@article{fulmer_nau_kowalsky_marx_2016, title={Development of a ductile steel bridge substructure system}, volume={118}, ISSN={0143-974X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.11.012}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.11.012}, abstractNote={Described in this paper is the evaluation of a series of design concepts which attempt to improve the inelastic cyclic response of steel bridge substructures. The bridge system under consideration consists of hollow circular steel piles welded to steel cap beams. Described first is the motivation for the use of this type of structure, followed by a discussion of the research methods which include large scale reversed cyclic testing supplemented by finite element analysis. Next, the performance of the current as-built system, the fillet welded connection, is evaluated. This connection is shown to perform poorly with little inelastic deformation capacity prior to failure. A variety of alternative connections are then proposed and evaluated. These alternative connections include modified weld detailing and plastic hinge relocation approaches. Alternative weld detailing focuses on the complete joint penetration weld with reinforcing fillet welds. The plastic hinge relocation alternatives include a gusseted connection, a reduced column section, and the recently proposed grouted shear stud (GSS) connection. Alternative weld details produce only slight improvement in performance. Of the plastic hinge relocation concepts, the grouted shear stud (GSS) connection offers the most promising approach to improve inelastic cyclic response.}, journal={Journal of Constructional Steel Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Fulmer, S.J. and Nau, J.M. and Kowalsky, M.J. and Marx, E.E.}, year={2016}, month={Mar}, pages={194–206} }
 @article{fulmer_kowalsky_nau_2015, title={Grouted shear stud connection for steel bridge substructures}, volume={109}, ISSN={0143-974X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.02.009}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.02.009}, abstractNote={This paper discusses the seismic performance of composite connections designed to capacity protect critical welded regions of steel bridge pier connections. Past research has shown that directly welding hollow circular steel pipes to a steel cap beam, regardless of weld configuration, does not mitigate the undesirable failure mode of brittle cracking in the welded region. Hence, capacity protection of the welds becomes an attractive option. A new detail proposed in this paper consists of a composite connection intended to relocate the plastic hinge away from the weld interface. Through full scale quasi-static testing, nonlinear FEA, and scaled shake table testing the connection was shown to perform well.}, journal={Journal of Constructional Steel Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Fulmer, S.J. and Kowalsky, M.J. and Nau, J.M.}, year={2015}, month={Jun}, pages={72–86} }
 @article{fulmer_kowalsky_nau_hassan_2012, title={Reversed Cyclic Flexural Behavior of Spiral DSAW and Single Seam ERW Steel Pipe Piles}, volume={138}, ISSN={["0733-9445"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0000553}, abstractNote={This paper presents the findings of an investigation on the flexural performance of hollow steel pipe piles subjected to reversed cyclic loading. The testing evaluated both spirally double submerged arc welded (DSAW) and traditional longitudinal single seam electric resistance welded (ERW) pipe piles to determine the effects of the spiral welding manufacturing process on the structural performance of the pile. Some of the tests were conducted on previously driven piles to study the effects of driving stresses. The experimental results and observations indicated that the undesirable failure mode of spiral weld cracking did not control the ultimate limit state in any of the spirally welded specimens considered. Although weld fracture did occur in each spirally welded specimen, it did not develop until the specimen was subjected to large inelastic deformations and was ultimately the result of locally increased strains caused by local buckling. Each traditional single seam specimen failed in a similar manner with pile wall local buckling developing at inelastic deformation levels comparable to those of the spirally welded specimens.}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE}, author={Fulmer, Steven J. and Kowalsky, Mervyn J. and Nau, James M. and Hassan, Tasnim}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={1099–1109} }