualist. First, we review each of these approaches and how they differ in their application of the dialectical method. Then we explore some of the analytic implications of these differing approaches. We contend that a dialectical method that allows for, and encourages, analytical distinction is essential, and that the metabolic rift theory provides an important potential for advancing socioecological analysis in an era of anthropogenic environmental change through its use of analytical distinction between social and environmental phenomena.}, number={4}, journal={WORLD REVIEW OF POLITICAL ECONOMY}, author={Hedlund, John and Longo, Stefano B. and Clark, Timothy P.}, year={2022}, pages={449–475} }
 @article{clark_longo_2021, title={Global labor value chains, commodification, and the socioecological structure of severe exploitation. A case study of the Thai seafood sector}, ISSN={["1743-9361"]}, DOI={10.1080/03066150.2021.1890041}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT We utilize perspectives in environmental sociology and political economy to examine relationships between human exploitation and ecological degradation. Specifically, we apply global labor value chains and the tragedy of the commodity to analyze severe labor exploitation in Thai capture fisheries. Our analysis suggests that severe labor exploitation has played a significant role in lowering the market value of the Thai seafood sector as an adaptation to a competitive marketplace driven by increasing commodification and a stressed marine ecosystem. Regarding ecologies, we detail how the degradation of marine ecosystems in the region stimulated increased demand for severe labor exploitation.}, journal={JOURNAL OF PEASANT STUDIES}, author={Clark, Timothy P. and Longo, Stefano B.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{longo_isgren_clark_2021, title={Nutrient Overloading in the Chesapeake Bay Structural Conditions in Poultry Production and the Socioecological Drivers of Marine Pollution}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2374-538X"]}, DOI={10.1525/sod.2020.0032}, abstractNote={We examine socioecological drivers of nutrient overloading and eutrophication in the Chesapeake Bay associated with poultry production on the Delmarva Peninsula. We use a social metabolic analysis—rooted in a political-economy perspective—that highlights the interchange of matter and energy and the inextricable links within and between social and ecological systems, illuminating the social structural processes contributing to ecological changes. The concentration and consolidation of poultry production through integration, which involves contract farming, and geographic concentration of operations, have been associated with intensified and increased scale of chicken (broiler) production. These processes have had significant effects on waste accumulation, maintenance, and disposal, and this industry has become one of the major contributors of nutrient overloading in the Chesapeake Bay. This study, therefore, specifies social processes that are driving environmental changes between land and sea.}, number={4}, journal={SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT}, author={Longo, Stefano B. and Isgren, Ellinor and Clark, Brett}, year={2021}, pages={416–440} }
 @article{hedlund_longo_york_2020, title={Agriculture, Pesticide Use, and Economic Development: A Global Examination (1990-2014)}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1549-0831"]}, DOI={10.1111/ruso.12303}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={RURAL SOCIOLOGY}, author={Hedlund, John and Longo, Stefano B. and York, Richard}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={519–544} }
 @article{shriver_longo_adams_2020, title={Energy and the Environment The Treadmill of Production and Sacrifice Zones in Czechoslovakia}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2374-538X"]}, DOI={10.1525/sod.2020.6.4.493}, abstractNote={Research has highlighted the relationship between production expansion and the creation of sacrifice zones in advanced capitalist economies. Yet, less attention has focused on the establishment of such regions within authoritarian, state-socialist countries. We draw theoretical and conceptual insights from treadmill of production theory and the Gramscian theory of hegemony to delineate the interaction between legitimation processes used by authoritarian states to justify the physical destruction of the environment. Our analysis focuses on the historic case of environmental destruction in Czechoslovakia’s North Bohemian coal mining region. We analyze data from various sources, including in-depth interviews with residents, state media articles, and state archival sources. We find that the interactive processes of coercion, domination, and consent were used to propel the development and legitimation of environmental exploitation in this area. We argue that these processes, and the resultant sacrifice zones, are a central component of the treadmill of production. We conclude by discussing the implications of our results for further analyses of sacrifice zones.}, number={4}, journal={SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Longo, Stefano B. and Adams, Alison E.}, year={2020}, pages={493–513} }
 @article{ghosal_maity_clark_longo_2020, title={Variable selection in functional linear concurrent regression}, volume={69}, ISSN={["1467-9876"]}, DOI={10.1111/rssc.12408}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS}, author={Ghosal, Rahul and Maity, Arnab and Clark, Timothy and Longo, Stefano B.}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={565–587} }
