@article{maity_wu_tracy_clarke_bochinski_2017, title={Nanoscale steady-state temperature gradients within polymer nanocomposites undergoing continuous-wave photothermal heating from gold nanorods}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2040-3372"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000407812000028&KeyUID=WOS:000407812000028}, DOI={10.1039/c7nr04613h}, abstractNote={Anisotropically-shaped metal nanoparticles act as nanoscale heaters <italic>via</italic> excitation of a localized surface plasmon resonance, utilizing a photothermal effect which converts the optical energy into local heat.}, number={32}, journal={NANOSCALE}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Maity, Somsubhra and Wu, Wei-Chen and Tracy, Joseph B. and Clarke, Laura I. and Bochinski, Jason R.}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={11605–11618} }
 @article{viswanath_maity_bochinski_clarke_gorga_2016, title={Enhanced Crystallinity of Polymer Nanofibers without Loss of Nanofibrous Morphology via Heterogeneous Photothermal Annealing}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1520-5835"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01655}, abstractNote={Poly(ethylene oxide) electrospun nanofibers with a low concentration of embedded gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were subjected to postfabrication annealing via photothermal heating from the nanoparticles. The results, including nanofibrous mat morphology, crystallinity fraction as a function of annealing time and modality, and average crystallite size, were compared with that for conventional heating at the same average temperature. Maximum crystallinity is achieved more quickly under photothermal heating, and higher maximum crystallinity values, approaching the theoretical maxima for an entangled polymer (∼80%), are obtained. Photothermal heating better preserves the unique nanostructured morphology of the nanofibrous mat whereas significant fiber thickening and loss of porosity occur under conventional annealing treatment. With photothermal heating, heat may be predominantly applied within amorphous material within the fiber, which provides energy for the amorphous chains to reorient and then possibly crystallize but while preserving existing crystalline regions as well as the temperature-fragile nanofiber surface. This occurs because nanoparticles are spontaneously segregated within amorphous material due to their characteristic size. In the complex environment of a polymeric nanofiber where crystalline, aligned amorphous, and random amorphous material are all present, further spontaneous segregation of the AuNP to the random amorphous material may occur which enables targeting of this higher barrier to crystallization population, leading to very high final crystallinity fractions.}, number={24}, journal={MACROMOLECULES}, author={Viswanath, Vidya and Maity, Somsubhra and Bochinski, Jason R. and Clarke, Laura I. and Gorga, Russell E.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={9484–9492} }
 @article{abbott_maity_burkey_gorga_bochinski_clarke_2014, title={Blending with Non-responsive Polymers to Incorporate Nanoparticles into Shape-Memory Materials and Enable Photothermal Heating: The Effects of Heterogeneous Temperature Distribution}, volume={215}, ISSN={["1521-3935"]}, DOI={10.1002/macp.201400386}, abstractNote={Blending a shape-memory polymer (SMP) (e.g., thermoplastic polyurethane) with an immiscible carrier polymer (e.g., poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)) containing dispersed metal nanoparticles (AuNPs) is a simple approach to enable actuation via photothermal heating. For blends containing up to 90% carrier polymer, the shape-memory capability can be thermally triggered either conventionally or utilizing internal heating via application of light that is resonant with the particle's surface plasmon resonance. When incorporating nanoparticles in this manner, neither chemical modification of the shape-memory moiety nor solvation of the SMP is necessary. Actuation times are determined by the particular heterogeneous temperature distribution, which generally occurs under both conventional and photothermal heating methods, but with different spatial patterns. Blending an SMP with PEO containing AuNPs imposes a higher transition temperature (the melting point of PEO), enabling heat generated within the nanoparticle-containing regions to equilibrate throughout the sample, resulting in performance under photothermal conditions comparable with that achieved in a conventional heating approach. SMP:PVA blends actuate at the SMP transition temperature and the response depends on the size of phase segregation between the PVA and SMP; when decreasing the characteristic size of the segregated regions, heat is efficiently transferred and optimal photothermal performance is observed.}, number={23}, journal={MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS}, author={Abbott, David B. and Maity, Somsubhra and Burkey, Mary T. and Gorga, Russell E. and Bochinski, Jason R. and Clarke, Laura I.}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={2345–2356} }
 @article{maity_wu_xu_tracy_gundogdu_bochinski_clarke_2014, title={Spatial temperature mapping within polymer nanocomposites undergoing ultrafast photothermal heating via gold nanorods}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2040-3372"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000345458200080&KeyUID=WOS:000345458200080}, DOI={10.1039/c4nr05179c}, abstractNote={Polarized fluorescence temperature measurements combined with direct detection of nanorod rotation within the polymer melt regions reveal the steady-state temperature gradient on the nanoscale.}, number={24}, journal={NANOSCALE}, author={Maity, Somsubhra and Wu, Wei-Chen and Xu, Chao and Tracy, Joseph B. and Gundogdu, Kenan and Bochinski, Jason R. and Clarke, Laura I.}, year={2014}, pages={15236–15247} }
