@article{fleming_marvel_supak_motsinger-reif_reif_2022, title={ToxPi*GIS Toolkit: creating, viewing, and sharing integrative visualizations for geospatial data using ArcGIS}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1559-064X"]}, DOI={10.1038/s41370-022-00433-w}, abstractNote={Abstract
                Background
                Presenting a comprehensive picture of geographic data comprising multiple factors is an inherently integrative undertaking. Visualizing such data in an interactive form is essential for public sharing and geographic information systems (GIS) analysis. The Toxicological Prioritization Index (ToxPi) framework offers a visual analytic integrating data that is compatible with geographic data. ArcGIS is a predominant geospatial software available for presenting and communicating geographic data, yet to our knowledge there is no methodology for integrating ToxPi profiles into ArcGIS maps.
              
                Objective
                We introduce an actively developed suite of software, the ToxPi*GIS Toolkit, for creating, viewing, sharing, and analyzing interactive ToxPi profiles in ArcGIS to allow for new GIS analysis and an avenue for providing geospatial results to the public.
              
                Methods
                The ToxPi*GIS Toolkit is a collection of methods for creating interactive feature layers that contain ToxPi profiles. It currently includes an ArcGIS Toolbox (ToxPiToolbox.tbx) for drawing location-specific ToxPi profiles in a single feature layer, a collection of modular Python scripts that create predesigned layer files containing ToxPi feature layers from the command line, and a collection of Python routines for useful data manipulation and preprocessing. We present workflows documenting ToxPi feature layer creation, sharing, and embedding for both novice and advanced users looking for additional customizability.
              
                Results
                Map visualizations created with the ToxPi*GIS Toolkit can be made freely available on public URLs, allowing users without ArcGIS Pro access or expertise to view and interact with them. Novice users with ArcGIS Pro access can create de novo custom maps, and advanced users can exploit additional customization options. The ArcGIS Toolbox provides a simple means for generating ToxPi feature layers. We illustrate its usage with current COVID-19 data to compare drivers of pandemic vulnerability in counties across the United States.
              
                Significance
                The integration of ToxPi profiles with ArcGIS provides new avenues for geospatial analysis, visualization, and public sharing of multi-factor data. This allows for comparison of data across a region, which can support decisions that help address issues such as disease prevention, environmental health, natural disaster prevention, chemical risk, and many others. Development of new features, which will advance the interests of the scientific community in many fields, is ongoing for the ToxPi*GIS Toolkit, which can be accessed from www.toxpi.org.
              }, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY}, author={Fleming, Jonathon and Marvel, Skylar W. and Supak, Stacy and Motsinger-Reif, Alison A. and Reif, David M.}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{hasala_supak_rivers_2020, title={Green infrastructure site selection in the Walnut Creek wetland community: A case study from southeast Raleigh, North Carolina}, volume={196}, ISSN={["1872-6062"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103743}, abstractNote={Recent findings have shown that minority communities are frequently underserved by green infrastructure developments relative to non-minority communities, as local installations of green infrastructure often follow patterns of gentrification. Antipathy from these communities toward existing environmental management efforts present further obstacles related to green infrastructure placement. While hydrologic modeling has been highly utilized in decision support for green infrastructure placement, this technique does not consider ownership, access concerns, or the importance of visibility. Alternatively, participatory geographic information systems (PPGIS) can provide a different perspective from hydrologic models, as they have the potential to forecast community perceptions of green infrastructure utility, rather than hydrological benefit. We use a mixed-methods approach to optimize green infrastructure site-selection that considers hydrologic vulnerabilities in the context of place-based knowledge and historical realities. Residents' perceptions of the locations of nuisance flooding were reported via participatory mapping within a paper-based survey (n = 95) conducted in the communities surrounding Walnut Creek, a historically African-American community in Raleigh, North Carolina. Hotspot analysis was used to identify statistically significant clustering, which was related to a correspondence between participant-indicated nuisance flooding sites and high flow accumulation cells. Comparison of the participatory and hydrologic hotspot analyses show some geospatial overlap for potential green infrastructure placement. We propose that, when undertaken with community input, green infrastructure installation in these downstream areas may help offset localized flooding patterns while facilitating greater trust with stormwater and environmental practitioners.}, journal={LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING}, author={Hasala, Dresden and Supak, Stacy and Rivers, Louie}, year={2020}, month={Apr} }
