@article{lawton_huseth_kennedy_morey_hutchison_reisig_dorman_dillard_venette_groves_et al._2022, title={Pest population dynamics are related to a continental overwintering gradient}, volume={119}, ISSN={0027-8424 1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2203230119}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.2203230119}, abstractNote={
            Overwintering success is an important determinant of arthropod populations that must be considered as climate change continues to influence the spatiotemporal population dynamics of agricultural pests. Using a long-term monitoring database and biologically relevant overwintering zones, we modeled the annual and seasonal population dynamics of a common pest,
            Helicoverpa zea
            (Boddie), based on three overwintering suitability zones throughout North America using four decades of soil temperatures: the southern range (able to persist through winter), transitional zone (uncertain overwintering survivorship), and northern limits (unable to survive winter). Our model indicates
            H. zea
            population dynamics are hierarchically structured with continental-level effects that are partitioned into three geographic zones. Seasonal populations were initially detected in the southern range, where they experienced multiple large population peaks. All three zones experienced a final peak between late July (southern range) and mid-August to mid-September (transitional zone and northern limits). The southern range expanded by 3% since 1981 and is projected to increase by twofold by 2099 but the areas of other zones are expected to decrease in the future. These changes suggest larger populations may persist at higher latitudes in the future due to reduced low-temperature lethal events during winter. Because
            H. zea
            is a highly migratory pest, predicting when populations accumulate in one region can inform synchronous or lagged population development in other regions. We show the value of combining long-term datasets, remotely sensed data, and laboratory findings to inform forecasting of insect pests.
          }, number={37}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author={Lawton, Douglas and Huseth, Anders S. and Kennedy, George G. and Morey, Amy C. and Hutchison, William D. and Reisig, Dominic D. and Dorman, Seth J. and Dillard, DeShae and Venette, Robert C. and Groves, Russell L. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }
 @article{dorman_taylor_malone_roberts_greene_reisig_smith_jacobson_reay-jones_paula-moraes_et al._2022, title={Sampling Optimization and Crop Interface Effects on Lygus lineolaris Populations in Southeastern USA Cotton}, volume={13}, ISSN={2075-4450}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13010088}, DOI={10.3390/insects13010088}, abstractNote={Tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), is an economically damaging pest in cotton production systems across the southern United States. We systematically scouted 120 commercial cotton fields across five southeastern states during susceptible growth stages in 2019 and 2020 to investigate sampling optimization and the effect of interface crop and landscape composition on L. lineolaris abundance. Variance component analysis determined field and within-field spatial scales, compared with agricultural district and state, accounted for more variation in L. lineolaris density using sweep net and drop cloth sampling. This result highlights the importance of field-level scouting efforts. Using within-field samples, a fixed-precision sampling plan determined 8 and 23 sampling units were needed to determine L. lineolaris population estimates with 0.25 precision for sweep net (100 sweeps per unit) and drop cloth (1.5 row-m per unit) sampling, respectively. A spatial Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to determine local landscape (<0.5 km from field edges) effects on L. lineolaris in cotton. The proportion of agricultural area and double-crop wheat and soybeans were positively associated with L. lineolaris density, and fields with more contiguous cotton areas negatively predicted L. lineolaris populations. These results will improve L. lineolaris monitoring programs and treatment management decisions in southeastern USA cotton.}, number={1}, journal={Insects}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Dorman, Seth J. and Taylor, Sally V. and Malone, Sean and Roberts, Phillip M. and Greene, Jeremy K. and Reisig, Dominic D. and Smith, Ronald H. and Jacobson, Alana L. and Reay-Jones, Francis P. F. and Paula-Moraes, Silvana and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={88} }
 @article{goethe_dorman_wang_kennedy_huseth_2022, title={Spatial and temporal patterns of
            <i>Frankliniella fusca
