@article{sugg_runkle_dow_barnes_stevens_pearce_bossak_curtis_2022, title={Individually experienced heat index in a coastal Southeastern US city among an occupationally exposed population}, ISSN={["1432-1254"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00484-022-02309-y}, abstractNote={Recent studies have characterized individually experienced temperatures or individually experienced heat indices, including new exposure metrics that capture dimensions of exposure intensity, frequency, and duration. Yet, few studies have examined the personal thermal exposure in underrepresented groups, like outdoor workers, and even fewer have assessed corresponding changes in physiologic heat strain. The objective of this paper is to examine a cohort of occupationally exposed grounds and public safety workers (n = 25) to characterize their heat exposure and resulting heat strain. In addition, a secondary aim of this work is to compare individually heat index exposure (IHIE) across exposure metrics, fixed-site in situ weather stations, and raster-derived urban heat island (UHI) measurements in Charleston, SC, a humid coastal climate in the Southeastern USA. A Bland-Altman (BA) analysis was used to assess the level of agreement between the personal IHIE measurements and weather-station heat index (HI) and Urban Heat Island (UHI) measurements. Linear mixed-effect models were used to determine the association between individual risk factors and in situ weather station measurements significantly associated with IHIE measurements. Multivariable stepwise Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to identify the individual and workplace factors associated with time to heat strain in workers. We also examined the non-linear association between heat strain and exposure metrics using generalized additive models. We found significant heterogeneity in IHIE measurements across participants. We observed that time to heat strain was positively associated with a higher IHIE, older age, being male, and among Caucasian workers. Important nonlinear associations between heat strain occurrence and the intensity, frequency, and duration of personal heat metrics were observed. Lastly, our analysis found that IHIE measures were significantly similar for weather station HI, although differences were more pronounced for temperature and relative humidity measurements. Conversely, our IHIE findings were much lower than raster-derived UHI measurements. Real-time monitoring can offer important insights about unfolding temperature-health trends and emerging behaviors during thermal extreme events, which have significant potential to provide situational awareness.}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY}, author={Sugg, Margaret M. and Runkle, Jennifer D. and Dow, Kirstin and Barnes, Janice and Stevens, Scott and Pearce, John and Bossak, Brian and Curtis, Scott}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @article{runkle_michael_stevens_sugg_2021, title={Quasi-experimental evaluation of text-based crisis patterns in youth following Hurricane Florence in the Carolinas, 2018}, volume={750}, ISSN={["1879-1026"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141702}, abstractNote={Crisis text lines have proven to be an effective and low-cost means for delivering texting-based mental health support to youth. Yet there has been limited research examining the use of these services in capturing the psychological impact on youth affected by a weather-related disaster. This ecologic study examined changes in help-seeking behavior for adolescents and young adults in North and South Carolina, USA, before and after Hurricane Florence (2018). A retrospective, interrupted time-series design was used to examine pre- and post-hurricane changes in crisis text volume among youth help seekers in the Carolinas for the following outcomes: (1) text for any reason; (2) stress & anxiety; (3) depression; and (4) suicidal thoughts. Results showed an immediate and sustained increase in crisis texts for stress/anxiety and suicidal thoughts in the six weeks following Florence. Overall, an immediate 15% increase in crisis texts for anxiety/stress (SE = 0.05, p = .005) and a 17% increase in suicidal thoughts (SE = 0.07, p = .02) occurred during the week of the storm. Text volume for anxiety/stress increased 17% (SE = 0.08, p = .005) and 23% for suicidal ideation (SE = 0.08, p = .01) in the 6-week post-hurricane period. Finally, forecast models revealed observed text volume for all mental health outcomes was higher than expected in the 6 weeks post-Florence. A low-cost, crisis texting platform provided 24/7 mental health support available to young people in the Carolinas impacted by Hurricane Florence. These findings highlight a new application for text-based crisis support services to address the mental health consequences in youth following a weather-related disaster, as well as the potential for these types of crisis platforms to measure situational awareness in impacted communities.}, journal={SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}, author={Runkle, Jennifer D. and Michael, Kurt D. and Stevens, Scott E. and Sugg, Margaret M.}, year={2021}, month={Jan} }