 @article{longo_clark_york_jorgenson_2019, title={Aquaculture and the displacement of fisheries captures}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1523-1739"]}, DOI={10.1111/cobi.13295}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}, author={Longo, Stefano B. and Clark, Brett and York, Richard and Jorgenson, Andrew K.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={832–841} }
 @article{clark_longo_2019, title={Examining the effect of economic development, region, and time period on the fisheries footprints of nations (1961-2010)}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1745-2554"]}, DOI={10.1177/0020715219869976}, abstractNote={Anthropogenic activities are impacting marine systems, and the future sustainability of many global fisheries are in serious question. Our analysis draws on prior research in environmental sociology and food systems to better understand the association between economic development and the ecological footprint of fisheries. We provide a series of models to make comparisons across all nations, distinguishing between less-affluent nations and affluent nations over a 50-year period. We focus our analysis on the fisheries footprint of less-affluent nations to further explore how the effect of economic development varies across levels of national economic prosperity, region, and time period. The results of the study indicate that, over time, economic development is increasingly driving the fisheries footprint in less-affluent nations. Because this effect does not occur in affluent nations, we posit that less-affluent nations suffer the ecologically deleterious consequences of economic development more acutely. Furthermore, by utilizing post-estimation techniques for easier comparisons, our findings suggest that the magnitude of economic development’s effect on fisheries is strongest in more recent decades. Our findings also reveal that the effect of economic development is modified by region, as it has a stronger effect on fisheries footprint for less-affluent nations in Central and South America, but weaker in the Middle East and Africa. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for marine sustainability and the challenges posed by an environmentally intensive world capitalist food system.}, number={4}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY}, author={Clark, Timothy P. and Longo, Stefano B.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={225–248} }
 @article{allen_longo_shriver_2018, title={Politics, the State, and Sea Level Rise: The Treadmill of Production and Structural Selectivity in North Carolina's Coastal Resource Commission}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1533-8525"]}, DOI={10.1080/00380253.2018.1436945}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Treadmill of production theory offers a perspective for understanding the relationship between modern social institutions and environmental sustainability. We use this approach to analyze North Carolina’s Coastal Resource Commission (CRC), a state agency charged with overseeing economic development and environmental concerns on the coast. Data from CRC meetings provide insights into the policy-formation process and related policy outcomes associated with long-term ecological and social concerns, specifically related to sea-level rise. Findings indicate that the CRC continually developed policies and fashioned regulatory decisions that favored economic growth over environmental protection. Importantly, the CRC failed to prepare for the long-term effects of climate change, such as sea-level rise. Our analysis extends the treadmill of production perspective through a deeper engagement with Marxian state theorists. Our analysis suggests that the state’s various branches and levels contain internal “selectivities” that favor pro-growth policies while simultaneously filtering out stronger environmental protections.}, number={2}, journal={SOCIOLOGICAL QUARTERLY}, author={Allen, Jason S. and Longo, Stefano B. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2018}, pages={320–337} }
 @article{clark_longo_clark_jorgenson_2018, title={Socio-structural drivers, fisheries footprints, and seafood consumption: A comparative international study, 1961-2012}, volume={57}, ISSN={["0743-0167"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.12.008}, abstractNote={This study examines the socio-structural drivers that influence the fisheries footprint and seafood consumption of nations. We assess how levels of economic development, population size, and transformations in food-system dynamics, such as those associated with terrestrial protein production and consumption, account for variation in ecological impacts and seafood consumption over time. The fisheries footprint indicator allows for a broader, ecologically grounded analysis. The seafood consumption indicator is a more restrictive measure, focused solely on direct human consumption. Using fixed-effects regression for 162 nations over the 1961 to 2012 period, we find that population and affluence are central drivers of nations’ fisheries footprint and seafood consumption. The results also indicate that diets within nations tend to become more protein intensive across different forms of animal protein. These findings suggest that modernization and changing dynamics of food systems have contributed to increased impacts on seafood consumption and, more generally, aquatic ecosystems.}, journal={JOURNAL OF RURAL STUDIES}, author={Clark, Timothy P. and Longo, Stefano B. and Clark, Brett and Jorgenson, Andrew K.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={140–146} }
 @article{clark_auerbach_longo_2018, title={The bottom line: capital’s production of social inequalities and environmental degradation}, volume={8}, ISSN={2190-6483 2190-6491}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S13412-018-0505-6}, DOI={10.1007/S13412-018-0505-6}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Clark, Brett and Auerbach, Daniel and Longo, Stefano B.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={562–569} }