 @article{maity_kozek_wu_tracy_bochinski_clarke_2013, title={Anisotropic Thermal Processing of Polymer Nanocomposites via the Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanorods}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1521-4117"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000315360400010&KeyUID=WOS:000315360400010}, DOI={10.1002/ppsc.201200084}, abstractNote={By embedding metal nanoparticles within polymeric materials, selective thermal polymer processing can be accomplished via irradiation with light resonant with the nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance due to the photothermal effect of the nanoparticles which efficiently transforms light into heat. The wavelength and polarization sensitivity of photothermal heating from embedded gold nanorods is used to selectively process a collection of polymeric nanofibers, completely melting those fibers lying along a chosen direction while leaving the remaining material largely unheated and unaffected. Fluorescence-based temperature and viscosity sensing was employed to confirm the presence of heating and melting in selected fibers and its absence in counter-aligned fibers. Such tunable specificity in processing a subset of a sample, while the remainder is unchanged, cannot easily be achieved through conventional heating techniques.}, number={2}, journal={PARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION}, author={Maity, Somsubhra and Kozek, Krystian A. and Wu, Wei-Chen and Tracy, Joseph B. and Bochinski, Jason R. and Clarke, Laura I.}, year={2013}, month={Feb}, pages={193–202} }
 @article{viswanath_maity_bochinski_clarke_gorga_2013, title={Thermal Annealing of Polymer Nanocomposites via Photothermal Heating: Effects on Crystallinity and Spherulite Morphology}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1520-5835"]}, DOI={10.1021/ma401855v}, abstractNote={Metal nanoparticles embedded within polymeric systems can act as localized heat sources, facilitating in situ polymer processing. When irradiated with light resonant with the nanoparticle’s surface plasmon resonance (SPR), a nonequilibrium electron distribution is generated which rapidly transfers energy into the surrounding medium, resulting in a temperature increase in the immediate region around the particle. This work compares the utility of such photothermal heating versus traditional heating in gold nanoparticle/poly(ethylene oxide) nanocomposite films, crystallized from solution and the melt, which are annealed at average sample temperatures above the glass transition and below the melting point. For all temperatures, photothermally annealed samples reached maximum crystallinity and maximum spherulite size faster. Percentage crystallinity change under conventional annealing was analyzed using time–temperature superposition (TTS). Comparison of the TTS data with results from photothermal experiments enabled determination of an “effective dynamic temperature” achieved under photothermal heating which is significantly higher than the average sample temperature. Thus, the heterogeneous temperature distribution created when annealing with the plasmon-mediated photothermal effect represents a unique tool to achieve processing outcomes that are not accessible via traditional annealing.}, number={21}, journal={MACROMOLECULES}, author={Viswanath, Vidya and Maity, Somsubhra and Bochinski, Jason R. and Clarke, Laura I. and Gorga, Russell E.}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={8596–8607} }
 @article{maity_downen_bochinski_clarke_2011, title={Embedded metal nanoparticles as localized heat sources: An alternative processing approach for complex polymeric materials}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1873-2291"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.polymer.2011.01.062}, abstractNote={Metal nanoparticles were utilized as heating elements within nanofibers to demonstrate an alternative approach to thermally process nanostructured polymeric materials. In the photothermal process, resonant light excites the surface plasmon of the nanoparticle and the absorbed energy is converted into heat due to electron-phonon collisions. This heating is efficient and strongly localized, generated from the nanometer-sized metal particles embedded within the polymer. Composite polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibers, containing differing concentrations and types of nanoparticles, were fabricated by electrospinning and irradiated by a low intensity laser tuned specifically to the metal nanoparticle surface plasmon absorbance; aggregation of fibers, loss of fibrous structure, and ultimately, complete melting were observed. The photothermal response to irradiation increased with nanoparticle concentration as long as particle aggregation was avoided. Pure PEO nanofibers, or those containing metal nanoparticles possessing a non-resonant surface plasmon, were also irradiated but no melting occurred, demonstrating the controllable specificity of this approach.}, number={7}, journal={POLYMER}, author={Maity, Somsubhra and Downen, Lori N. and Bochinski, Jason R. and Clarke, Laura I.}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={1674–1685} }