@article{nassar_singh_2020, title={Embodying the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competency Movement: Voices From the Field}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1556-6676"]}, DOI={10.1002/jcad.12320}, abstractNote={This article illustrates counselors’ embodiment, over time, of the multicultural and social justice counseling competency movement leading to the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (Ratts, Singh, Nassar‐McMillan, Butler, & McCullough, 2015). The authors discuss the multicultural and social justice counseling competency movement in the context of relationships as appropriate to the counseling field. Aligned with contemporary research perspectives, the authors focus on the lived experiences of 2 pioneering social justice and multicultural competency advocates, Drs. Patricia Arredondo and Derald Wing Sue. The authors integrate scholarship with these historical and personal perspectives, as well as their own, to demonstrate the ways in which people and movements drive counseling leadership and advocacy.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT}, author={Nassar, Sylvia C. and Singh, Anneliese A.}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={253–260} }
 @article{singh_nassar_2020, title={Introduction to the Special Issue}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1556-6676"]}, DOI={10.1002/jcad.12318}, abstractNote={The authors introduce the special issue of the Journal of Counseling & Development on “Integrating the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies Into Practice, Research, and Advocacy.” They first discuss the rationale and importance of the special issue, as well as the transformative opportunities that the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC; Ratts, Singh, Nassar‐McMillan, Butler, & McCullough, 2015) have to influence counseling and the broader helping professions. Then they provide an overview the special issue articles and their respective contributions. They conclude by explicating the challenges and opportunities in integrating and implementing the MSJCC into counseling practice, research, and advocacy.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT}, author={Singh, Anneliese A. and Nassar, Sylvia C.}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={235–237} }
 @inbook{hakim-larson_nassar_paterson_2020, place={Thousand Oaks, CA}, edition={3rd}, title={Middle Eastern/North African (MENA) Ancestry}, booktitle={Culturally Alert Counseling: A Comprehensive Introduction}, publisher={Sage}, author={Hakim-Larson, J. and Nassar, S.C. and Paterson, A.D.}, editor={McAuliffe, G.Editor}, year={2020} }
 @article{leibowitz-nelson_baker_nassar_2020, title={Multicultural and social justice counseling competencies: institutional interventions for professional school counselors}, volume={7}, ISSN={2326-716X 2326-7178}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2326716X.2020.1727384}, DOI={10.1080/2326716X.2020.1727384}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Embedded within the new Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC) are counseling and advocacy interventions at various socioecological levels. School counselors are uniquely positioned to provide such interventions at the institutional level. We integrate the MSJCC with other models relevant to school counselors and provide examples and recommendations for how school counselors can initiate and carry out these seven institutional counseling and advocacy interventions.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Counselor Leadership and Advocacy}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Leibowitz-Nelson, Stephanie B. and Baker, Stanley B. and Nassar, Sylvia C.}, year={2020}, month={Jan}, pages={42–54} }
 @article{singh_nassar_arredondo_toporek_2020, title={The Past Guides the Future: Implementing the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1556-6676"]}, DOI={10.1002/jcad.12319}, abstractNote={The authors describe the ways in which the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC; Ratts, Singh, Nassar‐McMillan, Butler, & McCullough, 2015) can be viewed from a human rights framework and as the latest iteration in the long history of the multicultural and social justice counseling competency movement. MSJCC implementation and integration are explored, and recommendations for innovating the MSJCC are described.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT}, author={Singh, Anneliese A. and Nassar, Sylvia C. and Arredondo, Patricia and Toporek, Rebecca}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={238–252} }
 @article{nassar_al-qimlass_ozdemir_2019, title={A tripartite model of program evaluation: implications for effective career services and workforce development}, volume={20}, ISSN={0251-2513 1573-1782}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10775-019-09410-6}, DOI={10.1007/s10775-019-09410-6}, number={2}, journal={International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Nassar, Sylvia C. and Al-Qimlass, Aisha and Ozdemir, Nurten Karacan}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={411–427} }
 @article{nassar_al-qimlass_karacan-ozdemir_tovar_2019, title={Considerations for career intervention services in global youth workforce development: consensus across policy, research, and practice}, volume={11}, ISSN={1877-6345}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40461-019-0080-4}, DOI={10.1186/s40461-019-0080-4}, abstractNote={As yet, despite ongoing gaps in educational and career achievement, earning potential, and other psychosocial risks that perpetuate marginalization among certain populations globally, elements of effective career education and interventions have yet to be agreed upon. Thus, we sought consensus among experts across the domains of policy, research, and practice. We detail the process and results of a recent Delphi study conducted with global youth career and workforce development experts across policy, research, and practice domains who were surveyed about their opinions regarding concepts such as ecological perspectives, needs assessment, trainer preparation, participant curriculum, curriculum delivery, and program evaluation—the six emergent areas of a recent comprehensive synthesis of the literature across these domains (Nassar and Al-Qimlass, in Career builders: key components for effective global youth career and workforce development. RTI Press, Research Triangle Park, 2017a). Our Delphi study yielded 199 consensus statements, subsequently organized into 28 themes, or considerations, for effective global workforce development initiatives. In conclusion, we provide implications, including implementation strategies for key stakeholder groups.}, number={1}, journal={Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Nassar, Sylvia and Al-Qimlass, Aisha and Karacan-Ozdemir, Nurten and Tovar, Lynn Z.}, year={2019}, month={Feb} }