 @article{york_longo_2017, title={Animals in the world: A materialist approach to sociological animal studies}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1741-2978"]}, DOI={10.1177/1440783315607387}, abstractNote={ The connections between nonhuman animals and human societies have become an increasingly prominent topic of sociological research over the past decade. A focus on animals in sociological research raises a variety of conceptual and epistemological challenges, since sociological methods and theories were developed to analyze humans. We outline these challenges and elaborate a realist approach to animal studies, which focuses on the materiality of the animals in the world and does not confuse them with social constructions of animals. We examine the potential to combine methods focused on understanding human meaning, such as ethnography, with methods aimed at scientifically studying animal behavior from ethology, or a political ethology approach. We also assess how the materiality of animals can be incorporated into quantitative macro-comparative analyses as well as historical studies. We argue that increasingly incorporating animal studies into the domain of sociology can expand our understanding of the world and generate new questions for sociologists. }, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY}, author={York, Richard and Longo, Stefano B.}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={32–46} }
 @article{longo_clark_2016, title={An Ocean of Troubles: Advancing Marine Sociology}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1533-8533"]}, DOI={10.1093/socpro/spw023}, abstractNote={We advance marine sociology to analyze the human dimensions of ocean systems. Human societies are fundamentally linked to marine systems and are transforming oceanic conditions in dramatic ways, resulting in socio-ecological problems. Despite the great and important possibilities in this realm, these relationships are seldom studied within sociology. This article highlights the ecological foundations of human societies, emphasizing interactions with marine systems, and presents marine sociology as a valuable expansion of environmental sociological studies. This approach seeks to better integrate sociological and ecological sciences. We propose that social metabolic analysis serves as one useful theoretical framework for examining the socio-ecological interrelationships. The analysis focuses on the dynamics of ocean systems, social processes that are changing marine ecosystems, and the perennial interactions within and between these systems. We provide brief analyses of climate change, ocean acidification, and pollution, revealing how the modern socioeconomic order has created ecological rifts in marine ecosystems, and how these concerns reciprocally affect social life.}, number={4}, journal={SOCIAL PROBLEMS}, author={Longo, Stefano B. and Clark, Brett}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={463–479} }
 @article{longo_clark_shriver_clausen_2016, title={Sustainability and Environmental Sociology: Putting the Economy in its Place and Moving Toward an Integrative Socio-Ecology}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2071-1050"]}, DOI={10.3390/su8050437}, abstractNote={The vague, yet undoubtedly desirable, notion of sustainability has been discussed and debated by many natural and social scientists. We argue that mainstream conceptions of sustainability, and the related concept of sustainable development, are mired in a “pre-analytic vision” that naturalizes capitalist social relations, closes off important questions regarding economic growth, and thus limits the potential for an integrative socio-ecological analysis. Theoretical and empirical research within environmental sociology provides key insights to overcome the aforementioned problems, whereby the social, historical, and environmental relationships associated with the tendencies and qualities of the dominant economic system are analyzed. We highlight how several environmental sociology perspectives—such as human ecology, the treadmill of production, and metabolic analysis—can serve as the basis for a more integrative socio-ecological conception and can help advance the field of sustainability science.}, number={5}, journal={SUSTAINABILITY}, author={Longo, Stefano B. and Clark, Brett and Shriver, Thomas E. and Clausen, Rebecca}, year={2016}, month={May} }
 @article{shriver_adams_longo_2015, title={Environmental Threats and Political Opportunities: Citizen Activism in the North Bohemian Coal Basin}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1534-7605"]}, DOI={10.1093/sf/sov072}, abstractNote={Extant research has established important linkages between threats and social movement mobilization in a variety of political and economic settings. Yet, comparatively little attention has been paid to the relationship between environmental threats and activism. Drawing from literatures in environmental sociology and social movements, we examine the coal industry and its resultant environmental devastation in Czechoslovakia to investigate the intersection of political and environmental threats in provoking activism in highly repressive settings. Using a range of data sources, we illustrate how the externalities of extreme production coupled with developing weaknesses in the state ultimately incited public protest against the regime. Our analysis of protest in North Bohemia provides insight into broader patterns of elite legitimacy and resistance. Our findings show that the environmental externalities stemming from state-mandated production in the North Bohemian region posed an imminent threat that spurred residents to protest despite harsh state repression. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for future research on environmental and political threats, elite legitimation, and citizen activism.}, number={2}, journal={SOCIAL FORCES}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Adams, Alison E. and Longo, Stefano B.}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={699–722} }
