@article{cahill_osmond_weisz_heiniger_2010, title={Evaluation of Alternative Nitrogen Fertilizers for Corn and Winter Wheat Production}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2010.0095}, abstractNote={As natural gas, and thus N fertilizer, prices increase, farmers are looking for ways to decrease N costs in farming operations. To potentially alleviate this cost burden, alternative synthetic N fertilizers are available as potential management tools for increasing crop yields and N use efficiency, and decreasing volatilization. In North Carolina specifically, little data exists on these new, synthetic N fertilizer products being marketed to farmers. Therefore, we undertook a study to compare them with aqueous urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) [(NH2)2CO, NH4NO3] during a 2‐yr field experiment. Corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown in the three physiographic regions of North Carolina with four fertilizer sources (NutriSphere [Specialty Fertilizer Products, Leawood, KS], Environmentally Smart Nitrogen Polymer Coated Urea or ESN [Agrium Inc., Alberta, Canada] UCAN‐23 [Yara, Tampa, FL], and UAN) at up to six fertilizer rates. The use of the alternative products did not regularly produce more corn or wheat grain compared to UAN, while wheat straw yield was greater with NutriSphere, UCAN, and UAN compared to ESN in three of four site years. Also, an aerobic incubation experiment was performed to evaluated N release profiles of the fertilizers at 25°C. The study found that NutriSphere and UCAN release time was similarly to UAN, while ESN showed a slower release profile. However, any difference in release did not affect yields of spring planted corn, NutriSphere and ESN increased corn stover yields in 3 of 6 site‐years. In determining whether to use these alternative N fertilizer products, farmers should consider location, climatic conditions, and fertilizer costs in comparison to UAN.}, number={4}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Cahill, Sheri and Osmond, Deanna and Weisz, Randy and Heiniger, Ronnie}, year={2010}, pages={1226–1236} }
 @article{cahill_osmond_israel_2010, title={Nitrogen Release from Coated Urea Fertilizers in Different Soils}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1532-2416"]}, DOI={10.1080/00103621003721437}, abstractNote={The nitrogen (N) release from coated urea fertilizers (Arborite and ESN), traditional N fertilizers [urea, (NH2)2CO], and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) [(NH2)2CO, NH4NO3] in three North Carolina (USA) soils was measured throughout a 12-week laboratory incubation. Treatments were N source and moisture level (60% and 80% of field capacity). In both the Candor and Cecil soils, 40% of the Arborite N had released by day 2 after addition to the soil. Maximum Arborite N release was achieved by week 6 for both soils. The ESN N release began between weeks 1 and 2, and maximum release was attained by week 6 for the Candor and by week 8 for the Cecil soil. The ESN reached 70% release on Portsmouth by week 8 and Arborite had an immediate release. Field studies of these coated ureas would be needed to determine if they are economically viable over more traditional N fertilizers in North Carolina.}, number={10}, journal={COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS}, author={Cahill, Sheri and Osmond, Deanna and Israel, Daniel}, year={2010}, pages={1245–1256} }
 @article{cahill_johnson_osmond_hardy_2008, title={Response of corn and cotton to starter phosphorus on soils testing very high in phosphorus}, volume={100}, ISSN={["0002-1962"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2007.0202}, abstractNote={Phosphorus from agricultural lands poses a problem in water resources. In 2003, more than 48% of soil samples submitted to the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCDA&CS) soil testing laboratory tested very high in soil P (>120 mg dm−3 P). As soil test P increases, off‐site P loss increases, through erosion, soluble P runoff, or leaching. On soils testing above high soil test P (60–120 mg dm−3 P), studies from the northeast and midwest United States demonstrate that no corn (Zea mays L.) or cotton (Gossypium spp.) yield response from additional fertilizer is expected. However, there have been limited studies on the effects of starter‐P fertilizer on soils with very high P status in North Carolina and the southeast. Therefore, we undertook a study in the three physiographic regions (coastal plain, piedmont, and mountains) of North Carolina to determine if the use of starter‐P fertilizer would affect the growth of corn and cotton on soils having very high soil test P. Treatments were starter N and P, and starter N only. Treatment differences were not observed for corn, while the N‐only treatment had greater tissue N than the N‐ and P‐starter treatment in Piedmont cotton. Additionally, the use of only starter‐N is typically more cost effective than using both N and P starter fertilizer. For production, environmental, and economic reasons, starter‐P fertilizer is not warranted on North Carolina fields with very high soil test P values.}, number={3}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Cahill, Sheri and Johnson, Amy and Osmond, Deanna and Hardy, David}, year={2008}, pages={537–542} }
 @article{cahill_osmond_crozier_israel_weisz_2007, title={Winter wheat and maize response to urea ammonium nitrate and a new urea formaldehyde polymer fertilizer}, volume={99}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2OO7.0132}, number={6}, journal={Agronomy Journal}, author={Cahill, S. and Osmond, Deanna and Crozier, C. and Israel, D. and Weisz, R.}, year={2007}, pages={1645–1653} }