@article{li_chen_fu_xue_zhao_zhang_hu_zhou_zhang_2014, title={Comparison of Si/C, Ge/C and Sn/C composite nanofiber anodes used in advanced lithium-ion batteries}, volume={254}, ISSN={["1872-7689"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/26924681/}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssi.2013.10.063}, abstractNote={Alloy anodes (Si, Ge and Sn) electrospun into carbon nanofibers as binder-free electrodes were synthesized and studied for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Alloy anode materials suffer from serious volume changes and nanoparticle aggregations during lithium insertion and extraction, resulting in rapid pulverization and capacity loss. Carbon nanofibers could help preserve the alloy anode materials during repeated cycling, and consequently maintain the cycling stability. In this work, it was found that with the increase in the amount of Si, Ge and Sn, the cycling stability was decreased due to the formation of large clusters within the carbon nanofiber matrix. Compared with Si/carbon nanofibers, Ge/carbon and Sn/carbon exhibited better cycling performance due to their improved nanoparticle distribution and smaller volume changes. The failure mechanism of the Si/carbon structure was explained in this article. It is believed that this study on Si/carbon, Ge/carbon and Sn/carbon composite nanofiber electrodes could help in designing alloy-based carbon composites with various structures for advanced lithium-ion batteries.}, journal={SOLID STATE IONICS}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Li, Shuli and Chen, Chen and Fu, Kun and Xue, Leigang and Zhao, Chengxin and Zhang, Shu and Hu, Yi and Zhou, Lan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={17–26} }
 @article{li_chen_fu_white_zhao_bradford_zhang_2014, title={Nanosized Ge@CNF, Ge@C@CNF and Ge@CNF@C composites via chemical vapour deposition method for use in advanced lithium-ion batteries}, volume={253}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/11652066/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.017}, abstractNote={Three distinct Ge nanoparticle-filled carbon nanofiber (CNF) composites, [email protected], [email protected]@CNF and [email protected]@C, were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and electrospinning techniques. These different structures were prepared by: 1) dispersing Ge nanoparticles into CNF, 2) adding carbon-coated Ge nanoparticles ([email protected]) prepared by CVD into CNF, and 3) depositing CVD carbon onto [email protected], respectively. Compared with the [email protected] composite, both [email protected]@CNF and [email protected]@C had additional amorphous carbon coating fabricated by the CVD method. The three composites were studied as binder-free electrodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Raw Ge anode materials suffered from serious volume changes and nanoparticle aggregations during cycling, resulting in pulverization and capacity loss. However, carbon nanofiber and the supplemental CVD carbon layer in these nanofiber composites could help preserve the structural integrity of the alloy anode materials during repeated cycling, and consequently, lead to improved cycling stability. In this work, it was found that among the three composites, [email protected]@C exhibited the highest capacity retention of 89% at the 50th cycle due to the structurally-durable thorn-like Ge morphology and the additional CVD carbon confinement. [email protected] and [email protected]@CNF encountered rapid capacity loss because large Ge clusters were formed and jeopardized the integrity of the electrode structure during cycling.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Li, Shuli and Chen, Chen and Fu, Kun and White, Ryan and Zhao, Chengxin and Bradford, Philip D. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={366–372} }
 @article{li_hu_lu_zhang_xu_fu_li_chen_zhou_xia_et al._2014, title={One-dimensional SiOC/C composite nanofibers as binder-free anodes for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={254}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/11754003/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.044}, abstractNote={One-dimensional silicon oxycarbide (SiOC)/C composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning and subsequent heat treatment. Introducing carbon matrix to SiOC anode material is an efficient way to accommodate the large volume changes during cycling and also increase the amount of free carbon, which is beneficial for improving the reversible capacity. These SiOC/C composite nanofibers form free-standing conductive membranes that can be used directly as battery electrodes without adding carbon black or polymer binder. Results show that after 80 cycles, the discharge capacity of SiOC/C composite nanofiber anodes is 70% higher than that of Si/C nanofiber anodes and more than 1.5 times larger than those of commercial anodes made from graphite. It is, therefore, demonstrated that one-dimensional SiOC/C nanofibers are promising anode material with large capacities and good cycling stability.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Li, Ying and Hu, Yi and Lu, Yao and Zhang, Shu and Xu, Guanjie and Fu, Kun and Li, Shuli and Chen, Chen and Zhou, Lan and Xia, Xin and et al.}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={33–38} }