 @article{longo_york_2015, title={How does information communication technology affect energy use?}, volume={22}, DOI={10.22459/her.22.01.2015.04}, abstractNote={In recent decades there has been considerable optimism that information communication technologies may lead to structural transformations of production, consumption, and transportation systems, helping to reduce energy consumption. Here we analyze the effects of information communication technologies on energy production and consumption as well as on the number of cars used in nations, analyzing data for 1990–2012. We find that the prevalence of landline phones is positively associated with higher levels of energy and electricity production and consumption, that the extent of Internet use is positively associated with the number of cars on the road, and the ubiquity of cell phones is not associated with the number of cars or with electricity or total energy production and consumption. These findings suggest that information communication technologies have not typically contributed to environmental reform and, in fact, may have exacerbated some environmental problems.}, number={1}, journal={Human Ecology Review}, author={Longo, S. B. and York, R.}, year={2015}, pages={55–71} }
 @book{longo_clausen_clark_2015, title={The tragedy of the commodity: Oceans, fisheries, and aquaculture}, ISBN={9780813565781}, publisher={New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press}, author={Longo, S. B. and Clausen, R. and Clark, B}, year={2015} }
 @article{longo_clausen_clark_2014, title={Capitalism and the Commodification of Salmon From Wild Fish to a Genetically Modified Species}, volume={66}, ISSN={["0027-0520"]}, DOI={10.14452/mr-066-07-2014-11_4}, abstractNote={On February 25, 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) closed the public comment period for the environmental assessment of the AquAdvantage Salmon. Their review of the first genetically modified animal for human consumption concluded with a “finding of no significant impact.” Numerous fishermen, consumer safety advocates, public health officials, ecologists, and risk assessment experts submitted comments that directly challenged this finding. Despite the opposition, it is very likely that the FDA’s approval of this genetically engineered salmon and precedent-setting regulatory process is imminent.… The aquaculture industry and corporate investors are championing this recent development in food biotechnology. They propose that this “invention” will yield ecological benefits, such as preserving wild salmon, while enhancing efficiency.… Unfortunately, the discussion of fisheries and oceans is constrained by ideological justifications that prevent a comprehensive assessment.… [The alternative approach presented here focuses on] how the logic of capital has shaped production and commodification processes. It also highlights how the most recent case of biotechnology in relation to salmon serves the needs of capital by increasing control of biological and ecological systems in order to better conform to economic dictates. The genetic modification of salmon is part of a biological speedup, whereby natural processes are transformed to achieve faster rates of return in the food marketplace.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.}, number={7}, journal={MONTHLY REVIEW-AN INDEPENDENT SOCIALIST MAGAZINE}, author={Longo, Stefano B. and Clausen, Rebecca and Clark, Brett}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={35–55} }
 @misc{longo_baker_2014, title={Economy "versus" Environment: The Influence of Economic Ideology and Political Identity on Perceived Threat of Eco-Catastrophe}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1533-8525"]}, DOI={10.1111/tsq.12052}, abstractNote={Using data from a national survey of American adults, we examine the relationships between economic, political, sociodemographic, and religious characteristics with perception of the potential for eco-catastrophe. We employ the treadmill of production theory to frame our understanding of views about ecological concerns, arguing that the treadmill discourse associated with economic development is hegemonic and fundamentally shapes public views of eco-catastrophe. In line with this approach, economic ideology is the strongest predictor of attitudes about eco-catastrophe, and its influence is conditioned by political identity. There is also significant patterning in these perceptions based on gender, race, education, and religion, but the influence of social characteristics is primarily indirect—mediated by economic ideology and political identity. These results provide useful information for addressing environmental problems in public discourse and bridging policy divides.}, number={2}, journal={SOCIOLOGICAL QUARTERLY}, author={Longo, Stefano B. and Baker, Joseph O.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={341–365} }
 @article{longo_clark_york_2013, title={The globalization of ecologically intensive aquaculture (1984–2008)}, volume={3}, ISSN={2190-6483 2190-6491}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S13412-013-0124-1}, DOI={10.1007/S13412-013-0124-1}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Longo, Stefano B. and Clark, Brett and York, Richard}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={297–305} }