@article{bedir_kadian_shukla_gunduz_narayan_2024, title={Additive manufacturing of microneedles for sensing and drug delivery}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1744-7593"]}, DOI={10.1080/17425247.2024.2384696}, abstractNote={Introduction Microneedles (MNs) are miniaturized, painless, and minimally invasive platforms that have attracted significant attention over recent decades across multiple fields, such as drug delivery, disease monitoring, disease diagnosis, and cosmetics. Several manufacturing methods have been employed to create MNs; however, these approaches come with drawbacks related to complicated, costly, and time-consuming fabrication processes. In this context, employing additive manufacturing (AM) technology for MN fabrication allows for the quick production of intricate MN prototypes with exceptional precision, providing the flexibility to customize MNs according to the desired shape and dimensions. Furthermore, AM demonstrates significant promise in the fabrication of sophisticated transdermal drug delivery systems and medical devices through the integration of MNs with various technologies.}, journal={EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY}, author={Bedir, Tuba and Kadian, Sachin and Shukla, Shubhangi and Gunduz, Oguzhan and Narayan, Roger}, year={2024}, month={Jul} }
 @article{kadian_kumari_sahoo_shukla_narayan_2024, title={Machine learning enabled microneedle-based colorimetric pH sensing patch for wound health monitoring and meat spoilage detection}, volume={200}, ISSN={["1095-9149"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2024.110350}, DOI={10.1016/j.microc.2024.110350}, abstractNote={Since pH can alter the biological functions, level of nutrients, wound healing process, and the behavior of chemicals, various healthcare and food industries are showing increased interest in manufacturing low-cost optical pH sensors for meat spoilage detection and wound health monitoring. To meet this demand, we have developed a simple and low-cost machine learning-enabled microneedle-based colorimetric pH sensing patch that can be used for food quality and wound health monitoring applications. The 3D–printed ultrasharp open side channel microneedle array facilitated the autonomous fluid extraction and transportation via surface tension for colorimetric pH sensing. Further, to predict the exact pH value against the obtained color on the pH-test strip, a machine learning model was prepared using experimentally collected different color images obtained from a known pH solution. Furthermore, to make the device user-friendly for older individuals and color-blind individuals, a simple and smartphone-enabled web application was prepared using the developed machine learning model. The proof-of-concept study of the developed patch was demonstrated by determining the pH of real meat samples before and after spoilage and detecting pH in two different skin-mimicking in vitro models (phantom gel and parafilm tape) using a smartphone. The analytical results demonstrated that the developed machine learning-enabled microneedle-based colorimetric pH sensing patch has excellent potential for wound health and food safety applications.}, journal={MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL}, author={Kadian, Sachin and Kumari, Pratima and Sahoo, Siba Sundar and Shukla, Shubhangi and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2024}, month={May} }
 @misc{shukla_jakowski_kadian_narayan_2023, title={Computational approaches to delivery of anticancer drugs with multidimensional nanomaterials}, volume={21}, ISSN={["2001-0370"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.010}, abstractNote={Functionalized nanotubes (NTs), nanosheets, nanorods, and porous organometallic scaffolds are potential in vivo carriers for cancer therapeutics. Precise delivery through these agents depends on factors like hydrophobicity, payload capacity, bulk/surface adsorption, orientation of molecules inside the host matrix, bonding, and nonbonding interactions. Herein, we summarize advances in simulation techniques, which are extremely valuable in initial geometry optimization and evaluation of the loading and unloading behavior of encapsulated drug molecules. Computational methods broadly involve the use of quantum and classical mechanics for studying the behavior of molecular properties. Combining theoretical processes with experimental techniques, such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and bioassays, can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of biological molecules. This integrated approach has led to numerous breakthroughs in drug discovery, enzyme design, and the study of complex biological processes. This short review provides an overview of results and challenges described from erstwhile investigations on the molecular interaction of anticancer drugs with nanocarriers of different aspect ratios.}, journal={COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL}, author={Shukla, Shubhangi and Jakowski, Jacek and Kadian, Sachin and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2023}, pages={4149–4158} }
 @article{li_kadian_mishra_huang_zhou_liu_wang_narayan_zhu_2023, title={Electrochemical detection of cholesterol in human biofluid using microneedle sensor}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2050-7518"]}, DOI={10.1039/d2tb02142k}, abstractNote={The development of a straightforward, economical, portable, and highly sensitive sensing platform for the rapid detection of cholesterol is desirable for the early diagnosis of several pathologic conditions.}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B}, author={Li, Zhanhong and Kadian, Sachin and Mishra, Rupesh K. K. and Huang, Tiangang and Zhou, Chen and Liu, Shuyuan and Wang, Zifeng and Narayan, Roger and Zhu, Zhigang}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @article{tabish_zhu_shukla_kadian_sangha_lygate_narayan_2023, title={Graphene nanocomposites for real-time electrochemical sensing of nitric oxide in biological systems}, url={https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0162640}, DOI={10.1063/5.0162640}, abstractNote={Nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays many pivotal roles impacting almost every organ function in mammalian physiology, most notably in cardiovascular homeostasis, inflammation, and neurological regulation. Consequently, the ability to make real-time and continuous measurements of NO is a prerequisite research tool to understand fundamental biology in health and disease. Despite considerable success in the electrochemical sensing of NO, challenges remain to optimize rapid and highly sensitive detection, without interference from other species, in both cultured cells and in vivo. Achieving these goals depends on the choice of electrode material and the electrode surface