 @article{xue_xia_tucker_fu_zhang_li_zhang_2013, title={A simple method to encapsulate SnSb nanoparticles into hollow carbon nanofibers with superior lithium-ion storage capability}, volume={1}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178344/}, DOI={10.1039/c3ta12921g}, abstractNote={The practical use of high-capacity anodes in lithium-ion batteries generally suffers from significant volume changes upon lithium insertion and extraction. The volume changes induce cracks and loss of inter-particle electronic contact in the electrode, resulting in rapid capacity decay. The use of fiber-like materials to prevent cracks and accommodate volume changes is widely observed in many animal and human activities. Birds mix grass and feathers into mud to build nests, and humans in ancient times blended straw with mud to produce adobe bricks for housing construction. In view of this point, this research designed a porous nanofiber structure to resolve the unstable structure problem of anode materials. The three-dimensional network structure composed of nanofibers provides a highly elastic matrix to accommodate the volume changes of high-capacity Sn and Sb particles and pores around the active particles, induced by CO2 evolution, serve as an additional buffer zone for the volume changes. This unique structure prepared by using a new SnSb alloy precursor and a simple electrospinning technique leads to excellent lithium storage performance in terms of energy density, cycling stability, and rate capability.}, number={44}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, author={Xue, Leigang and Xia, Xin and Tucker, Telpriore and Fu, Kun and Zhang, Shu and Li, Shuli and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, pages={13807–13813} }
 @article{xue_xu_li_li_fu_shi_zhang_2013, title={Carbon-Coated Si Nanoparticles Dispersed in Carbon Nanotube Networks As Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/1792840/}, DOI={10.1021/am3027597}, abstractNote={Si has the highest theoretical capacity among all known anode materials, but it suffers from the dramatic volume change upon repeated lithiation and delithiation processes. To overcome the severe volume changes, Si nanoparticles were first coated with a polymer-driven carbon layer, and then dispersed in a CNT network. In this unique structure, the carbon layer can improve electric conductivity and buffer the severe volume change, whereas the tangled CNT network is expected to provide additional mechanical strength to maintain the integrity of electrodes, stabilize the electric conductive network for active Si, and eventually lead to better cycling performance. Electrochemical test result indicates the carbon-coated Si nanoparticles dispersed in CNT networks show capacity retention of 70% after 40 cycles, which is much better than the carbon-coated Si nanoparticles without CNTs.}, number={1}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Xue, Leigang and Xu, Guanjie and Li, Ying and Li, Shuli and Fu, Kun and Shi, Quan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={21–25} }
 @inproceedings{li_fu_xue_toprakci_li_zhang_xu_lu_zhang_2013, title={Co3O4/carbon composite nanofibers for use as anode material in advanced lithium-ion batteries}, volume={1140}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178343/}, DOI={10.1021/bk-2013-1140.ch003}, abstractNote={Co3O4/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by a combination of electrospinning and carbonization methods using 10 - 30 nm and 30 - 50 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles, respectively, and their potential use as the anode material in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries was investigated. The composite Co3O4/carbon nanofiber electrode containing 30 - 50 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles showed large reversible capacities and good cycleability with charge capacities of 677 and 545 mAh g-1 at the second and twentieth cycles, respectively. In contrast, the composite Co3O4/carbon nanofiber electrode containing 10 - 30 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles showed fast capacity fading during cycling due to severe nanoparticle aggregation. Results suggested that the good electrochemical performance of Co3O4/carbon nanofiber electrode containing 30 - 50 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles was ascribed to the combination of the properties of both Co3O4 nanoparticles (large Li storage capability) and carbon nanofiber matrix (long cycle life), and therefore this electrode material could be potentially used in high-energy rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, booktitle={Nanotechnology for sustainable energy}, author={Li, S. L. and Fu, K. and Xue, L. G. and Toprakci, O. and Li, Y. and Zhang, S. and Xu, G. J. and Lu, Y. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, pages={55–66} }