 @article{karacan-ozdemir_nassar_karabay_ayaz_2019, title={Program evaluation of career development services in five Turkish schools: A preliminary study}, volume={25}, number={2}, journal={Journal for Perspectives of Economic, Political and Social Integration}, author={Karacan-Ozdemir, N. and Nassar, S. and Karabay, E. and Ayaz, A.}, year={2019}, pages={25–40} }
 @article{ashraf_nassar_2018, title={American Muslims and vicarious trauma: An explanatory concurrent mixed-methods study.}, volume={88}, ISSN={1939-0025 0002-9432}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ORT0000354}, DOI={10.1037/ORT0000354}, abstractNote={This explanatory concurrent mixed-methods study aimed to explore vicarious trauma (VT) among American Muslims; whether they are experiencing it, what factors may be contributing, and how they are experiencing VT. VT and religious identity were the main variables of interest for the quantitative data; qualitative questions provided greater insight into participants’ personal experiences. Religious identity and ethnicity were found to be significant in the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) model and collectively explained 21% of the variance in VT scores. Phenomenological qualitative analysis of the qualitative responses revealed 9 themes, including humanity (being seen as less than human) and exposure (to trauma material). This study suggests that American Muslims are experiencing VT; in combination with qualitative responses, important policy changes can be recommended: policies addressing hate crimes should be strengthened, individuals in key professions need to be trained in Islam and Muslims, and further media guidelines and training must be conducted.}, number={5}, journal={American Journal of Orthopsychiatry}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Ashraf, Anjabeen and Nassar, Sylvia}, year={2018}, pages={516–528} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_al-qimlass_gonzalez_2018, place={Boston, MA}, edition={3rd}, title={Individuals and families of Arab descent}, booktitle={Developing Multicultural Counseling Competence: A Systems Approach}, publisher={Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S. and Al-Qimlass, C. and Gonzalez, L.M.}, editor={Hays, D. and Erford, B.Editors}, year={2018} }
 @book{tovar_nassar_2018, place={Alexandria, VA}, title={Orientation to Professional Counseling: Instructors Manual}, publisher={American Counseling Association}, author={Tovar, L.Z. and Nassar, S.}, year={2018} }
 @book{nassar_niles_2018, place={Alexandria, VA}, title={Orientation to Professional Counseling: Past, Present, and Future Trends}, publisher={American Counseling Association}, year={2018} }
 @book{nassar_al-qimlass_2017, title={Career Builders: Key Components for Effective Global Youth Career and Workforce Development}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0045.1709}, DOI={10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0045.1709}, abstractNote={Global youth unemployment is a significant cause of poverty, resulting in the persistent marginalization of populations. Education and career counseling professionals and professionals in policy, research, and practice concur that the consequences of global youth unemployment are dire. But leaders in these domains have not yet come to an agreement on the best ways to face this global challenge. Our analysis of interdisciplinary literature on global youth unemployment is a first step in identifying and formalizing best practices for culturally appropriate career and workforce development worldwide. This research will support education and career counseling professionals in developing appropriate career and psychosocial support interventions, establishing empirical intervention efficacy and other program evaluation protocols, and creating a capacity-building infrastructure for knowledge-sharing across policy, research, and practitioner stakeholder groups. We also include a proposal for next steps to establish rigorous empirical support for these future initiatives.}, institution={RTI Press}, author={Nassar, Sylvia C. and Al-Qimlass, Aisha}, year={2017}, month={Sep} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_taylor_conley_2017, title={Promising Career and Workforce Development Programs and Services in Middle and High School Settings}, ISBN={9781315714769}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315714769-8}, DOI={10.4324/9781315714769-8}, booktitle={The Handbook of Career and Workforce Development}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Taylor, Julia and Conley, Abigail Holland}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={147–162} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_nour_al-qimlass_2016, place={New York}, title={Counseling: Settings, clinical considerations, and cultural competence}, booktitle={Handbook of Arab American psychology}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Nour, M. and Al-Qimlass, M.I.}, editor={Amer, M.M. and Awwad, G.H.Editors}, year={2016}, pages={289–302} }
 @article{ratts_singh_nassar-mcmillan_butler_mccullough_2016, title={Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies: Guidelines for the Counseling Profession}, volume={44}, ISSN={0883-8534}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmcd.12035}, DOI={10.1002/jmcd.12035}, abstractNote={In 2014, the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD) appointed a committee to revise the Multicultural Counseling Competencies developed by Sue, Arredondo, and McDavis in  and operationalized by Arredondo et al. in . This article reflects the updated competencies, titled the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC; Ratts, Singh, Nassar‐McMillan, Butler, & McCullough, ), which were endorsed by AMCD on June 29, 2015, and by the American Counseling Association on July 20, 2015. A conceptual framework of the MSJCC visually depicts the relationships among the competencies' key constructs: multicultural and social justice praxis, quadrants, domains, and competencies. Implications are discussed.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Ratts, Manivong J. and Singh, Anneliese A. and Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia and Butler, S. Kent and McCullough, Julian Rafferty}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={28–48} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_akcan aydin_taylor_ozyurek_2015, place={Ankara, Turkey}, edition={3rd}, title={Effective Career Development Policy and Practice: Implications for a Global Workforce}, booktitle={Gelisen psikolojik danisma ve rehberlik : mesleklesme sürecindeki ilerlemeler}, publisher={Nobel Akademik Yayincilik}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Akcan Aydin, P. and Taylor, J. and Ozyurek, R.}, editor={Korkut-Owen, F. and Owen, D.W.Editors}, year={2015} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_moore_warfield_mayes_2015, title={Global Diversity Issues in Counseling}, ISBN={9781119222736 9781556203169}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119222736.ch2}, DOI={10.1002/9781119222736.ch2}, abstractNote={As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, counselors must learn how to work across, through, and beyond cultural and continental differences (McFadden & Moore, 2002). McFadden (1999) suggested that 'confusion and shifts in political, social, and economic problems that have never been greater than at this time present themselves in every aspect of our lives' (p. xviii). It is reasonable to believe that individuals throughout the world are likely to need assistance from professionals such as mental health counselors. The general consensus among counseling professionals who are consistently being exposed to diverse cultures is that there is a need to learn how to create a caring counseling environment that 'transcends cultural, ethnic, racial, and national boundaries' (McFadden, 1999, p. xvi).}, booktitle={Counseling Around the World}, publisher={American Counseling Association}, author={Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Moore, James L., III and Warfield, Heather A. and Mayes, Renae D.}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={9–18} }