modification, with graphene nanostructures recently reported to enhance the electrocatalytic detection of NO. Due to its single-atom thickness, high specific surface area, and highest electron mobility, graphene holds promise for electrochemical sensing of NO with unprecedented sensitivity and specificity even at sub-nanomolar concentrations. The non-covalent functionalization of graphene through supermolecular interactions, including π–π stacking and electrostatic interaction, facilitates the successful immobilization of other high electrolytic materials and heme biomolecules on graphene while maintaining the structural integrity and morphology of graphene sheets. Such nanocomposites have been optimized for the highly sensitive and specific detection of NO under physiologically relevant conditions. In this review, we examine the building blocks of these graphene-based electrochemical sensors, including the conjugation of different electrolytic materials and biomolecules on graphene, and sensing mechanisms, by reflecting on the recent developments in materials and engineering for real-time detection of NO in biological systems.}, journal={Applied Physics Reviews}, author={Tabish, Tanveer A. and Zhu, Yangzhi and Shukla, Shubhangi and Kadian, Sachin and Sangha, Gurneet S. and Lygate, Craig A. and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{kadian_sahoo_kumari_narayan_2024, title={Machine learning enabled onsite electrochemical detection of lidocaine using a microneedle array integrated screen printed electrode}, volume={475}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143664}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143664}, abstractNote={Despite several advantageous uses of lidocaine patches to overcome discomfort and pain in various clinical settings, overdosage of this drug can cause unwanted side effects on the cardiovascular and central nervous system, which can lead to life-threatening conditions. Therefore, the development of a rapid, sensitive, and user-friendly point-of-care device for onsite lidocaine detection is of great clinical importance. To address this issue, we have developed a machine learning enabled wireless microneedle array integrated screen-printed electrode-based electrochemical point-of-care device for rapid and effective detection of lidocaine. The fabricated device utilizes novel ultra-sharp microneedles arrays having a reservoir in its base, which are designed to collect the interstitial fluid through open side channels, and graphene-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes for the electrochemical detection of lidocaine. Under optimal conditions, the developed sensor exhibited high sensitivity and good selectivity towards lidocaine along with a linear current response over the detection range from 1-120 µM with the lowest detection limit of 0.13 µM. In addition, to make the device user friendly, a machine learning model was developed using experimental sensing data to predict the lidocaine concentration and further deployed to prepare a web application for digital visualization of lidocaine concentration.}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, author={Kadian, Sachin and Sahoo, Siba Sundar and Kumari, Pratima and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @misc{machekposhti_kadian_vanderwal_stafslien_narayan_2023, title={Novel hollow biodegradable microneedle for amphotericin B delivery}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2688-2663"]}, DOI={10.1002/mco2.321}, abstractNote={Dear Editor, Several approaches have been previously described for incorporating drugs within polymer microneedles.1–5 Our previous study1 aimed to deliver amphotericin B by biodegradable solid microneedles. In this approach, amphotericin B was mixed with Gantrez R © AN 119 BF; the mixture of Gantrez R © AN 119 BF and amphotericin B was left at room temperature for approximately 2 weeks to be solidified in the shape of microneedle. Although the approach was successfully used with amphotericin B, it may not be suitable for some drugs.2 For example, the mechanical properties of some polymers may be lowered after being combined with certain drugs. Other studies involve coating microneedles with drugs; however, there may be a limit to the dosage that can be applied using the coating approach.4,5 To determine the volume of the amphotericin B loaded in each hollow microneedle, the amphotericin B-loaded microneedles were broken in tubes and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide:methanol; the amphotericin B concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. High-performance liquid chromatography indicated that there were 2.00 ± 0.08 mg of amphotericin B in each hollow microneedle. Laser confocal microscopy was used to assess the height, base diameter, and hollow features of the hollow microneedle. Figure 1A shows the length associated with the outer layer of a hollow microneedle, Figure 1B shows the length associated with the hollow part of a hollow microneedle, and Figure 1C shows the 3D image of a hollow microneedle. The height of the microneedle outer layer and microneedle base diameter are 858.03 and 424.82 μm, respectively. For the hollow part of the microneedle exhibits height, base diameter, and volume values of 653.75, 366.61 μm, and 2.3 × 107 μm3, respectively. Figure 1B shows the hollow part of a needle that can be loaded with amphotericin B powder or other drug powders. Since the base diameter measurement difference between Figures 1A and B is 58.21 μm, the thickness of the}, number={4}, journal={MEDCOMM}, author={Machekposhti, Sina Azizi and Kadian, Sachin and Vanderwal, Lyndsi and Stafslien, Shane and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @article{kadian_chaulagain_joshi_alam_cui_shankar_manik_narayan_2023, title={Probe sonication-assisted rapid synthesis of highly fluorescent sulfur quantum dots}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1361-6528"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/acd00a}, DOI={10.1088/1361-6528/acd00a}, abstractNote={AbstractA new type of heavy-metal free single-element nanomaterial, called sulfur quantum dots (SQDs), has gained significant attention due to its advantages over traditional semiconductor QDs for several biomedical and optoelectronic applications. A straightforward and rapid synthesis approach for preparing highly fluorescent SQDs is needed to utilize this nanomaterial for technological applications. Until now, only a few synthesis approaches have been reported; however, these approaches are associated with long reaction times and low quantum yields (QY). Herein, we propose a novel optimized strategy to synthesize SQDs using a mix of probe sonication and heating, which reduces the reaction time usually needed from 125 h to a mere 15 min. The investigation employs cavitation and vibration effects of high energy acoustic waves to break down the bulk sulfur into nano-sized particles in the presence of highly alkaline medium and oleic acid. In contrast to previous reports, the obtained SQDs exhibited excellent aqueous solubility, desirable photostability, and a relatively high photoluminescence QY up to 10.4% without the need of any post-treatment. Additionally, the as-synthesized SQDs show excitation-dependent emission and excellent stability in different pH (2–12) and temperature (20 °C–80 °C) environments. Hence, this strategy opens a new pathway for rapid synthesis of SQDs and may facilitate the use of these materials for biomedical and optoelectronic applications.