            (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in wheat agroecosystems}, volume={146}, ISSN={0931-2048 1439-0418}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jen.12979}, DOI={10.1111/jen.12979}, abstractNote={AbstractFrankliniella fusca Hinds (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an economically important pest of many cultivated crops including cotton, tomatoes, peppers and tobacco. Previous research has focused on the importance of non‐crop weeds for F. fusca populations when estimating crop infestation risk in the spring. Although weeds play an integral role in population development, early‐season cultivated hosts (e.g. wheat and sage) may also contribute and augment overall populations. Few studies have examined the role of early‐season crops as a source habitat for sensitive host crops later in the season. The goal of this study was to investigate the abiotic conditions and landscape components that are associated with F. fusca populations in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Exploring these relationships will provide insight into early‐season drivers of F. fusca. To do this, we conducted a 2 year study documenting F. fusca populations during an 8 weeks period each spring. We sampled immature thrips abundance on wheat heads while concurrently monitoring adult dispersal from the field using yellow sticky cards. Across both years, we found that immature thrips sampled during the milk and dough development stages best‐predicted adult dispersal 2 weeks later. Cumulative precipitation and the number of precipitation events beginning in the autumn of the prior year were the most important abiotic predictors of F. fusca abundance. At the landscape scale, adult F. fusca density was negatively related to the area of row crop agriculture, grasslands and amount of landscape fragmentation. Results of our study provide a basis to assess larval thrips and forecast dispersal of this pest from wheat using a head sampling method. At a landscape scale, we show that specific combinations of abiotic and landscape variables influence population abundance of F. fusca in North Carolina row crop agroecosystems.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Applied Entomology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Goethe, James and Dorman, Seth and Wang, Hehe and Kennedy, George and Huseth, Anders}, year={2022}, month={Feb}, pages={570–578} }
 @article{dorman_kudenov_lytle_griffith_huseth_2021, title={Computer vision for detecting field‐evolved lepidopteran resistance to
            <i>Bt
            maize}, volume={77}, ISSN={1526-498X 1526-4998}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.6566}, DOI={10.1002/ps.6566}, abstractNote={AbstractBACKGROUNDResistance evolution of lepidopteran pests to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins produced in maize and cotton is a significant issue worldwide. Effective toxin stewardship requires reliable detection of field‐evolved resistance to enable the implementation of mitigation strategies. Currently, visual estimates of maize injury are used to document changing susceptibility. In this study, we evaluated an existing maize injury monitoring protocol used to estimate Bt resistance levels in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).RESULTSWe detected high interobserver variability across multiple injury metrics, suggesting that the precision and accuracy of maize injury detection could be improved. To do this, we developed a computer vision‐based algorithm to measure H. zea injury. Algorithm estimates were more accurate and precise than a sample of human observers. Moreover, observer estimates tended to overpredict H. zea injury, which may increase the false‐positive rate, leading to prophylactic insecticide application and unnecessary regulatory action.CONCLUSIONSAutomated detection and tracking of lepidopteran resistance evolution to Bt toxins are critical for genetically engineered crop stewardship to prevent the use of additional insecticides to combat resistant pests. Advantages of this computerized screening are: (i) standardized Bt injury metrics in space and time, (ii) preservation of digital data for cross‐referencing when thresholds are reached, and (iii) the ability to increase sample sizes significantly. This technological solution represents a significant step toward improving confidence in resistance monitoring efforts among researchers, regulators and the agricultural biotechnology industry.}, number={11}, journal={Pest Management Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Dorman, Seth J and Kudenov, Michael W and Lytle, Amanda J and Griffith, Emily H and Huseth, Anders S}, year={2021}, month={Aug}, pages={5236–5245} }
 @article{pellegrino_dorman_williams_millar_huseth_2021, title={Evaluation of 13-Tetradecenyl Acetate Pheromone for <i>Melanotus communis</i> (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Detection in North Carolina Row Crop Agroecosystems}, volume={50}, ISSN={0046-225X 1938-2936}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab075}, DOI={10.1093/ee/nvab075}, abstractNote={Abstract