 @article{nazariadli_morais_supak_baran_bunds_2019, title={Assessing the visual Q method online research tool: A usability, reliability, and methods agreement analysis}, volume={12}, ISSN={2059-7991 2059-7991}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059799119832194}, DOI={10.1177/2059799119832194}, abstractNote={The traditional paper-based Q method was introduced to the social sciences in the 1930s. However, despite its unique capability for measuring peoples’ subjective opinions, the method has not been broadly employed by researchers. Moreover, despite recent efforts to administer the Q method surveys via the Internet, they have been mostly limited to the usage of textual prompts. Besides, there is no concrete evidence on the usability, reliability, and agreement analysis between the online Q method research tools and the traditional paper-based Q method. Therefore, the visual Q method online research tool was developed to resolve these deficiencies and add new dimensions (audio and video) to the Q method research. The development of the visual Q method platform was a three-stage process that commenced with a usability test on 31 visitors to a local museum. Second, a test–retest reliability analysis with a convenient sample of 37 students resulted in a high reliability coefficient superior to that of the traditional paper-based Q method. Third, the analysis of agreement between the visual Q method and the traditional paper-based Q method on a sample of 10 students revealed substantial similarities between their generated (V)Q sorts. Overall, the study findings provide substantial evidence on the usability and rigor of the visual Q method online research tool.}, number={1}, journal={Methodological Innovations}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Nazariadli, Shahab and Morais, Duarte B and Supak, Stacy and Baran, Perver K and Bunds, Kyle S}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={205979911983219} }
 @article{matney_slocumb_smith_bonsall_supak_2019, title={Implementation and Evaluation of a Geospatial Management Solution for the U.S. National Park Service's Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program}, volume={37}, ISSN={2160-6862}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2019-9250}, DOI={10.18666/JPRA-2019-9250}, abstractNote={Many U.S. federal land management agencies experience difficulties modernizing the management of their geospatial data. These data are frequently administered using desktop-based geographic information systems (GIS) that require specialized skillsets to operate, potentially rendering insights derived from their usage inaccessible to large swaths of land managers. The increasing scale and complexity of geospatial data necessitates modern management tools. While many land managers regularly seek out novel strategies, there is limited discussion in the literature of applying contemporary web-based GIS techniques to land management problems. This research note presents a standardized geospatial approach in the form of a web GIS tool called a Geospatial Management Solution (GMS). Key components of a GMS are described, alongside its implementation within the U.S. National Park Service's Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance (RTCA) program based on their identified needs. Our results include recommendations for land managers considering implementing a GMS, and suggestions for future research. Subscribe to JPRA}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, publisher={Sagamore Publishing, LLC}, author={Matney, Jason A. and Slocumb, William S. and Smith, Jordan W. and Bonsall, Peter and Supak, Stacy K.}, year={2019}, pages={132–143} }
 @article{nazariadli_morais_bunds_baran_supak_2019, title={Rural tourism microentrepreneurs’ self-representation through photography: a counter-hegemonic approach}, volume={28}, ISSN={1037-1656 2204-0536}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10371656.2019.1576294}, DOI={10.1080/10371656.2019.1576294}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT American rural social geography has been subjected to simplified and standardised projections and stereotyping by hegemonic tourism media. Urban-centred advertising of rural tourism destinations is a powerful medium in creating hegemony and hierarchy between urban and rural communities. The act of representing rural social geographies through tourism creates discourse which dialectically creates and reinforces the modified social status quo of rural societies. Hence, aiming for social change and to magnify the rural subaltern voice, this article adopted auto-photography as an ethnographic participatory method. Fourteen rural tourism microentrepreneurs from the Piedmont region of North Carolina, United States, participated in self-representational photography of the aspects of life they wished to share with urbanites. Interviews were conducted using participants’ favourite photos as prompts. Critical discourse analysis was employed to identify rural tourism microentrepreneurs’ self-representations that counter urban-normativity. Findings show microentrepreneurs resisted and complied with an urban-normative tourism-based ideological hegemony.}, number={1}, journal={Rural Society}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Nazariadli, Shahab and Morais, Duarte B. and Bunds, Kyle and Baran, Perver and Supak, Stacy}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={29–51} }