}, number={30}, journal={NANOTECHNOLOGY}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Kadian, Sachin and Chaulagain, Narendra and Joshi, Naveen Narasimhachar and Alam, Kazi M. and Cui, Kai and Shankar, Karthik and Manik, Gaurav and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @misc{kadian_shukla_narayan_2023, title={Probes for noninvasive biological visualization and biosensing of cancer cells}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1931-9401"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0166740}, DOI={10.1063/5.0166740}, abstractNote={The early detection of tumors and precancerous conditions is vital for cancer diagnosis. Advances in fluorescence microscopic techniques and materials synthesis processes have revolutionized biomarker detection and image-guided cancer surveillance. In particular, novel materials-based diagnostic tools and innovative therapies have facilitated a precise understanding of biological processes at the molecular level. This critical review presents an overview of bioimaging probes, including functionalized chromophoric systems, non-functionalized chromophoric systems, and nanoscale biosensors. Technical challenges and future directions related to these approaches are considered.}, number={4}, journal={APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS}, author={Kadian, Sachin and Shukla, Shubhangi and Narayan, Roger J.}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{kadian_kumari_shukla_narayan_2023, title={Recent advancements in machine learning enabled portable and wearable biosensors}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2666-8319"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.talo.2023.100267}, abstractNote={Recent advances in noninvasive portable and wearable biosensors have attracted significant attention due to their capability to offer continual physiological information for continuous healthcare monitoring through the collection of biological signals. To make the collected biological data understandable and improve the efficacy of these biosensors, scientists have integrated machine learning (ML) with biosensors to analyze large sensing data through various ML algorithms. In this article, we have highlighted the recent developments in ML-enabled noninvasive biosensors. Initially, we introduced and discussed the basic features of ML algorithms used in data processing to build an intelligent biosensor system and the capability to make clinical decisions. Next, the principles of portable and wearable biosensors, the application of different ML models in diverse biosensors for healthcare applications, and their impact on the performance of biosensors are discussed. The last section highlights the challenges (such as data privacy, consistency, stability, accuracy, scalable production, and adaptive learning capacity), future prospects, and necessary steps required to address these issues, spotlighting their revolutionizing impact on the healthcare industry for the development of next-generation ML-enabled efficient biosensors.}, journal={TALANTA OPEN}, author={Kadian, Sachin and Kumari, Pratima and Shukla, Shubhangi and Narayan, Roger}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{kadian_gopalakrishnan_selvamani_khan_meyer_thomas_rana_irazoqui_verma_rahimi_2024, title={Smart Capsule for Targeted Detection of Inflammation Levels Inside the GI Tract}, url={https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2023.3343337}, DOI={10.1109/TBME.2023.3343337}, abstractNote={Effective management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is contingent upon frequent monitoring of inflammation levels at targeted locations within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This is crucial for assessing disease progression and detecting potential relapses. To address this need, a novel single-use capsule technology has been devised that enables region-specific inflammation measurement, thereby facilitating repeatable monitoring within the GI tract. The capsule integrates a pH-responsive coating for location-specific activation, a chemiluminescent paper-based myeloperoxidase (MPO) sensor for inflammation detection, and a miniaturized photodetector, complemented by embedded electronics for real-time wireless data transmission. Demonstrating linear sensitivity within the physiological MPO concentration range, the sensor is capable of effectively identifying inflammation risk in the GI fluid. Luminescence emitted by the sensor, proportional to MPO concentration, is converted into an electrical signal by the photodetector, generating a quantifiable energy output with a sensitivity of 6.14 µJ/U.ml}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering}, author={Kadian, Sachin and Gopalakrishnan, Sarath and Selvamani, Vidhya and Khan, Sadid and Meyer, Trevor and Thomas, Rithu and Rana, Muhammad Masud and Irazoqui, Pedro P. and Verma, Mohit S. and Rahimi, Rahim}, year={2024}, month={May} }
 @article{zareei_selvamani_gopalakrishnan_kadian_maruthamuthu_he_nguyen_wang_rahimi_2022, title={A Biodegradable Hybrid Micro/Nano Conductive Zinc Paste for Paper-Based Flexible Bioelectronics}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85132617250&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/admt.202101722}, abstractNote={AbstractPaper‐based electronics are emerging as a new class of technology with broad areas of application. Despite several efforts to fabricate new types of flexible electronic devices by screen printing of conductive paste, many of them are often nonbiodegradable, toxic, and expensive, limiting their practical use in bioresorbable paper‐based electronics. To address this need, a highly conductive and biodegradable bimodal conductive paste is developed using cost‐effective zinc‐based micro and nanoparticles with a facile low‐temperature sintering process compatible with paper substrates. The two‐step sintering process involves the removal of the insulating zinc oxide layer by spray coating acetic acid followed by a heat press sintering process to ensure the formation of highly packed and continuous metallic traces. The required conditions for the heat press sintering process are systematically studied using electrical, optical, and mechanical characterization techniques. The results of these investigations revealed an ultra‐packed microstructure with high electrical conductivity (0.5 × 105 S m−1) and low oxide content that is obtained with a heat press sintering setting of 220 °C for 60 s. Finally, as a proof of concept, the conductive paste with an optimized sintering process is used to fabricate a wearable wireless heater for remote‐controlled release of therapeutics. The controlled delivery of the system is validated in the practical and on‐demand delivery of antibiotics for eradicating commonly found bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus in dermal wound infections. The biocompatibility of all the materials and manufacturing process is validated by NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells via MTT assay and live/dead staining.