@article{smutko_klimek_perrin_danielson_2002, title={Involving watershed stakeholders: An issue attribute approach to determine willingness and need}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1752-1688"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb05540.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT: The development of effective solutions for addressing nonpoint source pollution on a watershed basis often involves watershed stakeholders. However, success in engaging stakeholders in collaborative decision making processes varies, as watershed managers are faced with the challenges inherent to finding the right process for the decisions needed and in successfully engaging stakeholders in that process. Two characteristics that may provide guidance for determining the appropriateness of applying a collaborative process to a watershed problem are the need to collaborate and the willingness of stakeholders to engage in a collaborative decision making process. By examining seven attributes of the issues confronted by stakeholders in a collaborative process, the consequences of these attributes on the need for collaboration and stakeholders' willingness to engage can be estimated. The issue attributes include: level of uncertainty, balance of information, risk, time horizon of effects, urgency of decision, distribution of effects, and clarity of problem. The issue attribute model was applied to two collaborative decision making processes conducted by the same watershed stakeholder group in a North Carolina coastal watershed. Need and willingness to engage did not coincide for either issue; that is, stakeholders were more willing to engage on the issue that required less need for their involvement.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION}, author={Smutko, LS and Klimek, SH and Perrin, CA and Danielson, LE}, year={2002}, month={Aug}, pages={995–1006} }
 @article{bohnsack_ditton_stoll_chen_novak_smutko_2002, title={The economic impacts of the recreational bluefin tuna fishery in Hatteras, North Carolina}, volume={22}, ISSN={["0275-5947"]}, DOI={10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0165:TEIOTR>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Little is known about a recreational fishery for bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus that emerged in the winter months (1994–1996) near Hatteras, North Carolina. Our research sought to better understand this developing fishery, especially the extent of local and statewide economic impacts and the resultant implications for public and private fisheries management decision making at the local level. We used a quota-based sampling approach to collect names and addresses from charter and private boat anglers in Hatteras; 1,051 anglers were sampled and received a mail questionnaire soon after project personnel intercepted them. Technicians recorded a total of 1,390 bluefin tuna boat trips (1,020 charter boat trips and 370 private boat trips) between January 15 and March 22, 1997. These 1,390 trips resulted in an estimated 6,546 angler-days of bluefin tuna fishing from Hatteras. Trips by North Carolina residents accounted for only 15.6% of the total number of trips. Each angler spent an average of US$1,005 in...}, number={1}, journal={NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT}, author={Bohnsack, BL and Ditton, RB and Stoll, JR and Chen, RJ and Novak, R and Smutko, LS}, year={2002}, month={Feb}, pages={165–176} }