@article{wheatley_shamoun_maggi_breitschwerdt_sommer_cullen_stowe_2023, title={Eosinophilic pericardial effusion and pericarditis in a cat}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2055-1169"]}, DOI={10.1177/20551169231213498}, abstractNote={Case summary A 10-year-old domestic shorthair cat presented for lethargy, anorexia and labored breathing. Significant pleural and pericardial effusions prompted thoracocentesis and pericardiocentesis. Cytologic evaluation of the pericardial effusion revealed a highly cellular hemorrhagic, eosinophilic (12%) effusion, with many markedly atypical suspected mesothelial cells, interpreted as concerning for neoplasia. Thoracoscopic subtotal pericardiectomy and histology of the pericardium revealed predominantly eosinophilic inflammation with multifocal mesothelial hypertrophy and ulceration. A peripheral eosinophilia was not present on serial complete blood counts. Initial infectious disease testing was mostly negative. Toxoplasma gondii titers were most consistent with prior exposure, although reactivation could not be excluded. The owner’s medical history included a prior diagnosis of bartonellosis. Owing to the challenges of definitive Bartonella species exclusion, the cat was treated empirically with pradofloxacin and doxycycline, and a subtotal pericardectomy. There was improvement at first but pleural effusion recurred approximately 3 months after discharge. The cat was euthanized and a necropsy was not performed. Subsequent pericardial effusion Piroplasma/Bartonella/Borrelia droplet digital PCR detected DNA of Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii, and peripheral blood culture and sequencing revealed a rare apicomplexan organism (90% homology with Colpodella species) of unknown clinical significance. Testing for filamentous bacteria and fungal pathogens was not performed. Relevance and novel information This case offers several unique entities – eosinophilic pericardial effusion and eosinophilic pericarditis of unknown etiology – and illustrates the well-known marked atypia that may occur in reactive and hyperplastic mesothelial cells, particularly of infrequently sampled and cytologically described feline pericardial effusion, supporting a cautious interpretation of this cytology finding. }, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY OPEN REPORTS}, author={Wheatley, Meagan Alisa and Shamoun, John and Maggi, Ricardo and Breitschwerdt, Edward B. and Sommer, Samantha L. and Cullen, John M. and Stowe, Devorah Marks}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{lehman_cohen_ozawa_hepps keeney_sommer_2022, title={Imaging Diagnosis: Thoracic radiographic features of toxoplasmosis in a 14-month-old Red Kangaroo (Macropus rufus)}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.13155}, DOI={10.1111/vru.13155}, abstractNote={AbstractA privately owned 14‐month‐old intact female red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) was presented for acute onset respiratory distress and lethargy. On presentation, the kangaroo was laterally recumbent, tachypneic, dyspneic, lethargic, and obtunded. Thoracic radiographs revealed a severe diffuse mixed pulmonary pattern (alveolar pattern superimposed on a bronchial pattern) and subjective mild generalized cardiomegaly. Due to the severity of clinical signs and grave prognosis, euthanasia was elected. Postmortem examination was consistent with systemic toxoplasmosis. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry staining on infected tissues confirmed Toxoplasma gondii. This is the first published report of radiographic findings for confirmed toxoplasmosis in a red kangaroo or marsupial.}, number={6}, journal={Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound}, author={Lehman, K. and Cohen, E. and Ozawa, S. and Hepps Keeney, C. and Sommer, S.}, year={2022}, month={Nov}, pages={E26–E30} }
 @article{tucker_archibald_cohen_sommer_keene_minter_delk_2021, title={What Is Your Diagnosis?}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1938-2871"]}, DOI={10.1647/21-00060}, abstractNote={A captive 38-year-old female Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) presented with an approximately 4-day history of being listless and moving slowly behind the flock. The flamingo had been housed at the North Carolina Zoo (Asheboro, NC, USA) for the previous 28 years. This bird’s medical history included mild intermittent lameness associated with pododermatitis and a cloacal papilloma diagnosed via biopsy 9 years earlier. The flamingo habitat at the North Carolina Zoo covers approximately 12.23 15.2 m with a 3.2 3 5.6-m indoor holding area. The mixed sex (9:8 ratio) flock of 17 flamingoes are fed a diet consisting of Mazuri Flamingo Complete pellets (Mazuri Exotic Animal Nutrition, St Louis, MO, USA). On presentation, the flamingo weighed 1.85 kg (historical weight 2–2.4 kg), with a body condition score (BCS) of 1.5/5. Tachycardia was auscultated and later confirmed by electrocardiogram (ECG) to be a ventricular tachycardia of approximately 400 beats per minute (Fig 1). Complete blood count revealed a monocytosis (31%; reference range, 0.0%–7.8%) with a total white blood cell count of 22 610 cells/lL (reference range, 2900– 20 000 cells/lL). An echocardiogram (SonoSite M-Turbo, Bothell, WA, USA) performed with a C11X (8–5-MHz transducer) semilinear probe revealed severe dilation of the left ventricle and decreased cardiac systolic function (fractional shortening 18.3% compared with 81.5% in an ageand sex-matched clinically normal flamingo) (Fig 2A through D). Comparison ECG and echocardiographic findings were obtained on a sex-matched 32-year-old female Chilean flamingo from the same flock. This apparently healthy younger bird had a heart rate of 200 beats per minute with sinus rhythm, more robust systolic left ventricular function, and no cardiac chamber dilation. Further diagnostic imaging and medical management of the cardiac abnormalities were discussed.