}, journal={Advanced Materials Technologies}, author={Zareei, A. and Selvamani, V. and Gopalakrishnan, S. and Kadian, S. and Maruthamuthu, M.K. and He, Z. and Nguyen, J. and Wang, H. and Rahimi, R.}, year={2022} }
 @article{sethi_kadian_manik_2022, title={A Review of Recent Progress in Molecular Dynamics and Coarse-Grain Simulations Assisted Understanding of Wettability}, volume={29}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85122683506&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s11831-021-09689-1}, number={5}, journal={Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering}, author={Sethi, S.K. and Kadian, S. and Manik, G.}, year={2022}, pages={3059–3085} }
 @article{heredia-rivera_gopalakrishnan_kadian_nejati_kasi_rahimi_2022, title={A wireless chipless printed sensor tag for real-time radiation sterilization monitoring}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TC00531J}, DOI={10.1039/D2TC00531J}, abstractNote={This work illustrates the development of a low-cost wireless sensor tag that could be placed in packaged medical products to accurately monitor the level of radiation exposure during the sterilization process.}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry C}, author={Heredia-Rivera, Ulisses and Gopalakrishnan, Sarath and Kadian, Sachin and Nejati, Sina and Kasi, Venkat and Rahimi, Rahim}, year={2022} }
 @inbook{kadian_singh_manik_2022, title={Graphene Based Hybrid Nanocomposites for Solar Cells}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815050714122030007}, DOI={10.2174/9789815050714122030007}, abstractNote={Over the last few years, due to its exceptional two-dimensional (2D)
structure, graphene has played a key role in developing conductive transparent devices
and acquired significant attention from scientists to get placed as a boon material in the
energy industry. Graphene-based materials have played several roles, including
interfacial buffer layers, electron/hole transport material, and transparent electrodes in
photovoltaic devices. Apart from charge extraction and electron transportation,
graphene protects the photovoltaic devices from atmospheric degradation through its
2D network and offers long-term air or environmental stability. This chapter focuses on
the recent advancements in graphene and its nanocomposites-based solar cell devices,
including dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic solar cells (OSCs), and
perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We further discuss the impact of incorporating graphene based materials on the power conversion efficiency for each type of solar cell. The last
section of this chapter highlights the potential challenges and future research scope of
graphene-based nanocomposites for solar cell applications.}, booktitle={Current and Future Developments in Nanomaterials and Carbon Nanotubes}, publisher={BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS}, author={Kadian, Sachin and Singh, Manjinder and Manik, Gaurav}, year={2022}, month={Aug}, pages={61–77} }
 @article{chatterjee_nath_kadian_kumar_kumar_roy_manik_satapathi_2022, title={Highly sensitive and selective detection of dopamine with boron and sulfur co-doped graphene quantum dots}, volume={12}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85130985935&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-022-13016-4}, abstractNote={AbstractIn this work, we report, the synthesis of Boron and Sulfur co-doped graphene quantum dots (BS-GQDs) and its applicability as a label-free fluorescence sensing probe for the highly sensitive and selective detection of dopamine (DA). Upon addition of DA, the fluorescence intensity of BS-GQDs were effectively quenched over a wide concentration range of DA (0–340 μM) with an ultra-low detection limit of 3.6 μM. The quenching mechanism involved photoinduced electron transfer process from BS-GQDs to dopamine-quinone, produced by the oxidization of DA under alkaline conditions. The proposed sensing mechanism was probed using a detailed study of UV–Vis absorbance, steady state and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The high selectivity of the fluorescent sensor towards DA is established. Our study opens up the possibility of designing a low-cost biosensor which will be suitable for detecting DA in real samples.}, number={1}, journal={Scientific Reports}, author={Chatterjee, M. and Nath, P. and Kadian, S. and Kumar, A. and Kumar, V. and Roy, P. and Manik, G. and Satapathi, S.}, year={2022} }
 @article{selvamani_kadian_detwiler_zareei_woodhouse_qi_peana_alcaraz_wang_rahimi_2022, title={Laser-Assisted Nanotexturing and Silver Immobilization on Titanium Implant Surfaces to Enhance Bone Cell Mineralization and Antimicrobial Properties}, volume={38}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127317623&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00008}, abstractNote={Despite the great advancement and wide use of titanium (Ti) and Ti-based alloys in different orthopedic implants, device-related infections remain the major complication in modern orthopedic and trauma surgery. Most of these infections are often caused by both poor antibacterial and osteoinductive properties of the implant surface. Here, we have demonstrated a facile two-step laser nanotexturing and immobilization of silver onto the titanium implants to improve both cellular integration and antibacterial properties of Ti surfaces. The required threshold laser processing power for effective nanotexturing and osseointegration was systematically determined by the level of osteoblast cells mineralized on the laser nanotextured Ti (LN-Ti) surfaces using a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Nd:YAG, wavelength of 1.06 μm). Laser processing powers above 24 W resulted in the formation of hierarchical nanoporous structures (average pore 190 nm) on the Ti surface with a 2.5-fold increase in osseointegration as compared to the pristine Ti