 @article{fu_xue_yildiz_li_lee_li_xu_zhou_bradford_zhang_et al._2013, title={Effect of CVD carbon coatings on Si@CNF composite as anode for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2211-3282"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178363/}, DOI={10.1016/j.nanoen.2013.03.019}, abstractNote={Lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes with high capacity and binder free structure were synthesized from carbon nanofibers that contained silicon nanoparticles (Si@CNF). The particle filled nonwoven structures were produced by an electrospinning and subsequent carbonization process. Pristine Si@CNF composites had Si nanoparticles exposed on the fiber surface. As produced, the Si nanoparticles could become detached from the nanofiber surface during cycling, causing severe structural damage and capacity loss. In order to prevent Si from detaching from the nanofiber surface, the Si@CNF composite was then treated with a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique to make Si completely coated with a carbon matrix. The carbon coated Si@CNF (Si@CNF-C) composites were synthesized with different Si contents (10, 30, and 50 wt%) for different CVD treatment times (30, 60, and 90 min). It was found that the initial coulombic efficiency of Si@CNF-C could be increased via the amorphous carbon by stabilizing solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) formation on surface. The capacity and cyclic stability were improved by the CVD carbon coating, especially for the 30 wt% Si@CNF-C composite with 90 min CVD coating, a CVD amorphous carbon coating of less than 1% by weight on Si@CNF composites contributed to more than 200% improvement in cycling performance. Results indicate that the CVD carbon coating is an effective approach to improve the electrochemical properties of Si@CNF composites making this a potential route to obtain high-energy density anode materials for LIBs.}, number={5}, journal={NANO ENERGY}, author={Fu, K. and Xue, L. G. and Yildiz, O. and Li, S. L. and Lee, H. and Li, Y. and Xu, G. J. and Zhou, L. and Bradford, P. D. and Zhang, Xiangwu and et al.}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={976–986} }
 @article{li_xue_fu_xia_zhao_zhang_2013, title={High-performance Sn/Carbon Composite Anodes Derived from Sn(II) Acetate/Polyacrylonitrile Precursors by Electrospinning Technology}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1385-2728"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178342/}, DOI={10.2174/1385272811317130011}, abstractNote={Sn/carbon composite nanofibers with various compositions were prepared from Sn(II) acetate/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors by a combination of electrospinning and carbonization methods, and their potential use as anode materials for rechargeable lithiumion batteries was investigated. The composite electrode derived from 20 wt% Sn(II) acetate/PAN precursor showed excellent electrochemical properties, including a large reversible capacity of 699 mAh g-1 and a high capacity retention of 83% in 50 cycles. Sn/carbon composite nanofibers exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance ascribing to the combination of the properties of both Sn nanoparticles (large Li storage capability) and carbon matrices (long cycle life), and therefore could be potentially used in high-energy rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, number={13}, journal={CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY}, author={Li, Shuli and Xue, Leigang and Fu, Kun and Xia, Xin and Zhao, Chengxin and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={1448–1454} }
 @article{xia_li_wang_liu_wei_zhang_2013, title={Structures and properties of SnO2 nanofibers derived from two different polymer intermediates}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1573-4803"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178341/}, DOI={10.1007/s10853-012-7122-7}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Xia, Xin and Li, Shuli and Wang, Xin and Liu, Junxiong and Wei, Qufu and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={3378–3385} }
 @article{xue_zhang_li_lu_toprakci_xia_chen_hu_zhang_2013, title={Synthesis and properties of Li2MnO3-based cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={577}, ISSN={["1873-4669"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674387/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.07.029}, abstractNote={Lithium-ion batteries have been wildly used in various portable electronic devices and the application targets are currently moving from small-sized mobile devices to large-scale electric vehicles and grid energy storage. Therefore, lithium-ion batteries with higher energy densities are in urgent need. For high-energy cathodes, Li2MnO3–LiMO2 layered–layered (M = Mn, Co, Ni) materials are of significant interest due to their high specific capacities over wide operating potential windows. Here, three Li2MnO3-based cathode materials with α-NaFeO2 structure were prepared by a facile co-precipitation method and subsequent heat treatment. Among these three materials, 0.3Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2·0.2LiCoO2 shows the best lithium storage capability. This cathode material is composed of uniform nanosized particles with diameters ranging from 100 to 200 nm, and it could be charged to a high cutoff potential to extract more lithium, resulting in a high capacity of 178 mAh g−1 between 2.0 and 4.6 V with almost no capacity loss over 100 cycles.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS}, author={Xue, Leigang and Zhang, Shu and Li, Shuli and Lu, Yao and Toprakci, Ozan and Xia, Xin and Chen, Chen and Hu, Yi and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={560–563} }
