@article{parsons_kellner_rota_schuttler_millspaugh_kays_2022, title={The effect of urbanization on spatiotemporal interactions between gray foxes and coyotes}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2150-8925"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3993}, DOI={10.1002/ecs2.3993}, abstractNote={Abstract Interactions between species can influence their distribution and fitness, with potential cascading ecosystem effects. Human disturbance can affect these competitive dynamics but is difficult to measure due to potential simultaneous spatial and temporal responses. We used camera traps with a multispecies occupancy model incorporating a continuous‐time detection process to evaluate spatial and temporal interactions between two competing carnivore species, coyote ( Canis latrans ) and gray fox ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus ), along an urbanization gradient. Coyotes were less likely to occupy high housing density sites than gray foxes, but the two species were more likely to co‐occur in suburban forest fragments. Gray foxes were less likely to occupy low housing density sites in the presence of coyotes, shifted their activity patterns to be more nocturnal when coyotes were present and avoided sites recently used by coyotes. These effects were most pronounced where forest cover was low, suggesting these shifts are not necessary where forest cover is high, perhaps due to the gray fox's ability to climb trees. Gray foxes did not spatially or temporally avoid coyotes moving through the suburban matrix nor did precipitation mediate temporal avoidance in suburban habitats (i.e., by washing away scent), possibly because coyotes are less likely to establish territories at high housing densities, and thus less likely to scent mark. As reports of gray fox declines in portions of North America mount and coyotes are implicated, our results suggest that preserving tree cover could be important for gray fox persistence. At least 50% of forest cover in a 1 km radius resulted in lower coyote occupancy with gray fox occupancy rising to ≥0.1, suggesting a good benchmark for management.}, number={3}, journal={ECOSPHERE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Parsons, Arielle W. and Kellner, Kenneth F. and Rota, Christopher T. and Schuttler, Stephanie G. and Millspaugh, Joshua J. and Kays, Roland W.}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{schuttler_ramcharan_boone_stone_brian j. o'shea_gajapersad_kays_2021, title={Can mammals thrive near urban areas in the Neotropics? Characterizing the community of a reclaimed tropical forest}, volume={62}, ISSN={["2661-8982"]}, DOI={10.1007/s42965-020-00134-1}, number={2}, journal={TROPICAL ECOLOGY}, author={Schuttler, Stephanie and Ramcharan, Serano and Boone, Hailey and Stone, Spencer and Brian J. O'Shea and Gajapersad, Krisna and Kays, Roland}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={174–185} }
 @article{lasky_parsons_schuttler_hess_sutherland_kalies_clark_olfenbuttel_matthews_clark_et al._2021, title={Carolina critters: a collection of camera-trap data from wildlife surveys across North Carolina}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1939-9170"]}, DOI={10.1002/ecy.3372}, abstractNote={Camera trap surveys are useful to understand animal species population trends, distribution, habitat preference, behavior, community dynamics, periods of activity, and species associations with environmental conditions. This information is ecologically important since many species play important roles in local ecosystems as predators, herbivores, seed dispersers, and disease vectors. Additionally, many of the larger wildlife species detected by camera traps are economically important through hunting, trapping, or ecotourism. Here we present a data set of camera trap surveys from 6,043 locations across all 100 counties of North Carolina, USA from 2009 to 2019. These data come from 26 survey initiatives and contain 215,108 records of 36 mammal species and three species of terrestrial birds. This large data set increases the geographical distribution data for these 39 mammal and bird species by >500% over what is available for North Carolina in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). These data can be used to conduct inquiries about species, populations, communities, or ecosystems, and to produce useful information on wildlife behavior, distribution, and interactions. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this paper when using the data for publication.}, journal={ECOLOGY}, author={Lasky, Monica and Parsons, Arielle W. and Schuttler, Stephanie G. and Hess, George and Sutherland, Ron and Kalies, Liz and Clark, Staci and Olfenbuttel, Colleen and Matthews, Jessie and Clark, James S. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{suraci_gaynor_allen_alexander_brashares_cendejas-zarelli_crooks_elbroch_forrester_green_et al._2021, title={Disturbance type and species life history predict mammal responses to humans}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1365-2486"]}, DOI={10.1111/gcb.15650}, abstractNote={Human activity and land use change impact every landscape on Earth, driving declines in many animal species while benefiting others. Species ecological and life history traits may predict success in human‐dominated landscapes such that only species with “winning” combinations of traits will persist in disturbed environments. However, this link between species traits and successful coexistence with humans remains obscured by the complexity of anthropogenic disturbances and variability among study systems. We compiled detection data for 24 mammal species from 61 populations across North America to quantify the effects of (1) the direct presence of people and (2) the human footprint (landscape modification) on mammal occurrence and activity levels. Thirty‐three percent of mammal species exhibited a net negative response (i.e., reduced occurrence or activity) to increasing human presence and/or footprint across populations, whereas 58% of species were positively associated with increasing disturbance. However, apparent benefits of human presence and footprint tended to decrease or disappear at higher disturbance levels, indicative of thresholds in mammal species’ capacity to tolerate disturbance or exploit human‐dominated landscapes. Species ecological and life history traits were strong predictors of their responses to human footprint, with increasing footprint favoring smaller, less carnivorous, faster‐reproducing species. The positive and negative effects of human presence were distributed more randomly with respect to species trait values, with apparent winners and losers across a range of body sizes and dietary guilds. Differential responses by some species to human presence and human footprint highlight the importance of considering these two forms of human disturbance separately when estimating anthropogenic impacts on wildlife. Our approach provides insights into the complex mechanisms through which human activities shape mammal communities globally, revealing the drivers of the loss of larger predators in human‐modified landscapes.}, journal={GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY}, author={Suraci, Justin P. and Gaynor, Kaitlyn M. and Allen, Maximilian L. and Alexander, Peter and Brashares, Justin S. and Cendejas-Zarelli, Sara and Crooks, Kevin and Elbroch, L. Mark and Forrester, Tavis and Green, Austin M. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{kays_arbogast_baker‐whatton_beirne_boone_bowler_burneo_cove_ding_espinosa_et al._2020, title={An empirical evaluation of camera trap study design: How many, how long and when?}, volume={11}, ISSN={2041-210X 2041-210X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13370}, DOI={10.1111/2041-210X.13370}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={Methods in Ecology and Evolution}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kays, Roland and Arbogast, Brian S. and Baker‐Whatton, Megan and Beirne, Chris and Boone, Hailey M. and Bowler, Mark and Burneo, Santiago F. and Cove, Michael V. and Ding, Ping and Espinosa, Santiago and et al.}, editor={Fisher, DianaEditor}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={700–713} }
 @article{parsons_rota_forrester_baker‐whatton_mcshea_schuttler_millspaugh_kays_2019, title={Urbanization focuses carnivore activity in remaining natural habitats, increasing species interactions}, volume={56}, ISSN={0021-8901 1365-2664}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13385}, DOI={10.1111/1365-2664.13385}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Applied Ecology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Parsons, Arielle W. and Rota, Christopher T. and Forrester, Tavis and Baker‐Whatton, Megan C. and McShea, William J. and Schuttler, Stephanie G. and Millspaugh, Joshua J. and Kays, Roland}, editor={Wheeler, HelenEditor}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={1894–1904} }
 @article{schuttler_sears_orendain_khot_rubenstein_rubenstein_dunn_baird_kandros_o'brien_et al._2018, title={Citizen Science in Schools: Students Collect Valuable Mammal Data for Science, Conservation, and Community Engagement}, volume={69}, ISSN={0006-3568 1525-3244}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biy141}, DOI={10.1093/biosci/biy141}, abstractNote={Citizen science has been touted as an effective means to collect large-scale data while engaging the public. We demonstrate that children as young as 9 years old can collect valuable mammal monitoring data using camera traps while connecting with nature and learning through their own scientific discoveries. Indian, Kenyan, Mexican, and American students used camera traps near their schools and detected 13–37 species, all of which were verified by professionals. These data describe rich mammal faunas near schools, sometimes surpassing nearby protected areas, and included five endangered species. Ninety-four percent of the camera traps were set in accordance with scientific protocols, and the teachers reported the experience as highly engaging for their students. Furthermore, the generated photos and results had community-wide impacts involving local politicians, community members, and the media. We show that children can run sensors to contribute valid scientific data important for conservation and research.}, number={1}, journal={BioScience}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Schuttler, Stephanie G and Sears, Rebecca S and Orendain, Isabel and Khot, Rahul and Rubenstein, Daniel and Rubenstein, Nancy and Dunn, Robert R and Baird, Elizabeth and Kandros, Kimberly and O'Brien, Timothy and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={69–79} }