@article{erwin_clark_dechant_aitken_hassel_blikslager_ziegler_2022, title={Multi-Institutional Retrospective Case-Control Study Evaluating Clinical Outcomes of Foals with Small Intestinal Strangulating Obstruction: 2000-2020}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2076-2615"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12111374}, DOI={10.3390/ani12111374}, abstractNote={Lower survival has been reported in foals than adults with small intestinal strangulating obstruction (SISO), but age-dependent outcomes have not been examined directly. Hospital records were collected from five US academic referral hospitals. It was hypothesized that foals would exhibit lower survival than case-matched adults. Foal cases 6-months-of-age or younger, and adult cases between 2- and 20-years-of-age were collected. Data revealed 24 of 25 (96.0%) foals and 66 of 75 (88.0%) adults that were recovered from surgery for SISO survived to hospital discharge. Sixteen of the total 41 (39.0%) foals studied were euthanized intraoperatively, whereas 30 of 105 (28.6%) adults were euthanized intraoperatively. Common lesions in foals that were recovered from surgery were volvulus (n = 13) and intussusception (n = 5), whereas common lesions in adults were volvulus (n = 25) and strangulating lipoma (n = 23). This study was limited by incomplete medical records, relatively small sample size, and lack of long-term follow-up. Unexpectedly, short-term survival tended to be higher in foals than adults and may have been partly driven by case selection prior to referral or surgery or decision-making intraoperatively. More optimism toward surgical treatment of foals with SISO may be warranted.}, number={11}, journal={ANIMALS}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Erwin, Sara J. and Clark, Marley E. and Dechant, Julie E. and Aitken, Maia R. and Hassel, Diana M. and Blikslager, Anthony T. and Ziegler, Amanda L.}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @article{erwin_blikslager_ziegler_2021, title={Age-Dependent Intestinal Repair: Implications for Foals with Severe Colic}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2076-2615"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123337}, DOI={10.3390/ani11123337}, abstractNote={Colic is a leading cause of death in horses, with the most fatal form being strangulating obstruction which directly damages the intestinal barrier. Following surgical intervention, it is imperative that the intestinal barrier rapidly repairs to prevent translocation of gut bacteria and their products and ensure survival of the patient. Age-related disparities in survival have been noted in many species, including horses, humans, and pigs, with younger patients suffering poorer clinical outcomes. Maintenance and repair of the intestinal barrier is regulated by a complex mucosal microenvironment, of which the ENS, and particularly a developing network of subepithelial enteric glial cells, may be of particular importance in neonates with colic. Postnatal development of an immature enteric glial cell network is thought to be driven by the microbial colonization of the gut and therefore modulated by diet-influenced changes in bacterial populations early in life. Here, we review the current understanding of the roles of the gut microbiome, nutrition, stress, and the ENS in maturation of intestinal repair mechanisms after foaling and how this may influence age-dependent outcomes in equine colic cases.}, number={12}, journal={ANIMALS}, author={Erwin, Sara J. and Blikslager, Anthony T. and Ziegler, Amanda L.}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{erwin_touvron_odle_van landeghem_blikslager_ziegler_2020, title={iDISCO Allows Complete Visualization and Analysis of Postnatal Enteric Nervous System Development in a Comparative Pig Model}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1530-6860"]}, DOI={10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03991}, number={S1}, journal={FASEB JOURNAL}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Erwin, Sara and Touvron, Melissa and Odle, Jack and Van Landeghem, Laurianne and Blikslager, Anthony and Ziegler, Amanda}, year={2020}, month={Apr} }