surface. Immobilization of silver nanoparticles onto the LN-Ti surface was conducted by dip coating in an aqueous silver ionic solution and subsequently converted to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using a low power laser-assisted photocatalytic reduction process. Structural and surface morphology analysis via XRD and SEM revealed a uniform distribution of Ag and the formation of an AgTi-alloy interface on the Ti surface. The antibacterial efficacy of the LN-Ti with laser immobilized silver (LN-Ti/LI-Ag) was tested against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The LN-Ti/LI-Ag surface was observed to have efficient and stable antimicrobial properties for over 6 days. In addition, it was found that the LN-Ti/LI-Ag maintained a cytocompatibility and bone cell mineralization property similar to the LN-Ti surface. The differential toxicity of the LN-Ti/LI-Ag between bacterial and cellular species qualifies this approach as a promising candidate for novel rapid surface modification of biomedical metal implants.}, number={13}, journal={Langmuir}, author={Selvamani, V. and Kadian, S. and Detwiler, D.A. and Zareei, A. and Woodhouse, I. and Qi, Z. and Peana, S. and Alcaraz, A.M. and Wang, H. and Rahimi, R.}, year={2022}, pages={4014–4027} }
 @article{heredia rivera_kadian_nejati_white_sedaghat_mutlu_rahimi_2022, title={Printed Low-Cost PEDOT:PSS/PVA Polymer Composite for Radiation Sterilization Monitoring}, volume={7}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127608321&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/acssensors.1c02105}, abstractNote={During the γ-radiation sterilization process, the levels of radiation exposure to a medical device must be carefully monitored to achieve the required sterilization without causing deleterious effects on its intended physical and chemical properties. To address this issue, here we have demonstrated the development of an all-printed disposable low-cost sensor that exploits the change in electrical impedance of a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as a functional polymer composite for radiation sterilization monitoring applications. Specifically, the PEDOT:PSS acts as the electrically conductive medium, while the PVA provides the ductility and stability of the printed sensors. During irradiation exposure, chain scission and cross-linking events occur concurrently in the PEDOT:PSS and PVA polymer chains, respectively. The concurrent scissoring of the PEDOT polymer and cross-linking of the PVA polymer network leads to the formation of a stable SIPN with reduced electrical conductivity, which was verified through FTIR, Raman, and TGA analysis. Systematic studies of different ratios of PEDOT:PSS and PVA mixtures were tested to identify the optimal ratio that provided the highest radiation sensitivity and stability performance. The results showed that PEDOT:PSS/PVA composites with 10 wt % PVA produced sensors with relative impedance changes of 30% after 25 kGy and up to 370% after 53 kGy (which are two of the most commonly used radiation exposure levels for sterilization applications). This composition showed high electrical impedance stability with less than ±5% change over 18 days after irradiation exposure. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing a printing technology for scalable manufacturing of low-cost, flexible radiation sensors for more effective monitoring of radiation sterilization processes.}, number={4}, journal={ACS Sensors}, author={Heredia Rivera, U. and Kadian, S. and Nejati, S. and White, J. and Sedaghat, S. and Mutlu, Z. and Rahimi, R.}, year={2022}, pages={960–971} }
 @article{krishnakumar_mishra_kadian_zareei_heredia-rivera_rahimi_2022, title={Printed graphene-based electrochemical sensor with integrated paper microfluidics for rapid lidocaine detection in blood}, volume={1229}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2022.340332}, DOI={10.1016/j.aca.2022.340332}, abstractNote={Topical lidocaine patches are commonly used to relieve pain and suffering in various clinical and household settings. Despite its extensive use, excessive skin absorption during numbing or pain reduction procedures can cause systemic toxicity, which can lead to life-threatening conditions. Rapid and reliable monitoring of escalating levels of lidocaine in the blood could help management/prevention of lidocaine overdose and its associated complications. To address this need, here we have developed a disposable point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platform composed of an integrated graphene-based electrochemical sensor with paper-based microfluidics for rapid detection of lidocaine levels in serum and blood samples. The fabrication process takes advantage of advanced, scalable manufacturing techniques, including printing, laser processing, and nondestructive near infrared (NIR) drying. The sensitivity tests of the platform revealed a sensitivity of ∼0.2 μA μM-1 towards lidocaine concentrations in the clinically relevant range (1-100 μM) in both complex matrix fluids of serum and blood with high cross specificity in the presence of the interfering analytes. This proof-of-concept platform could be regarded as the first step toward the development of low-cost and translational POC devices that could help in better pain management and reduce potential side effects or misuse of analgesics.}, journal={Analytica Chimica Acta}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Krishnakumar, Akshay and Mishra, Rupesh Kumar and Kadian, Sachin and Zareei, Amin and Heredia-Rivera, Ulisses and Rahimi, Rahim}, year={2022}, month={Oct}, pages={340332} }
 @article{chaulagain_alam_kadian_kumar_garcia_manik_shankar_2022, title={Synergistic Enhancement of the Photoelectrochemical Performance of TiO<sub>2</sub>Nanorod Arrays through Embedded Plasmon and Surface Carbon Nitride Co-sensitization}, volume={14}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85131216099&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.2c02649}, abstractNote={We report a unique photoanode architecture involving TiO2, g-C3N4, and AuNPs wherein a synergistic enhancement of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance was obtained with photocurrent densities as high as 3 mA cm-2 under AM1.5G 1 sun illumination. The PEC performance was highly stable and reproducible, and a photoresponse was obtained down to a photon energy of 2.4 eV, close to the interband damping threshold of Au. The photocurrent enhancement was maximized when the Au plasmon band strongly overlapped the g-C3N4 emission band. Our photoanode architecture, which involved AuNPs buried under TiO2 and a plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer-like interaction between g-C3N4 quantum dots (CNQDs) and AuNPs, solved four major problems associated with plasmonic photoelectrocatalysis─it reduced recombination by limiting eliminating direct electrolyte access to AuNPs, it facilitated electron extraction through single-crystal TiO2 nanorod percolation pathways, it facilitated hole extraction through a defective TiO2 seed layer or canopy, and it expanded the range of visible light harvesting by pumping the Au surface plasmons from CNQDs through exciton-to-plasmon resonant energy transfer.}, number={21}, journal={ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces}, author={Chaulagain, N. and Alam, K.M. and Kadian, S. and Kumar, N. and Garcia, J. and Manik, G. and Shankar, K.}, year={2022}, pages={24309–24320} }