 @inbook{conley_nassar-mcmillan_ashraf_2015, place={Alexandria, VA}, title={Islamic Identity: Case Response}, booktitle={Critical incidents in integrating spirituality into counseling}, publisher={American Counseling Association}, author={Conley, A.H. and Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Ashraf, A.}, editor={Robert, T. and Kelly, V.Editors}, year={2015}, pages={197–204} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_2014, title={A framework for cultural competence, advocacy, and social justice: Applications for global multiculturalism and diversity}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1573-1782"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10775-014-9265-3}, number={1}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE}, author={Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={103–118} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_rezcallah_nour_2014, place={Hauppage, NY}, title={Arab American youth: Overcoming adversity}, booktitle={Youth and adversity : psychology and influences of child and adolescent resilience and coping}, publisher={Nova Science Publishers}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Rezcallah, A. and Nour, M.}, editor={Garrett, M.T.Editor}, year={2014}, pages={133–145} }
 @book{biopsychosocial perspectives on arab americans: culture, development, and health_2014, publisher={New York: Springer}, year={2014} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_hakim-larson_2014, place={Hoboken, NJ}, title={Clinical applications with individuals of Middle Eastern and Northern African descent}, booktitle={Case studies in multicultural counseling and therapy}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S. and Hakim-Larson, C.}, editor={Sue, D.W. and Gallardo, M.E. and Neville, H.Editors}, year={2014}, pages={61–74} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_gonzalez_mohamed_2014, place={Boston, MA}, edition={2nd}, title={Individuals and families of Arab descent}, booktitle={Developing multicultural counseling competence: a systems approach}, publisher={Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Gonzalez, L.M. and Mohamed, R.H.}, editor={Hays, D. and Erford, B.Editors}, year={2014}, pages={245–277} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_tovar_conley_2014, place={Broken Arrow, OK}, edition={2nd}, title={Namadi: The case of the misunderstood Muslim}, booktitle={The career counseling casebook : a resource for students, practitioners, and counselor educators}, publisher={NCDA}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Tovar, L.Z. and Conley, A.H.}, editor={Niles, S.G. and Goodman, J. and Pope, M.Editors}, year={2014}, pages={294–299} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_ajrouch_hakim-larson_2013, title={Biopsychosocial Perspectives on Arab Americans: An Introduction}, ISBN={9781461482376 9781461482383}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8238-3_1}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4614-8238-3_1}, booktitle={Biopsychosocial Perspectives on Arab Americans}, publisher={Springer US}, author={Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Ajrouch, Kristine J. and Hakim-Larson, Julie}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={1–9} }
 @inbook{amri_nassar-mcmillan_meisenhimer_bryan_2013, place={Alexandria, VA}, edition={4th}, title={Counseling Arab Americans}, booktitle={Multicultural issues in counseling: New approaches to diversity}, publisher={American Counseling Association}, author={Amri, S.A. and Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Meisenhimer, M. and Bryan, S.A.}, editor={Lee, C.C.Editor}, year={2013}, pages={87–104} }
 @book{hakim-larson_nassar-mcmillan_paterson_2013, place={Thousand Oaks, CA}, edition={2nd}, title={Culturally alert counseling with Middle Eastern Americans}, journal={Culturally alert counseling: A comprehensive introduction.}, publisher={Sage}, author={Hakim-Larson, J. and Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Paterson, Ashley D.}, editor={McAuliffe, G.Editor}, year={2013}, pages={263–292} }
 @article{conley_nassar-mcmillan_tovar_2013, title={Hardhats, boots, and goggles revisited: STEM career development for the 21st century}, volume={29}, number={2}, journal={Career Planning and Adult Development Journal}, author={Conley, A.H. and Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Tovar, L.Z.}, year={2013}, pages={81–92} }
 @inbook{hakim-larson_nassar-mcmillan_ajrouch_2013, title={Health and Well-Being in Arab Americans: Prevention Strategies Using a Biopsychosocial Approach}, ISBN={9781461482376 9781461482383}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8238-3_18}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4614-8238-3_18}, booktitle={Biopsychosocial Perspectives on Arab Americans}, publisher={Springer US}, author={Hakim-Larson, Julie and Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Ajrouch, Kristine J.}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={387–401} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_zagzebski-tovar_2012, title={Career Counseling with Americans of Arab descent}, volume={28}, number={1}, journal={Career Planning and Adult Development Journal}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Zagzebski-Tovar, L.}, year={2012}, pages={72–87} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_vuorinen_2012, title={Public policy and career development: An international symposium discussion}, volume={60}, number={5}, journal={Career Development Quarterly}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Vuorinen, R.}, editor={Trusty, J. and Rossier, J.Editors}, year={2012}, pages={1–11} }
 @book{nassar-mcmillan_2011, place={Belmont, CA}, title={Counseling & Diversity: counseling Arab Americans}, publisher={Brooks-Cole/Cengage}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, year={2011} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_lee_2011, place={Belmont, CA}, title={Counseling with diverse clients}, booktitle={Developing your identity as a professional counselor: Standards, settings, and specialties}, publisher={Brooks-Cole/Cengage}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Lee, S.}, editor={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Niles, S.G.Editors}, year={2011}, pages={108–129} }