 @article{ji_lin_alcoutlabi_toprakci_yao_xu_li_zhang_2012, title={Electrospun carbon nanofibers decorated with various amounts of electrochemically-inert nickel nanoparticles for use as high-performance energy storage materials}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674391/}, DOI={10.1039/c1ra00676b}, abstractNote={Carbon nanofibers decorated with various amounts of electrochemically-inert metallic nickel nanoparticles are synthesized through electrospinning and carbonization processes. The morphology and composition of Ni nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers are controlled by preparing different nanofiber precursors. The lithium-ion battery performance evaluations indicated that the content of electrochemically-inert Ni nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers has a great influence on the final electrochemical performance. For example, at certain Ni contents, these composite nanofibers display excellent electrochemical performance, such as high reversible capacities, good capacity retention, and excellent rate performance, when directly used as binder-free anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. However, when the Ni content is too low or too high, the corresponding electrodes show low reversible capacities although they still have good reversibility and rate performance.}, number={1}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Toprakci, Ozan and Yao, Yingfang and Xu, Guanjie and Li, Shuli and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, pages={192–198} }
 @article{liang_cheng_zhao_zhang_sun_zhou_qiu_zhang_2012, title={High-capacity Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon composite nanofiber cathodes for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={213}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2013.04.019}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.011}, abstractNote={Li2MnSiO4 has been considered as a promising cathode material with an extremely high theoretically capacity of 332 mAh g−1. However, due to its low intrinsic conductivity and poor structural stability, only about half of the theoretical capacity has been realized in practice and the capacity decays rapidly during cycling. To realize the high capacity and improve the cycling performance, Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by the combination of iron doping and electrospinning. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electronic microscope were applied to characterize the Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon nanofibers. It was found that Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4 nanoparticles were embedded into continuous carbon nanofiber matrices, which formed free-standing porous mats that could be used as binder-free cathodes. The iron doping improved the conductivity and purity of the active material, and the carbon nanofiber matrix facilitated ion transfer and charge diffusion. As a result, Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon nanofiber cathodes showed promising improvement on reversible capacity and cycling performance.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Liang, Yinzheng and Cheng, Sichen and Zhao, Jianmeng and Zhang, Changhuan and Sun, Shiyuan and Zhou, Nanting and Qiu, Yiping and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={10–15} }
 @article{alcoutlabi_ji_guo_li_li_zhang_toprakci_zhang_2011, title={Electrospun nanofibers for energy storage}, volume={11}, number={6}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Alcoutlabi, M. and Ji, L. W. and Guo, B. K. and Li, S. L. and Li, Y. and Zhang, S. and Toprakci, O. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2011}, pages={45–51} }
 @article{ji_lin_li_li_liang_toprakci_shi_zhang_2010, title={Formation and characterization of core-sheath nanofibers through electrospinning and surface-initiated polymerization}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1873-2291"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674399/}, DOI={10.1016/j.polymer.2010.07.042}, abstractNote={Novel core-sheath nanofibers, composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) core and polypyrrole (PPy) sheath with clear boundary between them, were fabricated by electrospinning PAN/FeCl3·6H2O bicomponent nanofibers and the subsequent surface-initiated polymerization in a pyrrole-containing solution. By adjusting the concentration of FeCl3·6H2O, the surface morphology of PPy sheath changed from isolated agglomerates or clusters to relatively uniform thin-film structure. Thermal properties of PAN-PPy core-sheath nanofibers were also characterized. Results indicated that the PPy sheath played a role of inhibitor and retarded the complex chemical reactions of PAN during the carbonization process.}, number={19}, journal={POLYMER}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Li, Ying and Li, Shuli and Liang, Yinzheng and Toprakci, Ozan and Shi, Quan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={4368–4374} }