@article{wang_guo_liu_shu_han_ding_mukherjee_zhang_yip_yi_et al._2024, title={The role of interfacial donor-acceptor percolation in efficient and stable all-polymer solar cells}, volume={15}, ISSN={["2041-1723"]}, DOI={10.1038/s41467-024-45455-0}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={NATURE COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Wang, Zhen and Guo, Yu and Liu, Xianzhao and Shu, Wenchao and Han, Guangchao and Ding, Kan and Mukherjee, Subhrangsu and Zhang, Nan and Yip, Hin-Lap and Yi, Yuanping and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{mukherjee_gann_nahid_mcafee_herzing_delongchamp_ade_2021, title={Orientational Ordering within Semiconducting Polymer Fibrils}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1616-3028"]}, DOI={10.1002/adfm.202102522}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={28}, journal={ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}, author={Mukherjee, Subhrangsu and Gann, Eliot and Nahid, Masrur Morshed and McAfee, Terry and Herzing, Andrew A. and DeLongchamp, Dean M. and Ade, Harald}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{ye_zhao_li_mukherjee_carpenter_awartani_jiao_hou_ade_2017, title={High-Efficiency Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells: Critical Factors that Affect Complex Multi-Length Scale Morphology and Device Performance}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1614-6840"]}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/5290907/}, DOI={10.1002/aenm.201602000}, abstractNote={Organic solar cells (OSCs) made of donor/acceptor bulk‐heterojunction active layers have been of widespread interest in converting sunlight to electricity. Characterizing of the complex morphology at multiple length scales of polymer:nonfullerene small molecular acceptor (SMA) systems remains largely unexplored. Through detailed characterizations (hard/soft X‐ray scattering) of the record‐efficiency polymer:SMA system with a close analog, quantitative morphological parameters are related to the device performance parameters and fundamental morphology–performance relationships that explain why additive use and thermal annealing are needed for optimized performance are established. A linear correlation between the average purity variations at small length scale (≈10 nm) and photovoltaic device characteristics across all processing protocols is observed in ≈12%‐efficiency polymer:SMA systems. In addition, molecular interactions as reflected by the estimated Flory–Huggins interaction parameters are used to provide context of the room temperature morphology results. Comparison with results from annealed devices suggests that the two SMA systems compared show upper and lower critical solution temperature behavior, respectively. The in‐depth understanding of the complex multilength scale nonfullerene OSC morphology may guide the device optimization and new materials development and indicates that thermodynamic properties of materials systems should be studied in more detail to aid in designing optimized protocols efficiently.}, number={7}, journal={ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS}, author={Ye, Long and Zhao, Wenchao and Li, Sunsun and Mukherjee, Subhrangsu and Carpenter, Joshua H. and Awartani, Omar and Jiao, Xuechen and Hou, Jianhui and Ade, Harald}, year={2017}, month={Apr} }
 @article{mukherjee_jiao_ade_2016, title={Charge Creation and Recombination in Multi-Length Scale Polymer:Fullerene BHJ Solar Cell Morphologies}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1614-6840"]}, DOI={10.1002/aenm.201600699}, abstractNote={While the extremes in organic photovoltaic bulk heterojunction morphology (finely mixed or large pure domains) are easily understood and known to be unfavorable, efficient devices often exhibit a complex multi‐length scale, multi‐phase morphology. The impact of such multiple length scales and their respective purities and volume fractions on device performance remains unclear. Here, the average spatial composition variations, i.e., volume‐average purities, are quantified at multiple size scales to elucidate their effect on charge creation and recombination in a complex, multi‐length scale polymer:fullerene system (PBDTTPD:PC71BM). The apparent domain size as observed in TEM is not a causative parameter. Instead, a linear relationship is found between average purity at length scales <50 nm and device fill‐factor. Our findings show that a high volume fraction of pure phases at the smallest length scales is required in multi‐length scale systems to aid charge creation and diminish recombination in polymer:fullerene solar cells.}, number={18}, journal={ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS}, author={Mukherjee, Subhrangsu and Jiao, Xuechen and Ade, Harald}, year={2016}, month={Sep} }
 @article{li_ye_zhao_zhang_mukherjee_ade_hou_2016, title={Energy-Level Modulation of Small-Molecule Electron Acceptors to Achieve over 12% Efficiency in Polymer Solar Cells}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1521-4095"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=MEDLINE&KeyUT=MEDLINE:27606970&KeyUID=MEDLINE:27606970}, DOI={10.1002/adma.201602776}, abstractNote={Fine energy-level modulations of small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) are realized via subtle chemical modifications on strong electron-withdrawing end-groups. The two new SMAs (IT-M and IT-DM) end-capped by methyl-modified dicycanovinylindan-1-one exhibit upshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels, and hence higher open-circuit voltages can be observed in the corresponding devices. Finally, a top power conversion efficiency of 12.05% is achieved.}, number={42}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS}, author={Li, Sunsun and Ye, Long and Zhao, Wenchao and Zhang, Shaoqing and Mukherjee, Subhrangsu and Ade, Harald and Hou, Jianhui}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={9423-+} }