 @article{chapman_baker_nassar-mcmillan_gerler_2011, title={Cybersupervision: Further Examination of Synchronous and Asynchronous Modalities in Counseling Practicum Supervision}, volume={50}, ISSN={0011-0035}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2011.tb01917.x}, DOI={10.1002/j.1556-6978.2011.tb01917.x}, abstractNote={The authors used an intensive single-subject quantitative design to examine cybersupervision of counseling practicum students in a university setting. Five female supervisees volunteered to receive their required weekly supervision online during a 14-week, semester-long counseling practicum. Following a face-to-face orientation meeting, all remaining interactions among the supervisees and with the supervisor occurred electronically. Data were collected about the utility of the synchronous and asynchronous modalities, changes in supervisee competence and confidence during the practicum, and supervisee attitudes about the cybersupervision approach. The findings offered evidence that the web-based modality could be used in similar settings.}, number={5}, journal={Counselor Education and Supervision}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Chapman, Russell A. and Baker, Stanley B. and Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Gerler, Edwin R., Jr.}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={298–313} }
 @book{developing your identity as a professional counselor standards, settings, and specialties_2011, publisher={Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning}, year={2011} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_lambert_hakim-larson_2011, title={Discrimination History, Backlash Fear, and Ethnic Identity Among Arab Americans: Post-9/11 Snapshots}, volume={39}, ISSN={["0883-8534"]}, DOI={10.1002/j.2161-1912.2011.tb00138.x}, abstractNote={The authors examined discrimination history, backlash fear, and ethnic identity of Arab Americans nationally at 3 times, beginning shortly after September 11, 2001. Relations between variables were moderate, and discrimination history and backlash fear were statistically significant predictors of ethnic identity. Implications for acculturation and ethnic identity are discussed.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT}, author={Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Lambert, Richard G. and Hakim-Larson, Julie}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={38–47} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_wyer_oliver-hoyo_schneider_2011, title={New tools for examining undergraduate students' STEM stereotypes: Implications for women and other underrepresented groups}, volume={2011}, ISSN={0271-0579}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ir.411}, DOI={10.1002/ir.411}, abstractNote={The authors describe the scale development process for three new scales designed to measure attitudes and perceptions about scientists and offer implications for how these tools can be used on college campuses and for future research.}, number={152}, journal={New Directions for Institutional Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Wyer, Mary and Oliver-Hoyo, Maria and Schneider, Jennifer}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={87–98} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_conley_2011, title={Programme evaluation toolbox: effective evaluation principles and considerations in career practice}, volume={11}, ISSN={["0251-2513"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10775-011-9206-3}, number={3}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE}, author={Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia and Conley, Abigail Holland}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={211–220} }
 @article{wyer_schneider_nassar-mcmillan_oliver-hoyo_2010, title={Capturing stereotypes: Developing a scale to explore U.S. college students’ images of science and scientists}, volume={2}, number={3}, journal={International journal of Gender, Science and Technology}, author={Wyer, M. and Schneider, J. and Nassar-McMillan, S. and Oliver-Hoyo, M.}, year={2010}, pages={382–415} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_jamil_lambert_2010, title={Chemical, Environmental, and Trauma Exposures and Corresponding Health Symptoms Among Iraqi American Women}, volume={15}, ISSN={1071-2089}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9861.2010.00053.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1751-9861.2010.00053.x}, abstractNote={Central nervous system disorders such as fibromyalgia (FM) and chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome (CFIDS) have been recognized for decades but remain misunderstood by researchers and practitioners, belying clear etiological definition, diagnoses, and treatment. The aftermath of the Gulf War brought with it a phenomenon of symptoms characterizing such dysfunctions. This trend shifted the typical profiles of FM and CFIDS, which in the past included higher prevalence among women, and people increasing with age, to a primarily military-aged, male population. The present study examines, through logistic regression, exposure to chemical and environmental toxins and psychological traumas as risk factors for FM- and CFIDS-related health symptoms. Chemical exposure emerged as a statistically significant risk factor. Implications for research and practice are presented.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Jamil, Hikmet and Lambert, Richard G.}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={88–102} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_gonzalez_mohamed_2010, place={Boston, MA}, title={Individuals and families of Arab descent}, booktitle={Developing multicultural counseling competence : a systems approach}, publisher={Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Gonzalez, L.M. and Mohamed, R.H.}, editor={Hays, D. and Erford, B.Editors}, year={2010}, pages={216–245} }
 @article{jamil_nassar-mcmillan_lambert_wang_ager_arnetz_2010, title={Pre- and post-displacement stressors and time of migration as related to self-rated health among Iraqi immigrants and refugees in Southeast Michigan}, volume={26}, ISSN={1362-3699 1743-9396}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2010.513655}, DOI={10.1080/13623699.2010.513655}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to determine whether perceived health status of Iraqi immigrants and refugees residing in the United States was related to pre-migration environmental stress, current unemployment, and if they had emigrated before or after the 1991 Gulf War. A random sample of Iraqis residing in Southeast Michigan, US, was interviewed using an Arab language structured survey. The main outcome measure was self-rated health (SRH). Major predictors included socioeconomics, employment status, pre-migration environmental stress, and health disorders. Path analysis was used to look at mediating effects between predictors and SRH. We found that SRH was significantly worse among participants that had left Iraq after the 1991 Gulf War. Unemployment and environmental stress exposure were inversely related to SRH. There was a direct path between Gulf War exposure and poor health. In addition, there were indirect paths mediated through psychosomatic and psychiatric disorders to SRH. Another path went from Gulf War exposure, via environmental stress and somatic health to poor health. Unemployment had a direct path, as well as indirect paths mediated through psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, to poor self-rated health. In conclusion, these results suggest that pre- as well as post-migration factors, and period of migration, affect health.