 @article{kunkel_stevens_stevens_karl_2020, title={Observed Climatological Relationships of Extreme Daily Precipitation Events With Precipitable Water and Vertical Velocity in the Contiguous United States}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1944-8007"]}, DOI={10.1029/2019GL086721}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={12}, journal={GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS}, author={Kunkel, Kenneth E. and Stevens, Scott E. and Stevens, Laura E. and Karl, Thomas R.}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @article{lawrimore_wuertz_wilson_stevens_menne_korzeniewski_palecki_leeper_trunk_2020, title={Quality Control and Processing of Cooperative Observer Program Hourly Precipitation Data}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1525-7541"]}, DOI={10.1175/JHM-D-19-0300.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY}, author={Lawrimore, Jay H. and Wuertz, David and Wilson, Anna and Stevens, Scott and Menne, Matthew and Korzeniewski, Bryant and Palecki, Michael A. and Leeper, Ronald D. and Trunk, Thomas}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={1811–1825} }
 @article{bailey_fuhrmann_runkle_stevens_brown_sugg_2020, title={Wearable sensors for personal temperature exposure assessments: A comparative study}, volume={180}, ISSN={["1096-0953"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.envres.2019.108858}, abstractNote={The impacts of heat on human health has sparked research on different approaches to measure, map, and predict heat exposure at more accurate and precise spatiotemporal scales. Personal heat sensor studies rely on small sensors that can continuously measure ambient temperatures as individuals move through time and space. The comparison between different types of sensors and sensor placements have yet to be fully researched. The objective of this study is to assess the validity of personal ambient temperature sensors. To accomplish this objective, we evaluated the performance of multiple low-cost wearable sensors (HOBOs, iButton Thermochrons, iButton Hygrochrons, and Kestrel DROP D3FW Fire) for measuring ambient temperature in a (1) field exposure study by varying the placement on human subjects and in a (2) field calibration study by co-locating sensors with fixed site weather station monitors. A secondary aim involved investigating consensus between validation metrics that can be used in future sensor comparison studies. Bland-Altman analysis, correlation coefficients, and index of agreement statistics were used to quantify the difference between sensor and weather station ambient temperature measurements. Results demonstrated significant differences in measured temperatures for sensors based on sensor type and placement on participants. Future research should account for the differences in personal ambient temperature readings based on sensor type and placement.}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH}, author={Bailey, Elizabeth and Fuhrmann, Christopher and Runkle, Jennifer and Stevens, Scott and Brown, Michael and Sugg, Margaret}, year={2020}, month={Jan} }
 @article{sugg_stevens_runkle_2019, title={Estimating personal ambient temperature in moderately cold environments for occupationally exposed populations}, volume={173}, ISSN={["1096-0953"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.066}, abstractNote={Despite high mortality and morbidity rates in the winter season, few studies have investigated the health effects from working in moderately cold environments, especially among vulnerable outdoor worker populations in the southeastern US. Yet recent research has shown that the mortality risk from cold events is greatest in southern cities compared to other US locations. We performed repeated personal cold exposure measurements in outdoor grounds management workers in the southeastern US using consumer-based sensors. We recruited outdoor workers from two locations (Raleigh, NC and Boone, NC) each characterized by climatological differences in cold temperature to participate in a 3-week data collection period at the peak of the winter (Jan/Feb 2018). Lower personal ambient temperatures were observed among participants who worked in a warmer climate (Raleigh, NC). The relative risk for cold symptomatology was higher in moderately cold personal ambient temperatures (0 °C to 20 °C) than extremely cold personal ambient temperatures (less than 0 °C). A weak significant relationship was observed between personal ambient temperatures and weather station measurements highlighting that epidemiological researchers should be cautious when investigating the health effects of ambient temperatures based on fixed site measurements. As mobile technology progresses, real-time temperature health monitoring and analysis of environmental conditions at the individual level across multiple occupational-settings will become more feasible and ultimately, we believe, a digitally enhanced workforce will become standard practice in the field.}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH}, author={Sugg, Margaret M. and Stevens, Scott and Runkle, Jennifer D.}, year={2019}, month={Jun}, pages={497–507} }