 @inbook{supak_brothers_ghahramani_van berkel_2016, title={Geospatial Analytics for Park & Protected Land Visitor Reservation Data}, ISBN={9783319442624 9783319442631}, ISSN={2366-2611 2366-262X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44263-1_6}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-44263-1_6}, abstractNote={Reservation databases utilized by parks and protected lands (PPLs) are a source of empirical data that holds a wealth of spatiotemporal information about both destination usage (from the supply side) and visitor characteristics (the demand population). Unfortunately, PPL reservation databases are rarely explored with these goals in mind. Geovisualizations of reservation data can be used to identify longitudinal patterns, trends and relationships that can help PPL managers generate knowledge useful in decision support. To demonstrate the knowledge that can be gained through geospatial analytics of PPL reservation data, 12.5 million reservation records from the recreation.gov database between January 1, 2007 and December 30, 2015 are examined. The database includes 3272 distinct destinations that provided camping, permitting or ticketing on U.S. Federal PPLs. This chapter discusses both the value of, and the methodology for, inductively exploring spatiotemporal PPL reservation data through geovisualization. Efforts such as those described in this chapter can provide decision support to managers of Federal, State and County agencies tasked with tourism and resource management.}, booktitle={Analytics in Smart Tourism Design}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={Supak, Stacy and Brothers, Gene and Ghahramani, Ladan and Van Berkel, Derek}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={81–109} }
 @article{supak_brothers_bohnenstiehl_devine_2015, title={Geospatial analytics for federally managed tourism destinations and their demand markets}, volume={4}, ISSN={2212-571X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.05.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.05.002}, abstractNote={Understanding geospatial demand for destinations can improve management decisions affecting destination planning, marketing, natural preservation, and resident as well as visitor experiences. Visualization and analysis of demand markets are significantly enhanced by the capabilities of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and help to support management objectives. This study implements traditional desktop GIS as well as a free, web-delivered decision-support tool for tourism planning and marketing to assess ~7.5 million overnight accommodation reservations made for federal recreational facilities between 1999 and 2007. Visitor origin frequency and median travel distance for overnight accommodations are summarized by visitor zip code and by facility. National results indicate: (1) facilities in the west, the Great Lakes and the southern Appalachians regions draw overnight visitors from the greatest median distances; (2) residents in the Northeast have the lowest per-capita utilization; (3) residents within the south-central Midwest and central-west Southern States have the highest percapita utilization and tend strongly toward local overnight reservations. Three selected national park regions are used to illustrate destinations characterized by highly localized utilization (Hot Springs National Park, AR), both local and regional utilization (Yosemite National Park, CA) and regionally to nationally dispersed utilization with few local residents reserving overnight accommodations (Canyonlands National Park, UT). Market profiling derived from local, regional and national customer origin markets can help any tourism destination, including national parks and their gateway communities, make smarter management and marketing decisions.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Destination Marketing & Management}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Supak, Stacy and Brothers, Gene and Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne and Devine, Hugh}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={173–186} }
 @article{supak_brothers_bohnenstiehl_2015, title={Geospatial analytics for federally managed tourism destinations and their demand markets}, volume={4}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Destination Marketing & Management}, author={Supak, S. and Brothers, G. and Bohnenstiehl, D.}, year={2015}, pages={173–176} }
 @article{supak_devine_brothers_rozier rich_shen_2014, title={An Open Source Web-Mapping System for Tourism Planning and Marketing}, volume={31}, ISSN={1054-8408 1540-7306}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.890153}, DOI={10.1080/10548408.2014.890153}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Core retail management functions include defining market areas and profiling customers. For tourism enterprises, market areas are geographically dispersed with many customers residing beyond the immediate area surrounding the attraction. Visualization and analysis of these distributed market areas are significantly enhanced by the capabilities of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and help to support management objectives. Unfortunately, many businesses are unable to utilize GIS due to its complexity and expense. This study develops a decision support tool for tourism planning and marketing that is customized and easy to use, employs open source software to reduce expense, and allows for broad accessibility via web delivery. Users can easily visualize and examine the spatial distribution of their own United States (US) client origins and visitation patterns along with relevant tourism-specific and general demographic information. This functionality can be beneficial in developing or augmenting business plans or marketing strategies, and for informing tourism theory.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Supak, Stacy Kathleen and Devine, Hugh Alexander and Brothers, Gene Leroy and Rozier Rich, Samantha and Shen, Wenbo}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={835–853} }