 @article{kalkal_kadian_kumar_manik_sen_kumar_packirisamy_2022, title={Ti3C2-MXene decorated with nanostructured silver as a dual-energy acceptor for the fluorometric neuron specific enolase detection}, volume={195}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2021.113620}, DOI={10.1016/j.bios.2021.113620}, abstractNote={Nanohybrids of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have shown fascinating prospects towards the fabrication of highly efficient fluorescent immunosensor. In this context, a nanohybrid of ultrathin Ti3C2-MXene nanosheets and silver nanoparticles (Ag@Ti3C2-MXene) has been reported as a dual-energy acceptor for ultrahigh fluorescence quenching of protein-functionalized graphene quantum dots (anti-NSE/amino-GQDs). The Ti3C2-MXene nanosheets are decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to obsolete the agglomeration and restacking through a one-pot direct reduction method wherein the 2D Ti3C2-MXene nanosheets acted both as a reducing agent and support matrix for AgNPs. The as-prepared nanohybrid is characterized by various techniques to analyze the optical, structural, compositional, and morphological parameters. The quenching efficiency and energy transfer capability between the anti-NSE/amino-GQDs (donor) and Ag@Ti3C2-MXene (acceptor) have been explored through steady state and time-resolved spectroscopic studies. Interestingly, the Ag@Ti3C2-MXene nanohybrid exhibits better quenching and energy transfer efficiencies in contrast to bare Ti3C2-MXene, AgNPs and previously reported AuNPs. Based on optimized donor-acceptor pair, a fluorescent turn-on biosensing system is constructed that revealed improved biosensing characteristics compared to Ti3C2-MXene, graphene and AuNPs for the detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), including higher sensitivity (∼771 mL ng-1), broader linear detection range (0.0001-1500 ng mL-1), better LOD (0.05 pg mL-1), and faster response time (12 min). Besides, remarkable biosensing capability has been observed in serum samples, with fluorescence recovery of ∼98%.}, journal={Biosensors and Bioelectronics}, author={Kalkal, Ashish and Kadian, Sachin and Kumar, Sumit and Manik, Gaurav and Sen, Prosenjit and Kumar, Saurabh and Packirisamy, Gopinath}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @inproceedings{kadian_chaulagain_rajashekhar_vrushabendrakumar_manik_shankar_2021, title={An Ultrasensitive Fluorescent Paper Based Acidic Gas Sensing Platform}, volume={2021-October}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85123619659&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639646}, abstractNote={Acidic gases are highly toxic for humans, wild animals and environment. Therefore, the development of easy-to-use, low cost, fluorescent paper-based rapid and selective sensing of acidic gas in open as well as closed environments is of great significance. In the present work, we have synthesized red emissive sulfur using a two-step oxidation process and infused it into standard filter paper for the detection of acidic fumes. The as-prepared red emissive fluorescent paper exhibits significant change in emission color from red to dark brown upon exposure to acidic vapors. Therefore, the simple, portable and disposable analytical fluorescent paper-based sensing platform can be used as a next generation alternative technique for the effective detection of acidic gases with numerous applications in food quality control, clinical determination and environment surveilling.}, booktitle={Proceedings of IEEE Sensors}, author={Kadian, S. and Chaulagain, N. and Rajashekhar, H. and Vrushabendrakumar, D. and Manik, G. and Shankar, K.}, year={2021} }
 @article{kadian_tailor_chaulagain_shankar_satapathi_manik_2021, title={Effect of sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots incorporation on morphological, optical and electron transport properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite thin films}, volume={6}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06272-z}, DOI={10.1007/s10854-021-06272-z}, number={13}, journal={Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Kadian, Sachin and Tailor, Naveen Kumar and Chaulagain, Narendra and Shankar, Karthik and Satapathi, Soumitra and Manik, Gaurav}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={17406–17417} }
 @article{kalkal_kadian_pradhan_manik_packirisamy_2021, title={Recent advances in graphene quantum dot-based optical and electrochemical (bio)analytical sensors}, volume={2}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85114265870&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1039/d1ma00251a}, abstractNote={Pictorial representation of various topics discussed in the review: GQDs synthesis strategies, properties, their regulation through heteroatom doping/surface functionalization, and (bio)analytical sensors (optical, ECL, electrochemical).}, number={17}, journal={Materials Advances}, author={Kalkal, A. and Kadian, S. and Pradhan, R. and Manik, G. and Packirisamy, G.}, year={2021}, pages={5513–5541} }
 @article{kumar_kumar_kadian_srivastava_manik_bag_2021, title={Tunable ionic conductivity and photoluminescence in quasi-2D CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbBr<sub>3</sub>thin films incorporating sulphur doped graphene quantum dots}, volume={23}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85117405633&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1039/d1cp03621a}, abstractNote={Incorporating sulphur doped GQDs in the perovskite active layer results in a quasi 2D-structure with reduced ion migration and improved device stability.}, number={39}, journal={Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics}, author={Kumar, R. and Kumar, J. and Kadian, S. and Srivastava, P. and Manik, G. and Bag, M.}, year={2021}, pages={22733–22742} }