 @article{runkle_cui_fuhrmann_stevens_del pinal_sugg_2019, title={Evaluation of wearable sensors for physiologic monitoring of individually experienced temperatures in outdoor workers in southeastern US}, volume={129}, ISSN={["1873-6750"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.026}, abstractNote={Climate-related increases in global mean temperature and the intensification of heat waves present a significant threat to outdoor workers. Limited research has been completed to assess the potential differences in heat exposures that exist between individuals within similar microenvironments. Yet, there is a paucity of individual data characterizing patterns of individually experienced temperatures in workers and the associated physiologic heat strain response. The objective of this study was to apply a wearable sensor-based approach to examine the occupational, environmental, and behavioral factors that contribute to individual-level variations in heat strain in grounds maintenance workers. Outdoor workers from three diverse climatic locations in the southeastern United States – high temperature, high temperature + high humidity, and moderate temperature environments – participated in personal heat exposure monitoring during a 5-day work period in the summer. We performed Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate associations between multiple heat strain events per worker and changes in individually experienced temperatures. Heat strain risk was higher among workers with a place to cool-off, higher education, and who worked in hotter temperatures. A mismatch was observed between workers' perceptions of heat strain and actual heat strain prevalence across exposure groups. We also used a quasi-Poisson regression with distributed lag non-linear function to estimate the non-linear and lag effects of individually experienced temperatures on risk of heat strain. The association between increasing temperature and heat strain was nonlinear and exhibited an U-shaped relationship. Heat strain was less common during issued heat warnings demonstrating behavioral adaptive actions taken by workers. This study is one of the first temperature monitoring studies to quantify the individual-level exposure-response function in this vulnerable population and highlights the elevated risk of heat strain both immediately and several days after worker exposure to high temperatures.}, journal={ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL}, author={Runkle, Jennifer D. and Cui, Can and Fuhrmann, Chris and Stevens, Scott and Del Pinal, Jeff and Sugg, Margaret M.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={229–238} }
 @article{stevens_schreck_saha_bell_kunkel_2019, title={Precipitation and Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes: Continental Analysis with High-Resolution Radar Data}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0001.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Stevens, Scott E. and Schreck, Carl J., III and Saha, Shubhayu and Bell, Jesse E. and Kunkel, Kenneth E.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={1453–1462} }
 @article{stevens_2019, title={Trends in Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Conditions at Major Airports in the United States}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1558-8432"]}, DOI={10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0301.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY}, author={Stevens, Scott E.}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={615–620} }
 @article{hennon_knapp_schreck_stevens_kossin_thorne_hennon_kruk_rennie_gadea_et al._2015, title={Cyclone Center: Can Citizen Scientists Improve Tropical Cyclone Intensity Records?}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/bams-d-13-00152.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Hennon, Christopher C. and Knapp, Kenneth R. and Schreck, Carl J., III and Stevens, Scott E. and Kossin, James P. and Thorne, Peter W. and Hennon, Paula A. and Kruk, Michael C. and Rennie, Jared and Gadea, Jean-Maurice and et al.}, year={2015}, month={Apr} }
 @article{peng_zhang_frank_bidlot_higaki_stevens_hankins_2013, title={Evaluation of Various Surface Wind Products with OceanSITES Buoy Measurements}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1520-0434"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000328520200001&KeyUID=WOS:000328520200001}, DOI={10.1175/waf-d-12-00086.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={WEATHER AND FORECASTING}, author={Peng, Ge and Zhang, Huai-Min and Frank, Helmut P. and Bidlot, Jean-Raymond and Higaki, Masakazu and Stevens, Scott and Hankins, William R.}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={1281–1303} }