               Melanotus communis Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Elateridae) larvae are a common soil-dwelling pest of many crops, including sweet potato, grains, and tobacco. Although many studies have focused on the larval stage of this pest, the seasonal activity and ecology of the adults (click beetles) are not well understood. The overarching goal of this study was to relate M. communis adult activity to host crops in the North Carolina row-crop agroecosystem. To do this, we conducted a two-year study documenting male M. communis activity, using a recently identified sex attractant pheromone, 13-tetradecenyl acetate. This project was divided into two parts: 1) a pheromone assessment study testing the efficacy and specificity of 13-tetradecenyl acetate, and two analogs, 13-tetradecenyl butyrate and 13-tetradecenyl hexanoate, and 2) a landscape survey using traps baited with 13-tetradecenyl acetate. Results of the efficacy study showed that 13-tetradecenyl acetate was the most effective M. communis lure when compared to non-baited control traps or traps baited with the two homologs. The landscape study documented a strong association between M. communis catch and the adjacent crop type. We found that adult M. communis abundance was greatest near corn, followed by sweet potato, and then cotton. Analysis of activity over time found that the peak activity occurred during July. Overall, this project demonstrates the usefulness of pheromone-baited traps in providing new information about M. communis activity.}, number={5}, journal={Environmental Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Pellegrino, Alyssa M and Dorman, Seth J and Williams, Livy, III and Millar, Jocelyn G and Huseth, Anders S}, editor={Stelinski, LukaszEditor}, year={2021}, month={Aug}, pages={1248–1254} }
 @article{dorman_hopperstad_reich_majumder_kennedy_reisig_greene_reay‐jones_collins_bacheler_et al._2021, title={Landscape‐level variation in
            <i>Bt
            crops predict
            <scp>
              <i>Helicoverpa ze
            
            <scp>
              <i>a
            
            (
            <scp>Lepidoptera: Noctuidae
            ) resistance in cotton agroecosystems}, volume={77}, ISSN={1526-498X 1526-4998}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.6585}, DOI={10.1002/ps.6585}, abstractNote={AbstractBACKGROUNDHelicoverpa zea (Boddie) damage to Bt cotton and maize has increased as a result of widespread Bt resistance across the USA Cotton Belt. Our objective was to link Bt crop production patterns to cotton damage through a series of spatial and temporal surveys of commercial fields to understand how Bt crop production relates to greater than expected H. zea damage to Bt cotton. To do this, we assembled longitudinal cotton damage data that spanned the Bt adoption period, collected cotton damage data since Bt resistance has been detected, and estimated local population susceptibility using replicated on‐farm studies that included all Bt pyramids marketed in cotton.RESULTSSignificant year effects of H. zea damage frequency in commercial cotton were observed throughout the Bt adoption period, with a recent damage increase after 2012. Landscape‐level Bt crop production intensity over time was positively associated with the risk of H. zea damage in two‐ and three‐toxin pyramided Bt cotton. Helicoverpa zea damage also varied across Bt toxin types in spatially replicated on‐farm studies.CONCLUSIONSLandscape‐level predictors of H. zea damage in Bt cotton can be used to identify heightened Bt resistance risk areas and serves as a model to understand factors that drive pest resistance evolution to Bt toxins in the southeastern United States. These results provide a framework for more effective insect resistance management strategies to be used in combination with conventional pest management practices that improve Bt trait durability while minimizing the environmental footprint of row crop agriculture. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.}, number={12}, journal={Pest Management Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Dorman, Seth J and Hopperstad, Kristen A and Reich, Brian J and Majumder, Suman and Kennedy, George and Reisig, Dominic D and Greene, Jeremy K and Reay‐Jones, Francis PF and Collins, Guy and Bacheler, Jack S and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Aug}, pages={5454–5462} }
 @article{goethe_dorman_huseth_2021, title={Local and landscape scale drivers of
            <i>Euschistus servus
            and
            <i>Lygus lineolaris
            in North Carolina small grain agroecosystems}, volume={23}, ISSN={1461-9555 1461-9563}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/afe.12445}, DOI={10.1111/afe.12445}, abstractNote={
Crop production sequences influence arthropod populations in temporally unstable row crop systems. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) represents one of the earliest abundant crops in south‐eastern United States. This study aims to understand primary source habitats driving brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), and tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), population abundance in wheat.