 @article{ro_downing_engmann_herzing_delongchamp_richter_mukherjee_ade_abdelsamie_jagadamma_et al._2016, title={Morphology changes upon scaling a high-efficiency, solution-processed solar cell}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1754-5706"]}, DOI={10.1039/c6ee01623e}, abstractNote={Optimized spin-coating and blade-coating are found to produce similar performance yet notably different morphologies.}, number={9}, journal={ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE}, author={Ro, Hyun Wook and Downing, Jonathan M. and Engmann, Sebastian and Herzing, Andrew A. and DeLongchamp, Dean M. and Richter, Lee J. and Mukherjee, Subhrangsu and Ade, Harald and Abdelsamie, Maged and Jagadamma, Lethy K. and et al.}, year={2016}, pages={2835–2846} }
 @article{gann_collins_tang_tumbleston_mukherjee_ade_2016, title={Origins of polarization-dependent anisotropic X-ray scattering from organic thin films}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1600-5775"]}, DOI={10.1107/s1600577515019074}, abstractNote={Organic thin films that have no overall in-plane directional ordering often nonetheless produce anisotropic scattering patterns that rotate with the polarization of incident resonant X-rays. Isotropic symmetry is broken by local correlations between molecular orientation and domain structure. Such examples of molecular alignment at domain interfaces and within the bulk of domains, which are both critical to fields such as organic electronics, are simulated and compared with experimental scattering. Anisotropic scattering patterns are found to allow unambiguous identification of the mechanism of local molecular orientation correlations and, as such, promise to be both distinct and complementary to isotropic scattering intensity as a general measure of thin film microstructure.}, journal={JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION}, author={Gann, Eliot and Collins, Brian A. and Tang, Maolong and Tumbleston, John R. and Mukherjee, Subrangsu and Ade, Harald}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={219–227} }
 @article{capelli_mahne_koshmak_giglia_doyle_mukherjee_nannarone_pasquali_2016, title={Quantitative resonant soft x-ray reflectivity of ultrathin anisotropic organic layers: Simulation and experiment of PTCDA on Au}, volume={145}, ISSN={["1089-7690"]}, DOI={10.1063/1.4956452}, abstractNote={Resonant soft X-ray reflectivity at the carbon K edge, with linearly polarized light, was used to derive quantitative information of film morphology, molecular arrangement, and electronic orbital anisotropies of an ultrathin 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) film on Au(111). The experimental spectra were simulated by computing the propagation of the electromagnetic field in a trilayer system (vacuum/PTCDA/Au), where the organic film was treated as an anisotropic medium. Optical constants were derived from the calculated (through density functional theory) absorption cross sections of the single molecule along the three principal molecular axes. These were used to construct the dielectric tensor of the film, assuming the molecules to be lying flat with respect to the substrate and with a herringbone arrangement parallel to the substrate plane. Resonant soft X-ray reflectivity proved to be extremely sensitive to film thickness, down to the single molecular layer. The best agreement between simulation and experiment was found for a film of 1.6 nm, with flat laying configuration of the molecules. The high sensitivity to experimental geometries in terms of beam incidence and light polarization was also clarified through simulations. The optical anisotropies of the organic film were experimentally determined and through the comparison with calculations, it was possible to relate them to the orbital symmetry of the empty electronic states.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS}, author={Capelli, R. and Mahne, N. and Koshmak, K. and Giglia, A. and Doyle, B. P. and Mukherjee, S. and Nannarone, S. and Pasquali, L.}, year={2016}, month={Jul} }
 @article{mukherjee_proctor_tumbleston_bazan_nguyen_ade_2015, title={Importance of Domain Purity and Molecular Packing in Efficient Solution-Processed Small-Molecule Solar Cells}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1521-4095"]}, DOI={10.1002/adma.201404388}, abstractNote={Connections are delineated between solar-cell performance, charge-carrier mobilities, and morphology in a highperformance molecular solar cell. The observations show that maximizing the relative phase purity and structural order while simultaneously limiting the domain size may be essential for achieving optimal solar-cell performances in solution-processed small-molecule solar cells .}, number={6}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS}, author={Mukherjee, Subhrangsu and Proctor, Christopher M. and Tumbleston, John R. and Bazan, Guillermo C. and Nguyen, Thuc-Quyen and Ade, Harald}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={1105–1111} }