 @misc{moorman_kolb_supak_2014, title={Estuarine monitoring programs in the Albemarle Sound study area, North Carolina}, ISSN={2331-1258}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141110}, DOI={10.3133/ofr20141110}, abstractNote={Albemarle Sound was selected in 2012 as one of the two demonstration sites in the Nation to test and improve the design of the National Water Quality Monitoring Council’s National Monitoring Network (NMN) for U.S. Coastal Waters and their tributaries. The goal of the NMN for U.S. coastal waters and tributaries is to provide information about the health of our oceans and coastal ecosystems and inland influences on coastal waters for improved resource management. The NMN is an integrated, multidisciplinary, and multiorganizational program using multiple sources of data and information to augment current monitoring programs. The purpose of this report is to identify major natural resource management issues for the region, provide information on current monitoring activities occurring within the Albemarle Sound study area, determine how the current monitoring network fits into the design of the NMN, and determine what additional monitoring data are needed to address these issues. In order to address these questions, a shapefile and data table were created to document monitoring and research programs in the Albemarle Sound study area with an emphasis on current monitoring programs within the region. This database was queried to determine monitoring gaps that existed in the Albemarle Sound by comparing current monitoring programs with the design indicated by the NMN. The report uses this information to provide recommendations on how monitoring could be improved in the Albemarle Sound study area.}, journal={Open-File Report}, publisher={US Geological Survey}, author={Moorman, Michelle and Kolb, Katharine R. and Supak, Stacy}, year={2014} }
 @phdthesis{supak_2013, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={Advances in Customized Open Source Web Mapping: A Geographic Information System (GIS) Application for Tourism Planning and Marketing}, school={North Carolina State University}, author={Supak, S.}, year={2013} }
 @article{supak_luo_tateosian_fang_harrell_harrelson_bailey_devine_2012, title={Who's Watching Your Food? A Flexible Framework for Public Health Monitoring1}, volume={16}, ISSN={1361-1682}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01309.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01309.x}, abstractNote={AbstractBy responding to potentially life‐threatening emergencies such as foodborne illnesses and water contamination, U.S. public health agencies play a vital role in promoting human health and protecting the environment. Local, state, and federal partners must collaborate to strategically plan initiatives, allocate resources, and evaluate emergency response activities. These collaborative decision‐making processes can be improved by using web‐based mapping applications for visualization and analysis. We developed a web‐based GIS framework which is applied to public health data for North Carolina's (NC) Department of Health and Human Services. The application visualizes all state‐regulated food service facilities and supports query and analysis tools crucial for food recalls or radiation contamination tracking. Built with PostgreSQL/PostGIS, GeoServer, and a customized GeoExplorer map viewer, the framework delivers a web‐based mapping tool that is flexible and Open Source. The flexibility of the framework is an important dimension of its scalability, allowing it to be customizable, modular, and portable so that it is easily configurable to support additional research and education initiatives. This approach reverses a trend toward application‐specific web mapping development in Open Source GIS. To demonstrate flexibility, we configured an additional website for forest landowner management to be used by another state agency, the NC Forest Service.}, number={2}, journal={Transactions in GIS}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Supak, Stacy and Luo, Huan and Tateosian, Laura and Fang, Kunsheng and Harrell, Julia and Harrelson, Cris and Bailey, Andrew D. and Devine, Hugh}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={89–104} }
 @book{harrolle_rich_rascher_xu_king_supak_2011, title={Economic impact study of organized youth camps in Western North Carolina (Buncome, Jackson, Henderson, and Transylvania Counties)}, institution={North Carolina Youth Camp Association}, author={Harrolle, M.G. and Rich, S.R. and Rascher, D. and Xu, S. and King, M. and Supak, S.}, year={2011}, month={Mar} }
 @inbook{supak_leung_stewart_2010, title={Geotourism Potential in North Carolina: Perspectives from Interpretation at State Parks}, ISBN={9781906884093}, booktitle={Geotourism: The Tourism of Geology and Landscape}, publisher={Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers Ltd.}, author={Supak, S. and Leung, Y.F. and Stewart, K.}, year={2010} }
 @book{rich_tomas_banks_standish_supak_2010, title={Occupancy analysis of Applewood Manor Inn Bed and Breakfast}, institution={Applewood Manor Inn Bed and Breakfast}, author={Rich, S.R. and Tomas, S.R. and Banks, C. and Standish, K. and Supak, S.}, year={2010}, month={Mar} }