}, number={3}, journal={Medicine, Conflict and Survival}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Jamil, Hikmet and Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia and Lambert, Richard and Wang, Yun and Ager, Joel and Arnetz, Bengt}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={207–222} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_wyer_oliver-hoyo_ryder-burge_2010, title={Using Focus Groups in Preliminary Instrument Development: Expected and Unexpected Lessons Learned}, volume={15}, url={https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol15/iss6/19}, number={6}, journal={The Qualitative Report}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Wyer, M. and Oliver-Hoyo, M. and Ryder-Burge, A.}, year={2010}, pages={1621–1634} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_2009, place={Alexandria, VA}, title={Arab Americans, Counseling}, booktitle={The ACA Encyclopedia of Counseling}, publisher={American Counseling Association}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, editor={Erford, B.Editor}, year={2009}, pages={28–30} }
 @article{nassar mcmillan_karvonen_perez_abrams_2009, title={Identity Development and School Climate: The Role of the School Counselor}, volume={48}, ISSN={1931-0293}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1939.2009.tb00078.x}, DOI={10.1002/j.2161-1939.2009.tb00078.x}, abstractNote={The authors examined aspects o/school climate pertaining to issues of diversity at 2 elementary schools, conducting focus groups with students, school personnel, and parents. Findings indicated that degree of parental involvement and interaction regarding issues of diversity affect the school climate. Recommendations for school counselors are presented. ********** There is little doubt that a student's environment affects his or her daily functioning, growth, and development of human potential. Some scholars and practitioners view improving school climate as an important step toward achieving the greater goal of school success for all students. Early researchers of school climate viewed school climate as the personality of the school (Halpin & Croft, 1963). Since that time, climate has been conceptualized in a variety of ways. A supportive school culture is one in which students from diverse backgrounds are welcomed into the school community and are valued for their respective contributions. The ever-increasing complexity of racial/ethnic diversity in the United States creates a corresponding impetus for making culture a top priority item in school systems. Even schools with seemingly more homogeneous populations in terms of race/ethnicity may represent other aspects of diversity, such as religion, sexual orientation, or disability. In addition, students' individual identities may create still other constructs of diversity. In identifying some of the challenges confronting the nation, Ogbu (1994, 1995), a prolific writer in the area of multiculturalism in education, pointed to differences in cultural frames of reference between students and school systems. These frames of reference are already clearly established through a cultural and community cognitive socialization process before a child even enters the school environment. Additionally, he believed that a castelike, systemic discrimination process affects some racial/ethnic groups differentially (Ogbu, 1988). Other scholars have studied systemic school-based discrimination against students of color and its impact on their ongoing identity development (Calabrese & Underwood, 1994). It seems that a true understanding of these cultural differences is necessary if one is to balance the persistent inequalities in the educational system. We believe that school counselors must understand their school's unique climate as perceived by all members of the school community. This understanding is critical if school counselors are to provide a supportive environment for all students to facilitate hope and optimism and, ultimately, positive academic outcomes (Hazler, 2001). In other words, this inquiry into multicultural awareness is based on a fundamental belief in each student's inherent potential to succeed (Paisley & Hays, 2002). In this article, we review relevant extant literature on identity development and school climate, linking them to the role of the school counselor. We then describe a qualitative study, along with the corresponding findings and counseling implications, conducted at an urban, southeastern U.S. school system to examine school climate issues. Study goals were to examine cultural issues present across all respective domains (home, school, and community) and how expectations of school members (students, teachers/counselors, and parents) varied regarding how those issues should be addressed. IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT Erik Erikson's (1950) stages of human, or psychosocial, development are often depicted in linear and sequential fashion. Yet, it is clear that the developmental tasks outlined overlap and are, at some points, reciprocally related. In this developmental model, the stage that arguably requires the greatest transition is that of identity versus role confusion. Successful completion of this stage, from approximately ages 11 through 18 years, moves the individual toward a clear adult identity and away from childhood. …}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Nassar Mcmillan, Sylvia C. and Karvonen, Meagan and Perez, Theresa R. and Abrams, Lyndon P.}, year={2009}, month={Sep}, pages={195–214} }