 @article{mukherjee_proctor_bazan_nguyen_ade_2015, title={Significance of average domain purity and mixed domains on the photovoltaic performance of high-efficiency solution-processed small-molecule bhj solar cells}, volume={5}, DOI={10.1002/aenm.201570111}, abstractNote={In article 1500877, Thuc-Quyen Nguyen, Harald Ade, and co-workers demonstrate the connection between device performance and morphological parameters in organic photovoltaics. The results demonstrate the complex correlation between domain purity, size, and molecular ordering, and highlight the requirement of achieving sufficient average phase purity of donor and acceptor domains to diminish charge recombination losses in solution-processed small-molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells.}, number={21}, journal={Advanced Energy Materials}, author={Mukherjee, S. and Proctor, C. M. and Bazan, G. C. and Nguyen, T. Q. and Ade, Harald}, year={2015} }
 @article{zhao_li_zhang_zhang_lai_jiang_mu_li_chan_hunt_et al._2015, title={The influence of spacer units on molecular properties and solar cell performance of non-fullerene acceptors}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2050-7496"]}, DOI={10.1039/c5ta05339k}, abstractNote={The position of methyl groups causes a dramatic change in molecular properties and solar cell performance.}, number={40}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A}, author={Zhao, Jingbo and Li, Yunke and Zhang, Jianquan and Zhang, Lu and Lai, Joshua Yuk Lin and Jiang, Kui and Mu, Cheng and Li, Zhengke and Chan, Chun Lam Clement and Hunt, Adrian and et al.}, year={2015}, pages={20108–20112} }
 @article{huang_wen_mukherjee_ade_kramer_bazan_2014, title={High-Molecular-Weight Insulating Polymers Can Improve the Performance of Molecular Solar Cells}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1521-4095"]}, DOI={10.1002/adma.201400497}, abstractNote={The addition of small quantities of polystyrene (PS) is a simple and economically viable process that improves the power conversion efficiency of one of the most efficient small molecule donors. Addition of PS increases the solution viscosity, thereby providing thicker layers, and allows the formation of a desirable bulk heterojunction morphology. Moreover, the PS spontaneously accumulates as phase separated domains, away from the electrodes, so as not to interfere with charge extraction.}, number={24}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS}, author={Huang, Ye and Wen, Wen and Mukherjee, Subhrangsu and Ade, Harald and Kramer, Edward J. and Bazan, Guillermo C.}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={4168–4172} }
 @article{he_mukherjee_watkins_chen_qin_thomsen_ade_mcneill_2014, title={Influence of Fluorination and Molecular Weight on the Morphology and Performance of PTB7:PC71BM Solar Cells}, volume={118}, ISSN={["1932-7447"]}, DOI={10.1021/jp501222w}, abstractNote={The device performance and microstructure of a series of PTB7-based polymers with varied molecular weight and degree of fluorination are investigated. Although the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital is found to increase with degree of fluorination, a strong relative molecular weight dependence of device performance dominates any underlying fluorination-dependent trend on overall performance. Microstructural investigation using a combination of X-ray techniques reveals a striking effect of polymer molecular characteristics on film morphology, with the size of PC71BM domains systematically decreasing with increasing polymer molecular weight. Furthermore, the relative purity of the mixed PTB7:PC71BM domain is found to systematically decrease with increasing molecular weight. When domain sizes with and without the use of the solvent additive diiodooctane (DIO) are compared, the effectiveness of DIO in reducing PC71BM domain sizes is also found to be strongly dependent on the molecular weig...}, number={19}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C}, author={He, Xiaoxi and Mukherjee, Subhrangsu and Watkins, Scott and Chen, Ming and Qin, Tianshi and Thomsen, Lars and Ade, Harald and McNeill, Christopher R.}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={9918–9929} }
 @article{love_collins_nagao_mukherjee_ade_bazan_nguyen_2014, title={Interplay of Solvent Additive Concentration and Active Layer Thickness on the Performance of Small Molecule Solar Cells}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1521-4095"]}, DOI={10.1002/adma.201402403}, abstractNote={A relationship between solvent additive concentration and active layer thickness in small-molecule solar cells is investigated. Specifically, the additive concentration must scale with the amount of semiconductor material and not as absolute concentration in solution. Devices with a wide range of active layers with thickness up to 200 nm can readily achieve efficiencies close to 6% when the right concentration of additive is used.}, number={43}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS}, author={Love, John A. and Collins, Samuel D. and Nagao, Ikuhiro and Mukherjee, Subhrangsu and Ade, Harald and Bazan, Guillermo C. and Nguyen, Thuc-Quyen}, year={2014}, month={Nov}, pages={7308–7316} }