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Tucker, Samuel and Archibald, Kate and Cohen, Eli B. and Sommer, Samantha and Keene, Bruce W. and Minter, Larry J. and Delk, Katie W.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={486–493} }
 @article{mones_schreeg_sommer_linder_lewbart_2021, title={Surgical management and histopathology of wen overgrowth and neoplasia in four oranda goldfish (Carassius auratus)}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2052-6121"]}, DOI={10.1002/vrc2.27}, abstractNote={AbstractThe wen is a cap of gelatinous soft tissue that extends over the head and face of many varieties of fancy goldfish (Carassius auratus). Here, we describe the surgical management and histopathology of four fish with proliferative wen lesions. All fish were anesthetized for debulking or biopsy of the affected wen. One fish was diagnosed with wen hyperplasia, one fish was diagnosed with wen hyperplasia with a concurrent spindle cell neoplasm, and two fish were diagnosed with epithelial neoplasms of the wen, including a carcinoma arising within a papilloma and an epidermal papilloma with spindle cell and hyalinized matrix proliferation. This is the first published report of neoplasia in the wen of fancy goldfish. Regular evaluation of the wen during routine physical examinations may allow for biopsy of wen lesions, leading to early diagnosis and treatment interventions.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS}, author={Mones, Alissa and Schreeg, Megan and Sommer, Samantha and Linder, Keith and Lewbart, Gregory}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @article{vlaming_mathews_hash_keenihan_sommer_borst_vaden_2022, title={Creation of a Continent Urinary Bladder Reservoir Vascularized by Omentum as a Possible Surgical Option for Canine Trigonal/Urethral Urothelial Carcinoma}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1521-0553"]}, DOI={10.1080/08941939.2020.1864797}, abstractNote={Abstract Surgical procedures that maintain continence with minimal complication following resection of trigono-urethral urothelial carcinoma (UC) are limited in canines; therefore, palliative options are often pursued. A feasible tumor resection option may improve disease control and survival. The study’s objective was to evaluate a continent urine reservoir created from the urinary bladder body and vascularized solely by omentum. We hypothesized that a viable urine reservoir could be created, and staged omentalization would provide improved vascularity. Nine normal female Beagles were randomized to one of three groups. Group A urinary bladders were transected cranial to the ureteral papillae to create a closed bladder vesicle which was concomitantly omentalized. Group B underwent omentalization two weeks prior to vesicle creation. Based on Group A and B results, Group C underwent neoureterocystostomy and omentalization followed by neoreservoir formation and tube cystostomy 2 weeks later. Serial ultrasounds and histopathology confirmed adequate omental neovascularization in Groups B and C with continent Group C neoreservoirs maintained for 2 months. Some pylectasia and ureteral dilation was documented in all Group C dogs at variable timepoints. Progressive hydroureteronephrosis developed in 2/6 kidneys. Transient azotemia was noted in only 1 Group C dog, although all developed treatable urinary tract infections. The sample size is limited, and the efficacy of this technique in providing disease control for UC is unknown. However, this novel option could allow for primary UC resection while providing continence and limiting complications. Postoperative local or systemic adjuvant therapy, ultrasonographic neoreservoir monitoring, and BRAF analysis would be indicated.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE SURGERY}, author={Vlaming, Annemarieke and Mathews, Kyle G. and Hash, Jonathan A. and Keenihan, Erin K. and Sommer, Samantha and Borst, Luke and Vaden, Shelly L.}, year={2022}, month={Feb}, pages={481–495} }
 @article{sommer_kirejczyk_parkanzky_secrest_howerth_harris_2020, title={Pathology in Practice}, volume={257}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2020.257.11.1137}, number={11}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Sommer, Samantha L. and Kirejczyk, Shannon G. M. and Parkanzky, Max and Secrest, Scott A. and Howerth, Elizabeth W. and Harris, R. Keith}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={1137–1140} }