 @article{kadian_manik_2020, title={A highly sensitive and selective detection of picric acid using fluorescent sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85078752045&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/bio.3782}, abstractNote={AbstractThe development of an analytical probe to monitor highly mutagenic picric acid (PA) carries enormous significance for the environment and for health. A novel, simple and rapid fluorescence analytical assay using sulfur‐doped graphene quantum dots (SGQDs) was designed for the highly sensitive and selective detection of PA. SGQDs were synthesized via simple pyrolysis of 3‐mercaptopropionic acid and citric acid and characterized using advanced analytical techniques. Fluorescence intensity (FI) of SGQDs was markedly quenched by addition of PA, attributed to the inner filter effect and dominating static quenching mechanism between the two, in addition to a significant colour change. The calibration curve of the proposed assay exhibited a favourable linearity between quenched FI and PA concentration over the 0.1–100 μΜ range with a lowest detection limit of 0.093 μΜ and a correlation coefficient of 0.9967. The analytical assay was investigated for detection of trace amounts of PA in pond and rain water samples and showed great potential for practical applications with both acceptable recovery (98.0–100.8%) and relative standard deviation (1.24–4.67%). Analytical performance of the assay in terms of its detection limit, linearity range, and recovery exhibited reasonable superiority over previously reported methods, thereby holding enormous promise as a simple, sensitive, and selective method for detection of PA.}, journal={Luminescence}, author={Kadian, S. and Manik, G.}, year={2020} }
 @article{kalkal_pradhan_kadian_manik_packirisamy_2020, title={Biofunctionalized graphene quantum dots based fluorescent biosensor towards efficient detection of small cell lung cancer}, volume={3}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c00427}, DOI={10.1021/acsabm.0c00427}, abstractNote={Quantitative detection of cancer biomarkers with higher accuracy and sensitivity provides an effective platform for screening, monitoring, early diagnosis, and disease surveillance. The present work demonstrates the fabrication and application of fluorescent turn-on biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of small cell lung cancer biomarker utilizing biofunctionalized graphene quantum dots as the energy donor and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the energy acceptor. One-pot and the bottom-up hydrothermal route have been employed for the synthesis of in situ amine-functionalized and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (amine-N-GQDs) and further characterized experimentally by different analytical techniques. The molecular simulation studies were performed using the Material Studio software for optimizing the possible chemical structure of synthesized amine-N-GQDs, a comprehensive analysis of experimental results to validate the presence of potential N-doping and amine functionalization sites. Then monoclonal neuron-specific enolase antibodies (anti-NSE) were covalently immobilized to amine-N-GQDs to provide the biofunctionalized GQDs (anti-NSE/amine-N-GQDs). A label-free and efficient fluorescent biosensor based on nanosurface energy transfer (NSET) between anti-NSE/amine-N-GQDs and AuNPs has been developed for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) detection. The fluorescence response studies of anti-NSE/amine-N-GQDs@AuNPs nanoprobe conducted as a function of NSE antigen exhibited fast response time (16 min), broader linear detection range (0.1 pg mL-1 to 1000 ng mL-1), and remarkably low detection limit (0.09 pg mL-1). Additionally, the fluorescent biosensor exhibited excellent performance in real samples, with an average recovery value of 94.69%.}, number={8}, journal={ACS Applied Bio Materials}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Kalkal, Ashish and Pradhan, Rangadhar and Kadian, Sachin and Manik, Gaurav and Packirisamy, Gopinath}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={4922–4932} }
 @article{sethi_kadian_anubhav_goel_chauhan_manik_2020, title={Fabrication and Analysis of ZnO Quantum Dots Based Easy Clean Coating: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Investigation}, volume={5}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.202001092}, DOI={10.1002/slct.202001092}, abstractNote={AbstractIn this work, ZnO QD have been synthesized and later characterized using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). XRD has confirmed the crystalline structure and TEM provided an average particle size of ∼6 nm. Further, ZnO QD with different wt. % were incorporated into poly(vinylacetate)‐graft‐poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PVAc‐g‐PDMS) base matrix and several performance properties like water contact angle (CA), transparency and surface behavior were assessed. Molecular dynamics simulation helped to demonstrate that vdW and valence energy effectively control filler‐matrix interactions and ZnO QD filler significantly enhanced matrix‐substrate interaction. For this, Gaussian distribution function has been utilized to model surface roughness of PVAc‐g‐PDMS/ZnO coatings with randomized filler dispersion. Experimentally, scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the presence of dual (micro and nano) scale grooves by ZnO QD alone due to their limited agglomeration, which helped to enhance water repellency by ∼16 % without compromising with transparency. Theoretical investigations reveal that the coating, formulated from non‐health hazardous materials, possessed good transparency (>88 %), substrate adhesion (‐4045.33 kcal/mol), water (CA=109±2°) and decent oil (CA=69±2°) repellency, which agrees well with experimental results. Conclusively, 3 % ZnO QD in PVAc‐g‐PDMS is a useful coating material with optimal substrate adhesion, transparency and fluid repellency.}, number={29}, journal={ChemistrySelect}, author={Sethi, S.K. and Kadian, S. and Anubhav and Goel and Chauhan, R.P. and Manik, G.}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={8942–8950} }
 @article{kadian_sethi_manik_2021, title={Recent advancements in synthesis and property control of graphene quantum dots for biomedical and optoelectronic applications}, volume={5}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qm00550a}, DOI={10.1039/d0qm00550a}, abstractNote={This review summarizes the recent progress in synthetic, functional, structural and property control strategies of GQDs and their current potential applications in biomedical and optoelectronic domain.}, number={2}, journal={Materials Chemistry Frontiers}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Kadian, Sachin and Sethi, Sushanta K. and Manik, Gaurav}, year={2021}, pages={627–658} }