 @article{baker_grimmett_cannon_ting_nassar-mcmillan_gerler_maxwell_edwards-joseph_2009, title={Preparing Entry-Level Counselors for Collaboration}, volume={48}, ISSN={0011-0035}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2009.tb00081.x}, DOI={10.1002/j.1556-6978.2009.tb00081.x}, abstractNote={Over a period of 5 years, faculty members from the North Carolina State University's Counselor Education Program have integrated a curriculum enhancement to promote collaboration behaviors among program graduates across the master's degree options for training school, college, and community counselors. The School-College-Community Collaboration (SC3) idea was integrated into a 48-credit master's degree curriculum accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. The authors present the rationale for the training program, historical background, program enhancement content, evaluation findings and faculty responses, and future plans for the SC3 enbancement program. Approximately 7 years ago, 33% of the tenure-track faculty members of the Counselor Education Program left North Carolina State University to retire and move elsewhere. The dean challenged the remaining faculty members to present a rationale for the program that would justify replacing the missing faculty members. The dean's challenge provided an opportunity for the remaining faculty members to review the existing program and consider new ideas. The primary product of the effort was to integrate a training program enhancement into the master's-level program that was related to a theme initially identified as school-commun ity collaboration and then changed to School-College-Community Collaboration (SC3). The training program is located in a southeastern Research I land grant university. The university has master's and doctoral programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs in counselor education with entry-level (master's degree) options in school, college, and community counseling. The SC3 thematic training program enhancement was integrated into the three entry-level options. Presented in this article are the rationale for the training program, historical background, program enhancement content, evaluation findings and faculty responses, and future plans for the SC3 enhancement program.}, number={4}, journal={Counselor Education and Supervision}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Baker, Stanley B. and Grimmett, Marc A. and Cannon, Sharon McMillen and Ting, Siu-Man Raymond and Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Gerler, Edwin R., Jr. and Maxwell, Millie and Edwards-Joseph, Arline R. A. C.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={285–296} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_2008, place={Thousand Oaks, CA}, title={Arab Americans}, volume={1}, booktitle={Encyclopedia of counseling}, publisher={Sage}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, editor={Leong, F.T.L.Editor}, year={2008}, pages={985–991} }
 @inbook{hakim-larson_nassar-mcmillan_2008, place={Thousand Oaks, CA}, title={Middle Eastern Americans}, booktitle={Culturally alert counseling: A comprehensive introduction}, publisher={Sage}, author={Hakim-Larson, J. and Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, editor={McAuliffe, G.Editor}, year={2008}, pages={293–322} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_2007, place={New York, NY}, title={Arab American populations}, booktitle={Clinical practice with people of color: A guide to becoming culturally competent}, publisher={Teachers College Press}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, editor={Constantine, M.G.Editor}, year={2007}, pages={85–103} }
 @article{hakim-larson_kamoo_nassar-mcmillan_porcerelli_2007, title={Counseling Arab and Chaldean American Families}, volume={29}, ISSN={1040-2861}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.29.4.u5468716955w1023}, DOI={10.17744/mehc.29.4.u5468716955w1023}, abstractNote={The last century has seen an increase in the population of Americans of Arab and Chaldean descent. In recent decades, clinicians have articulated the goal of enhancing their knowledge of cultural diversity for the purpose of improving their appreciation for diversity and the quality of their mental health interventions with diverse populations. However, there is currently little systematic empirical research regarding the counseling of Arab and Chaldean Americans, although awareness of the need for such research among mental health professionals has started to emerge. The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrative review of the values and socio-cultural forces that are relevant to the counseling of this population in North America, and to provide some culturally sensitive recommendations for working with American families of Arab and Chaldean ethnicity. In particular, we propose that effective interventions with clients of Arab and Chaldean ethnic backgrounds will need to be informed by an underst...}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Mental Health Counseling}, publisher={American Mental Health Counselors Association}, author={Hakim-Larson, Julie and Kamoo, Ray and Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia and Porcerelli, John}, year={2007}, month={Oct}, pages={301–321} }
 @article{jamil_nassar-mcmillan_lambert_hammad_2007, title={Health Assessment of Iraqi Immigrants}, volume={4}, ISSN={1556-2948 1556-2956}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j500v04n04_06}, DOI={10.1300/j500v04n04_06}, abstractNote={Thousands of Iraqis immigrated to the U.S. before the Gulf War for a variety of reasons, predominately economic (Cainkar, 2000). Post-Gulf War (GW) immigration among this group represents a new wave of immigration from the Middle East region (Nassar-McMillan, 2003, Nassar-McMillan, in press). Most post-GW Iraqi immigrants, many of them refugees, suffered a sequence of serious traumas in Iraq, either before, during, or after the Gulf War. In addition, these individuals appear to}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Jamil, Hikmet and Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia and Lambert, Richard G. and Hammad, Adnan}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={69–74} }
 @article{jamil_nassar-mcmillan_lambert_2007, title={Immigration and attendant psychological sequelae: A comparison of three waves of Iraqi immigrants}, volume={77}, ISSN={["1939-0025"]}, DOI={10.1037/0002-9432.77.2.199}, abstractNote={Acculturation, the process by which individuals or groups transition from one or more cultures into another, can be complex and often stressful. In many cases, reason for immigration can contribute, both positively and negatively, to levels of acculturative stress. Immigrants to the United States from Iraq over the past several decades have shifted in terms of prevalence, reason for and ease of immigration, and pre and postmigration trauma among individuals and groups. The authors examined the psychological by-products of acculturative stress by measuring posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression among three distinct waves of immigrants from Iraq. The authors found support for the hypotheses that these variables were positively correlated with recency of immigration. Implications for psychological practitioners are discussed.}, number={2}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY}, author={Jamil, Hikmet and Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Lambert, Richard G.}, year={2007}, month={Apr}, pages={199–205} }
 @article{jamil_nassar-mcmillan_lambert_hammad_2007, title={Medical complaints of Iraqi American people before and after the 1991 Gulf War}, volume={17}, number={S3}, journal={Ethnicity & Disease}, author={Jamil, H. and Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Lambert, R.G. and Hammad, A.}, year={2007}, pages={77–78} }
