@article{parajuli_chizmar_lamica_wiseman_gordon_ochuodho_schons_henderson_mehmood_johnson_2023, title={Economic Contribution Analysis of Urban and Community Forestry in the Southern United States in 2019}, volume={121}, ISSN={["1938-3746"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvad011}, DOI={10.1093/jofore/fvad011}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF FORESTRY}, author={Parajuli, Rajan and Chizmar, Stephanie and Lamica, Austin and Wiseman, Eric and Gordon, Jason and Ochuodho, Thomas and Schons, Stella Zucchetti and Henderson, James E. and Mehmood, Sayeed and Johnson, Lara}, year={2023}, month={May}, pages={217–223} }
 @article{hovis_cubbage_smith_zuniga-teran_varady_shear_chizmar_lupek_baldwin_fox_et al._2023, title={Estimating landowners' willingness to accept payments for nature-based solutions in eastern North Carolina for flood hazard mitigation using the contingent valuation method}, volume={78}, ISSN={["1941-3300"]}, DOI={10.2489/jSWC.2023.00131}, abstractNote={FloodWise is a pilot program that proposes nature-based solutions (NBS) for flood hazard mitigation (risk reduction) in eastern North Carolina to control stormwater runoff for brief periods of time. The program would provide financial incentives and technical assistance to rural landowners to adopt NBS on their properties. In this study, we assessed landowners’ willingness to accept (WTA) payments for adopting NBS on their properties using a payment card contingent valuation method (CVM) via a mail survey. Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) incentivize landowners to participate in conservation efforts, as well as provide additional opportunities for revenue. Factors such as income, age, contract term length, revenue lost from previous storm events, and size of farm operation influenced one’s willingness to accept payments. The payment levels required for traditional farm conservation practices and NBS flood control practices were not significantly different, indicating that past program methods could help guide new FloodWise or similar NBS efforts. These results can help guide new NBS program development and funding deliberations in North Carolina, and perhaps other rural locations in the US Southeast.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION}, author={Hovis, M. and Cubbage, F. and Smith, G. and Zuniga-Teran, A. and Varady, R. and Shear, T. and Chizmar, S. and Lupek, M. and Baldwin, M. and Fox, A. and et al.}, year={2023}, pages={500–514} }
 @article{chizmar_parajuli_bruck_frey_sills_2023, title={Forest-Based Employment in the Southern United States amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Causal Inference Analysis}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1938-3738"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxad042}, DOI={10.1093/forsci/fxad042}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={FOREST SCIENCE}, author={Chizmar, Stephanie and Parajuli, Rajan and Bruck, Sonia and Frey, Gregory and Sills, Erin}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{chizmar_parajuli_frey_bardon_branan_macfarland_smith_ameyaw_2022, title={Challenges and opportunities for agroforestry practitioners to participate in state preferential property tax programs for agriculture and forestry}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2666-7193"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tfp.2021.100176}, abstractNote={All 50 states offer preferential property tax programs that lower the taxes paid on enrolled agricultural and/or forest lands. While agroforestry is a land-use that combines elements of both agriculture and forestry, eligibility criteria and other rules and regulations may prevent landowners from enrolling agroforestry practices in one or more of the agricultural and forestry tax programs. This pilot-scale study developed conceptual and methodological frameworks to identify the current barriers to and opportunities in preferential tax policies applicable to agroforestry practices. We conducted an extensive review of state preferential property tax programs relevant for agroforestry practices, following focus group discussions with regional experts in five selected states across the United States: North Carolina, Nebraska, Wisconsin, New York, and Oregon. Based on a systematic review of statutes and their supporting documents, we developed a database of programs, which support or create barriers to enrollment of agroforestry practitioners into the programs. We found that agricultural tax assessments were more likely to favor multi-use agriculture and forestry systems than the preferential tax assessments of forestlands in the five states. Forest farming and silvopasture, followed by alley cropping, windbreaks, and riparian forest buffers, were found to be the most common agroforestry practices allowed under preferential tax classifications in the study states. This study provides a framework for cataloging and analyzing preferential property tax-programs to document barriers and facilitators to agroforestry practices in the United States.}, journal={TREES FORESTS AND PEOPLE}, author={Chizmar, Stephanie and Parajuli, Rajan and Frey, Gregory E. and Bardon, Robert E. and Branan, Robert Andrew and MacFarland, Katherine and Smith, Matthew and Ameyaw, Lord}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{parajuli_chizmar_hoy_joshi_gordon_mehmood_henderson_poudel_witthun_buntrock_2022, title={Economic Contribution Analysis of Urban Forestry in the Northeastern and Midwestern States of the United States in 2018}, volume={69}, ISSN={["1610-8167"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127490}, DOI={10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127490}, abstractNote={Urban and community forestry is an increasingly integral component enhancing the well-being of urban places. Along with providing aesthetic benefits and other critical ecosystem services, urban forestry contributes to local and regional economies by supporting jobs and economic activities through various businesses and industries. In this study, we estimated the economic contribution of urban forestry to the regional economy in terms of several economic and business metrics including jobs, labor income, value-added, and tax