 @article{kadian_manik_2020, title={Sulfur doped graphene quantum dots as a potential sensitive fluorescent probe for the detection of quercetin}, volume={317}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85079903743&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126457}, abstractNote={In this work, a novel, selective and sensitive fluorescent probe (sulfur doped graphene quantum dots, SGQDs) was designed for real-time detection of quercetin in red wine samples. SGQDs were synthesized by pyrolyzing citric acid (CA) and 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and characterized through advanced techniques. It was observed that fluorescence intensity of SGQDs could be substantially quenched by the addition of quercetin through inner filter effect (IFE) mechanism. Additionally, a visual color change (colorless to light yellow) was also noticed after addition of quercetin into a solution of SGQDs. The change in SGQDs fluorescence intensity with varying quercetin content revealed good linearity in the 0-50.0 μM range with regression coefficient of 0.9943 and a lowest detection limit of 0.006 μg/mL. To authenticate the real-time application of SGQDs as a potential fluorescent probe, red wine samples having different quercetin concentrations were used for quantitative analysis, after the optimization of several analytical parameters.}, journal={Food Chemistry}, author={Kadian, S. and Manik, G.}, year={2020} }
 @article{kadian_manik_das_nehra_chauhan_roy_2020, title={Synthesis, characterization and investigation of synergistic antibacterial activity and cell viability of silver–sulfur doped graphene quantum dot (Ag@S-GQDs) nanocomposites}, volume={8}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tb02823d}, DOI={10.1039/c9tb02823d}, abstractNote={In this work, a new nanocomposite (Ag@S-GQDs) have been synthesized using one-step facile synthesis process and their antibacterial as well as cytotoxicity properties were investigated systematically.}, number={15}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry B}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Kadian, Sachin and Manik, Gaurav and Das, Neeladrisingha and Nehra, Poonam and Chauhan, Rishi Pal and Roy, Partha}, year={2020}, pages={3028–3037} }
 @article{kadian_manik_das_roy_2020, title={Targeted bioimaging and sensing of folate receptor positive cancer cells using folic acid conjugated sulfur doped graphene quantum dots}, volume={187}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85088351524&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00604-020-04448-8}, number={8}, journal={Microchimica Acta}, author={Kadian, S. and Manik, G. and Das, N. and Roy, P.}, year={2020}, month={Jul} }
 @article{kadian_manik_kalkal_singh_chauhan_2019, title={Effect of sulfur doping on fluorescence and quantum yield of graphene quantum dots: An experimental and theoretical investigation}, volume={30}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85071354712&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1088/1361-6528/ab3566}, abstractNote={Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are one of the most promising luminescent carbon derived nanomaterials decorated with multiple useful functional groups and remarkable optoelectronic properties. Heteroatom doping of hexagonal carbon sheet of GQDs is an effective strategy to tailor their properties to meet desired application. In this work, sulfur doped GQDs (S-GQDs) were synthesized by simply pyrolyzing citric acid (CA) as a source of carbon and 3-Mercaptopropionic acid as a source of sulfur dopant. The optimal reaction conditions (ratio of the carbon to dopant source, temperature and time of reaction) were obtained while investigating their effect on the quantum yield and fluorescence properties of GQDs and, are hereby, reported for the first time. The as-synthesized S-GQDs were extensively characterized by different analytical techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–vis Spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. S-GQDs were found uniform in size (∼4 nm) and spherical in shape with strong blue fluorescence. Further, for in-depth analysis of experimental results and underlying phenomena, theoretical studies based on density functional theory were performed for chemical structure optimization, possible sites of doping and density of states calculation. The synthesized S-GQDs exhibited excellent solubility in water, a stronger fluorescence and desirably higher quantum yield (57.44%) as compared to that of previously reported undoped GQDs. These successfully demonstrated unique and improved properties of S-GQDs present them as a potential candidate for biomedical, optical, electrical and chemical applications.}, number={43}, journal={Nanotechnology}, author={Kadian, S. and Manik, G. and Kalkal, A. and Singh, M. and Chauhan, R.P.}, year={2019} }
 @article{kadian_arya_kumar_sharma_chauhan_srivastava_chandra_singh_2018, title={Synthesis and Application of PHT-TiO<inf>2</inf> Nanohybrid for Amperometric Glucose Detection in Human Saliva Sample}, volume={30}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85053880327&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/elan.201800207}, abstractNote={AbstractNanoparticles and their composites are considered to play a significant role in the development of electrochemical biosensors. In the present work, we have synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles comprising poly (3‐hexylthiophene) (PHT) nanohybrid for the fabrication of glucose biosensor. The thin film of hybrid PHT/TiO2 nano‐composite was deposited onto indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) glass substrate followed by immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx). The developed sensor was characterized using X‐Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, UV‐visible spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical response of the nanocomposite coated electrode was studied which shows a quasi‐reversible electrochemical behavior. The experimental conditions for glucose detection were optimized in terms of GOx immobilization time, GOx concentrations, temperature, and pH, in order to obtain maximum sensitivity. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the ITO/TiO2/PHT/GOx sensor probe displays excellent catalytic activity towards glucose with the response time of <10.0 sec, showing its robustness for direct clinical analysis. Chronoamperometry was performed for the quantitative detection of glucose which displays the linear dynamic range between 1–310 mg/dL with the detection limit of 0.62±0.02 mg/dL. The developed biosensor was successfully applied to detect glucose in human saliva samples without any pre‐treatment step. Importantly, the detection range of the designed biosensor was in range of normal and clinical salivary glucose levels. Interferences due to nontarget biochemicals was investigated and long term stability of the sensor probe was evaluated.}, number={11}, journal={Electroanalysis}, author={Kadian, S. and Arya, B.D. and Kumar, S. and Sharma, S.N. and Chauhan, R.P. and Srivastava, A. and Chandra, P. and Singh, S.P.}, year={2018}, pages={2793–2802} }