 @inbook{jackson_nassar-mcmillan_2006, place={Alexandria, VA}, edition={3rd}, title={Counseling Arab Americans}, booktitle={Multicultural issues in counseling: new approaches to diversity}, publisher={American Counseling Association}, author={Jackson, M. and Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, editor={Lee, C.C.Editor}, year={2006}, pages={235–247} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_mcfall-roberts_flowers_garrett_2006, title={Ebony and Ivory: Relationship between African American Young Women's Skin Color and Ratings of Self and Peers}, volume={45}, ISSN={1931-0293}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1939.2006.tb00007.x}, DOI={10.1002/j.2161-1939.2006.tb00007.x}, abstractNote={Many individuals face discrimination because of their skin color; however, skin color of African American young adults has not been studied in detail. This study examines relationships between skin color and perceptions among African American college women. The study yielded a positive correlation between personal values and self-rated skin color and a perception of peers with medium-brown skin as less desirable than their counterparts with either lighter or darker skin. ********** Skin color, the shade of skin with which an individual has been genetically endowed, has proved to be one of the most sensitive facets of life faced by many African Americans (Helms & Cook, 1999; Robinson & Howard-Hamilton, 2000). For example, many of these individuals have faced countless attacks from other African Americans because of differences in skin color. Discrimination based on skin color is firmly rooted in slavery, when the naturally dark pigmented color of African American skin became lightened as a result of miscegenation. Since slavery, African Americans have experienced ostracism, neglect, assault, and slander perpetuated by European Americans as well as by other African Americans on the basis of skin color. As a result, many African Americans have longed for the lighter complexion that has continually been rewarded in American society. This phenomenon, however, has been mediated by racial identity development as an important factor in self-perception. In addition, this trend is not exclusive to adults, because African American adolescents display this same affinity for lighter skin (Anderson & Cromwell, 1977; Robinson & Ward, 1995). Little research has been completed on skin color and African American young adults (McKenry, Everett, Ramseur, & Carter, 1989; Robinson & Ward, 1995). Furthermore, little is known about their self-perception of skin color and its relation to their perception of peers with similar or contrasting skin colors; what is known is grounded in several studies. For example, in one study of African American adolescents, Robinson and Ward found that students who rated themselves as darker or lighter had lower levels of satisfaction with their skin color than did students who considered themselves to fall between the light and dark categories. The preference to not be at either end of the skin color continuum is a resounding reality (Bates, 1994), yet if given a choice, preference veers toward the lighter end of the continuum (Bond & Cash, 1992; Hall, 1995; Harvey, 1995; Robinson & Ward, 1995). Although research has shown that both sexes express the preference for lighter skin, women are perceived to be rated more favorably when their skin is lighter (Bond & Cash, 1992; Robinson & Ward, 1995). Given this propensity toward lightness, the dark-complexioned African American woman may be faced with a reality she cannot alter (Perkins, 1996; Wade, 1996). She is left to ponder only what could be, unable to seek out what is. With little research conducted about African American teenagers on this topic, the question of how skin color influences the determination of beauty and female identity is a difficult one to answer. Boyd (1993) spoke to the "if only" (p. 41) dance that women play. Women ask themselves how different things could be "if only" and fill in the blank with sometimes impossible hopes and dreams. The consistent message sent to African American girls and women has been that they are more beautiful if their skin is lighter. This evokes the question of how many African American young women have danced this same dance, asking themselves how different life could be if only they were lighter or, for some, if they were darker. Do African American young women still buy into the belief that they are not fine just as they are? Do African American young women curse their skin color, wishing they were endowed with a different shade? Such questions are addressed in our study, in which we examine the interplay of individuals' skin color and their perceptions of themselves and their peers representing varying shades of brown. …}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia and McFall-Roberts, Ebuni and Flowers, Claudia and Garrett, Michael T.}, year={2006}, month={Mar}, pages={79–94} }
 @article{jamil_nassar-mcmillan_salman_tahar_jamil_2006, title={Iraqi Gulf War Veteran Refugees in the U.S.: PTSD and Physical Symptoms}, volume={43}, ISSN={["0098-1389"]}, DOI={10.1300/J010v43n04_06}, abstractNote={Abstract Veterans of the Gulf War present various symptoms and maladies. Reports by governmental and private entities have yielded mixed results and have been fraught with criticisms of biased research design. The vast majority of these studies have focused on U.S. veterans, with a much smaller number focusing upon British veterans. Very few have examined Iraqi Gulf War veterans. Our study involves administering a health issues questionnaire to a sample of Iraqi Gulf War veteran refugees in the U.S. Results indicate relationships between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) scores and health outcome measures of chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, functional status, quality of life, and health care utilization in terms of frequency and level of intensity. Implications for further inquiry are presented.}, number={4}, journal={Social Work in Health Care}, author={Jamil, H. and Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Salman, W.A. and Tahar, M. and Jamil, L. H.}, year={2006}, pages={85–98} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_karvonen_young_2006, place={Greenwich, CT}, title={Multicultural competencies and teacher stress: Implications for teacher preparation, practice, and retention}, booktitle={Understanding teacher stress in an age of accountability}, publisher={Information Age}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Karvonen, M. and Young, C.}, editor={Lambert, R.G. and McCarthy, C.J.Editors}, year={2006}, pages={87–104} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_mcfall-roberts_govan_2006, title={Skin color: Influences on female African American adolescents’ self-image}, journal={International Journal of Arts and Sciences}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and McFall-Roberts, E.J. and Govan, S.}, year={2006}, pages={26–29} }
 @article{patterson_jackson_nassar-mcmillan_2006, title={Talking with the late “Pat” Patterson: Selections from two interviews}, volume={13}, number={1-2}, journal={The Person-Centered Journal}, author={Patterson, C.H. and Jackson, M.L. and Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, year={2006}, pages={94–109} }
