@article{barrows_sexton_zilberman_2014, title={Agricultural Biotechnology: The Promise and Prospects of Genetically Modified Crops}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1944-7965"]}, DOI={10.1257/jep.28.1.99}, abstractNote={ For millennia, humans have modified plant genes in order to develop crops best suited for food, fiber, feed, and energy production. Conventional plant breeding remains inherently random and slow, constrained by the availability of desirable traits in closely related plant species. In contrast, agricultural biotechnology employs the modern tools of genetic engineering to reduce uncertainty and breeding time and to transfer traits from more distantly related plants. Critics express concerns that the technology imposes negative environmental effects and jeopardizes the health of those who consume the “frankenfoods.” Supporters emphasize potential gains from boosting output and lowering food prices for consumers. They argue that such gains are achieved contemporaneous with the adoption of farming practices that lower agrochemical use and lessen soil. The extensive experience with agricultural biotechnology since 1996 provides ample evidence with which to test the claims of supporters and opponents and to evaluate the prospects of genetic crop engineering. In this paper, we begin with an overview of the adoption of the first generation of agricultural biotechnology crops. We then look at the evidence on the effects of these crops: on output and prices, on the environment, and on consumer health. Finally, we consider intellectual property issues surrounding this new technology. }, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES}, author={Barrows, Geoffrey and Sexton, Steven and Zilberman, David}, year={2014}, pages={99–119} }
 @article{sexton_sexton_2014, title={Conspicuous conservation: The Prius halo and willingness to pay for environmental bona fides}, volume={67}, ISSN={["1096-0449"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jeem.2013.11.004}, abstractNote={This paper develops a theory of conspicuous conservation, a phenomenon related to conspicuous consumption in which individuals seek status through displays of austerity amid growing concern about environmental protection. We identify a statistically and economically significant conspicuous conservation effect in vehicle purchase decisions and estimate a mean willingness to pay for the green signal provided by the distinctively designed Toyota Prius in the range of $430–4200 depending upon the owner's location. Results are related to the growing literature on green markets and suggest that policy should target less conspicuous conservation investments that will be under-provided relative to those that confer a status benefit.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Sexton, Steven E. and Sexton, Alison L.}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={303–317} }
 @article{barrows_sexton_zilberman_2014, title={The impact of agricultural biotechnology on supply and land-use}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1469-4395"]}, DOI={10.1017/s1355770x14000400}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS}, author={Barrows, Geoffrey and Sexton, Steven and Zilberman, David}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={676–703} }
 @article{bennett_chi-ham_barrows_sexton_zilberman_2013, title={Agricultural Biotechnology: Economics, Environment, Ethics, and the Future}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1543-5938"]}, DOI={10.1146/annurev-environ-050912-124612}, abstractNote={ Agricultural biotechnology and, specifically, the development of genetically modified (GM) crops have been controversial for several reasons, including concerns that the technology poses potential negative environmental or health effects, that the technology would lead to the (further) corporatization of agriculture, and that it is simply unethical to manipulate life in the laboratory. GM crops have been part of the agricultural landscape for more than 15 years and have now been adopted on more than 170 million hectares (ha) in both developed countries (48%) and developing countries (52%). On the basis of this substantial history and data spanning many years, the economic and environmental impacts of GM crops can now be summarized with some certainty, and the analysis indicates that, on balance, many benefits have accrued from the adoption of GM crops. There continue to be many ethical issues that are being debated, and many are being resolved through institutional interventions. The future of agricultural productivity would be better served if the genetic modification debate were less polarized and were focused on the potential for complementarity of GM technologies within a diversified farming system framework. }, journal={ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 38}, author={Bennett, Alan B. and Chi-Ham, Cecilia and Barrows, Geoffrey and Sexton, Steven and Zilberman, David}, year={2013}, pages={249–279} }
 @article{sexton_2012, title={Paying for Pollution? How General Equilibrium Effects Undermine the "Spare the Air" Program}, volume={53}, ISSN={["0924-6460"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10640-012-9577-z}, number={4}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS}, author={Sexton, Steven E.}, year={2012}, month={Dec}, pages={553–575} }