 @article{supak_carbotte_macdonald_2007, title={Influence of ridge migration and proximity to hot spots on the morphology of slow- and intermediate-spreading centers}, volume={8}, ISSN={1525-2027}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001387}, DOI={10.1029/2006GC001387}, abstractNote={Recent observations of ridge bathymetry suggest magmatic segmentation at fast‐ and intermediate‐spreading centers is linked to the migration of the spreading axis over the mantle. At fast‐ and intermediate‐spreading centers, Carbotte et al. (2004) observed that leading segments, those that are offset in the direction of ridge migration, are typically shallower (interpreted to be magmatically robust) relative to trailing segments across first‐ and second‐order discontinuities. The model set forth for this correlation invokes asymmetrical mantle upwelling in response to the absolute motion of the ridge axis and the entrainment of melt from across discontinuities. In this investigation, differences in ridge axis depth across first‐ and second‐order discontinuities are examined within the context of absolute plate motions for portions of the slow‐spreading Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR 22–36°N and 25–35°S latitude), intermediate‐spreading Galápagos Spreading Center (GSC 83–98°W), and intermediate‐spreading South East Indian Ridge (SEIR 77–114°E). Portions of each of these areas display chemical and/or physical anomalies resulting from hot spot–ridge interaction. Along non–hot spot–influenced sections of intermediate‐spreading ridges, leading segments coincide with shallower segments across 72% of the first‐ and second‐order discontinuities (86% of transform faults and 55% of second‐order discontinuities). Depth asymmetries vary with ridge offset length, with maximum asymmetries for ridge offset lengths of 50–100 km. A weaker correlation is observed between ridge migration direction and ridge morphology at the slow‐spreading MAR, where leading segments are shallower across ∼60% of first‐ and second‐order discontinuities. For hot spot–influenced spreading centers, hot spot proximity dominates ridge morphology at intermediate‐spreading centers, but it is not a consistent predictor of axial depth asymmetries at slow‐spreading centers. This spreading‐rate‐dependent influence of ridge migration and hot spot proximity on axial morphology may reflect a more limited entrainment of melt from across slow‐spreading discontinuities due to the predominance of three‐dimensional upwelling and melt focusing to segment centers.}, number={1}, journal={Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Supak, S. and Carbotte, S. M. and Macdonald, K. C.}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={n/a-n/a} }
 @article{supak_bohnenstiehl_buck_2006, title={Flexing is not stretching: An analogue study of flexure-induced fault populations}, volume={246}, ISSN={0012-821X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.03.028}, DOI={10.1016/j.epsl.2006.03.028}, abstractNote={Flexure-induced fractures are predicted to form along the axis of maximum tensile stress within a bending brittle plate. The mechanics of this process differ from extensional fault growth in response to lithosphere stretching, where a distributed set of simultaneously growing fractures evolves through elastic interaction. To simulate extensional fault growth during lithospheric flexure, partially solidified plaster layers resting on a foam rubber substrate were depressed by a linear load and fractured in analogue models. The length- and spacing-frequency distributions of the resulting crack populations were analyzed for a series of nine thin (5 mm) and ten thick (15 mm) layer experiments. Previous analogue stretching models predict power-law length-frequency distributions and clustered spacings (Cv > 1) at low strains (< ~ 10%), evolving toward an exponential distribution and more regular spacings (Cv < 1, often termed anticlusted) at larger stains. Crack populations formed at low strains during these bending experiments, however, exhibit length-frequency distributions that are not well described by either a power-law or exponential distribution model, being somewhat better fit by the exponential model in the thin layer experiments and somewhat better fit by the power-law model in the thick layer experiments. One-dimensional spacing-frequency distributions are well described by an exponential distribution model, and crack spacing can be characterized as anticlustered within both the thin and thick layer experiments. Although similar spacing patterns may develop when fracture growth is limited by mechanical layer thickness, the characteristic spacing does not scale with the layer thickness in these flexural experiments. Alternatively, the development of power-law (fractal) populations may be inhibited by the growth history of flexure-induced faults, whereby nucleation is localized spatially due to the distribution of stresses within bending plate. These analogue experiments may be relevant to the outer-rise regions of subduction zones, where the oceanic plate is flexed downward, and the abyssal flanks adjacent to fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge crests, where recent models for axial high development suggest that the plate is unbent as it rafts away from the axis.}, number={1-2}, journal={Earth and Planetary Science Letters}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Supak, S and Bohnenstiehl, D and Buck, W}, year={2006}, month={Jun}, pages={125–137} }