To better understand these relationships, adult and nymphal densities were in wheat fields weekly from flowering through harvest in 2019 and 2020. Geospatial data were used to measure landscape composition surrounding sampled fields. We investigated the influence of landscape predictors on E. servus and L. lineolaris abundance using generalized linear mixed modelling.
Field size, proportion of agriculture, proportion of wheat area, and proportion of soybean Glycine max L.) area from the previous year in the surrounding landscape were associated with E. servus abundance in wheat. Similarly, L. lineolaris abundance was associated with proportion of wheat area and soybean area from the previous year.
These results reveal the influence of soybean area planted the previous year on insect pest densities the following spring in wheat. Further, results suggest agricultural landscapes dominated by wheat are associated with decreased pest abundance across the sampled region.

}, number={4}, journal={Agricultural and Forest Entomology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Goethe, James K. and Dorman, Seth J. and Huseth, Anders S.}, year={2021}, month={Apr}, pages={441–451} }
 @article{dorman_hopperstad_reich_kennedy_huseth_2021, title={Soybeans as a non-Bt refuge for Helicoverpa zea in maize-cotton agroecosystems}, volume={322}, ISSN={0167-8809}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107642}, DOI={10.1016/j.agee.2021.107642}, abstractNote={Geospatial models are crucial for identifying likely ‘hot-spots’ of Bt resistance evolution in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), thereby improving regional insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategies and planted refuge compliance. To characterize H. zea distributions in relation to land use , we used historical trapping data collected from 2008 to 2019 in North Carolina to model the spatial and temporal abundance of H. zea populations across Bt -dominated landscapes. Helicoverpa zea abundance was standardized across site-year observations, and candidate landscape composition and configuration predictors of H. zea abundance were obtained. Spatiotemporal Bayesian hierarchical models were developed to make posterior predictions of H. zea abundance from environmental covariates, and results were used to generate interpolation prediction maps to visualize H. zea abundance across the sampled region. Our results suggest inverse distance weighted (IDW) soybeans is the most important predictor of H. zea abundance through time in row crop agroecosystems in North Carolina. Soybeans in North Carolina and southeastern U.S. likely serves as a critical non- Bt refuge for delaying H. zea resistance to Bt toxins in landscapes dominated by Bt maize and cotton. Moreover, soybean abundance can be used to predict the spatial abundance of H. zea in this region. Results can be applied to understand population dynamics of H. zea in landscapes dominated by genetically engineered (GE) crops expressing Bt toxins and will enable the development of sound insect resistance management strategies of H. zea populations to GE toxins targeting noctuid pests of maize and cotton. This work will also drive future geospatial studies investigating environmental predictors of resistance evolution in arthropod pests to GE technologies in crop production systems. Landscape-level variation in soybeans predicts spatial and temporal Helicoverpa zea abundance and likely serves as important non- Bt refugia in maize and cotton agroecosystems. • Helicoverpa zea population dynamics in row crops relate to landscape drivers • Landscape-level soybean and cotton variation in the southeastern U.S. associate with increased H. zea abundance through time • Soybeans likely serve as critical non- Bt refugia for delaying H. zea resistance in maize and cotton agroecosystems}, journal={Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Dorman, Seth J. and Hopperstad, Kristen A. and Reich, Brian J. and Kennedy, George and Huseth, Anders S.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={107642} }