collections. To this end, we developed an extensive scope of urban forest industries and activities incorporating all private, public, and non-profit businesses and organizations involved in urban forestry in the Northeastern and Midwest states. Results from the input-output modeling suggest that in 2018, urban forestry in the Northeastern and Midwest states directly contributed $17.6 billion in industry output and $13.5 billion in value-added by supporting about 258,550 full- and part-time jobs in various businesses and activities. Including direct, indirect, and induced effects, urban forestry in the region had a total contribution of $34.7 billion in industry output to the regional economy, employing more than 357,200 people with a payroll of about $16 billion. These numbers are crucial to highlight the economic significance of urban forestry businesses and agencies as well as to educate the public, economic development professionals, and legislators about the importance of urban and community forestry in the Northeastern and Midwest states.}, journal={URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Parajuli, Rajan and Chizmar, Stephanie and Hoy, Morgan and Joshi, Omkar and Gordon, Jason and Mehmood, Sayeed and Henderson, James E. and Poudel, Jagdish and Witthun, Olivia and Buntrock, Laura}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{chizmar_parajuli_frey_bardon_sills_2021, title={Allocation versus completion: Explaining the distribution of the Forest Development Program fund in North Carolina}, volume={132}, ISSN={["1872-7050"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102594}, abstractNote={The Forest Development Program (FDP) is a nationally renowned state-administered cost-share assistance program for forest landowners in North Carolina, primarily funded through taxation on primary forest products across the state. While the demand for FDP cost-share funds often exceeds available resources, over one-fourth of annual allocations on average go unused, due primarily to application cancellations and the divergence of actual costs and treated acres from the amounts approved originally. This study evaluates various factors related to the utilization of allocated funds based on actual cost-share fund usage data in the last six years. Results suggest that FDP applications associated with the piedmont region, shearing and chemical site preparation, hand-planting activities, and larger applied acres are more likely to be completed as defined in the initial application. The methods and findings of this study provide useful insights to administrators of other similar public incentive programs. The need for similar analyses evaluating the utilization of public funds will likely grow as state and federal governments increasingly rely on incentive programs to meet ambitious goals in conservation and sustainable management of natural resources.}, journal={FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS}, author={Chizmar, Stephanie and Parajuli, Rajan and Frey, Gregory E. and Bardon, Robert E. and Sills, Erin}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @misc{chizmar_parajuli_bardon_cubbage_2021, title={State Cost-Share Programs for Forest Landowners in the Southern United States: A Review}, volume={119}, ISSN={["1938-3746"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvaa054}, DOI={10.1093/jofore/fvaa054}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF FORESTRY}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Chizmar, Stephanie J. and Parajuli, Rajan and Bardon, Robert and Cubbage, Frederick}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={177–195} }
 @article{parajuli_chizmar_megalos_bardon_2020, title={Educating Landowners on Forest-Based Alternative Income Streams in North Carolina: Program Evaluation and Lessons Learned}, volume={118}, ISSN={["1938-3746"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvaa037}, DOI={10.1093/jofore/fvaa037}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF FORESTRY}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Parajuli, Rajan and Chizmar, Stephanie and Megalos, Mark and Bardon, Robert}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={551–554} }
 @article{cubbage_kanieski_rubilar_bussoni_olmos_balmelli_donagh_lord_hernández_zhang_et al._2020, title={Global timber investments, 2005 to 2017}, volume={112}, ISSN={1389-9341}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.102082}, DOI={10.1016/j.forpol.2019.102082}, abstractNote={We estimated timber investment returns for 22 countries and 54 species/management regimes in 2017, for a range of global timber plantation species and countries at the stand level, using capital budgeting criteria, without land costs, at a real discount rate of 8%. Returns were estimated for the principal plantation countries in the Americas—Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, Paraguay, Mexico, and the United States—as well as New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, China, Vietnam, Laos, Spain, Finland, Poland, Scotland, and France. South American plantation growth rates and their concomitant returns were generally greater, at more than 12% Internal Rates of Return (IRRs), as were those in China, Vietnam, and Laos. These IRRs were followed by those for plantations in southern hemisphere countries of Australia and New Zealand and in Mexico, with IRRs around 8%. Temperate forest plantations in the U.S. and Europe returned less, from 4% to 8%, but those countries have less financial risk, better timber markets, and more infrastructure. Returns to most planted species in all countries except Asia have decreased from 2005 to 2017. If land costs were included in calculating the overall timberland investment returns, the IRRs would decrease from 3 percentage points less for loblolly pine in the U.S. South to 8 percentage points less for eucalypts in Brazil.}, journal={Forest Policy and Economics}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Cubbage, Frederick and Kanieski, Bruno and Rubilar, Rafael and Bussoni, Adriana and Olmos, Virginia Morales and Balmelli, Gustavo and Donagh, Patricio Mac and Lord, Roger and Hernández, Carmelo and Zhang, Pu and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={102082} }