 @book{ng._abrams_nassar-mcmillan_2005, place={Tulsa, OK}, title={Rank the job: A values clarification exercise on occupational prestige}, volume={2}, journal={Experiential activities for teaching career counseling classes and facilitating career groups}, publisher={National Career Development Association}, author={Ng., K. and Abrams, L. and Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, editor={Minor, C. and Pope, M.Editors}, year={2005}, pages={46–48} }
 @article{brewington_nassar-mcmillan_flowers_furr_2004, title={A Preliminary Investigation of Factors Associated With Job Loss Grief}, volume={53}, ISSN={["2161-0045"]}, DOI={10.1002/j.2161-0045.2004.tb00657.x}, abstractNote={This study investigated relationships among factors hypothesized as related to job loss grief. A summary grief score correlated positively with time since job loss and number of dependents, and negatively with length of notice. Perceived reemployment prospects and income loss related positively to some grief index subscales, as did the condition of living on one's own. Job duration correlated negatively with some grief responses. Implications for counseling and avenues for future research are discussed.}, number={1}, journal={Career Development Quarterly}, author={Brewington, J.O. and Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Flowers, C. and Furr, S.R.}, year={2004}, pages={78–83} }
 @article{jamil_nassar-mcmillan_lambert_2004, title={The Aftermath of the Gulf War: Mental Health Issues Among Iraqi Gulf War Veteran Refugees in the United States}, volume={26}, ISSN={1040-2861}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.26.4.u3hm3er6hebtej4c}, DOI={10.17744/mehc.26.4.u3hm3er6hebtej4c}, abstractNote={Iraqi Gulf War (GW) veteran refugees, or those who fled the Hussein regime and were subsequently granted refugee stated by the United States, are at high risk for the same mental health maladies that afflict U.S. GW veterans. We conducted a pilot survey on a group of Iraqi GW veteran refugees to assess levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, panic, and anxiety. We hypothesized that significantly more participants with PTSD would report depression, panic, and anxiety symptoms than their non-PTSD counterparts. We further expected that those with PTSD would report significantly higher mean scores on depression, panic, and anxiety than those participants not identified as having PTSD. Results indicated high levels of each of the symptom categories among the PTSD groups. PTSD sufferers conjointly assessed with significantly elevated levels of depression and panic as compared to their non-PTSD counterparts.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Mental Health Counseling}, publisher={American Mental Health Counselors Association}, author={Jamil, Hikmet and Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Lambert, Richard}, year={2004}, month={Oct}, pages={295–308} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_2003, place={New York, NY}, edition={4th}, title={Counseling Arab Americans}, booktitle={Counseling multicultural and diverse populations}, publisher={Brunner-Routledge}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, editor={Vacc, N.A. and DeVaney, S.B. and Brendel, J.M.Editors}, year={2003}, pages={117–139} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_2003, place={Denver, Co}, title={Counseling Arab Americans: Counselors’ call for advocacy and social justice}, volume={35}, number={5}, journal={Counseling and Human Development}, publisher={Love Publishing}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, year={2003}, month={Jan}, pages={1–12} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_hakim-larson_2003, title={Counseling Considerations Among Arab Americans}, volume={81}, ISSN={0748-9633}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2003.tb00236.x}, DOI={10.1002/j.1556-6678.2003.tb00236.x}, abstractNote={In keeping with our pluralistic society, counselors have begun the task of attempting to understand issues of multicultural diversity. The purpose of this article is to describe a focus group interview conducted with a group of therapists in a large-scale, comprehensive family service agency in an Arab American community. Participants represented various countries of origin, helping disciplines, and years of U.S. residence. The interview format was semistructured, and the results confirmed what little was already known about the population and supplemented that body of knowledge with updated information. Implications for counseling and further research are discussed.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Counseling & Development}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Hakim-Larson, Julie}, year={2003}, month={Apr}, pages={150–159} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_2003, place={New York, NY}, title={Mary Thomas Burke}, booktitle={Leaders and legacies: Contributions to the profession of counseling}, publisher={Brunner-Routledge}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, editor={Bubenzer, D.L. and Osborn, C. and West, J.D.Editors}, year={2003}, pages={143–150} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_lambert_2003, title={The Relationship between volunteers’ work behaviors and background and preparation variables.}, volume={10}, ISSN={1068-0667}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1022487831429}, DOI={10.1023/a:1022487831429}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Adult Development}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Lambert, Richard}, year={2003}, pages={89–97} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_borders_2002, title={Use of focus groups in survey item development}, volume={7}, url={https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1987&context=tqr}, number={1}, journal={The Qualitative Report}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Borders, L.D.}, year={2002} }
 @article{ewing_nassar-mcmillan_lambert_furr_2001, title={Career indecision and program effectiveness: Using the career decision profile to evaluate service Outcome}, journal={Student Affairs Journal Online}, author={Ewing, M.J. and Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Lambert, R. and Furr, S.R.}, year={2001} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_2001, title={Celebrating 50 Years of Service: A Conversation With Mary Thomas Burke}, volume={79}, ISSN={0748-9633}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2001.tb01997.x}, DOI={10.1002/j.1556-6676.2001.tb01997.x}, abstractNote={I had met Mary Thomas only briefly before I came to the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNC Charlotte) to interview for a position in the counseling program, a program she coordinated. I knew from other professionals about her exceptional reputation and was intrigued by the prospect of working with such a recognized "pillar" of counselor education. However, it did not take long after my relocation to Charlotte to realize why Mary Thomas was so highly esteemed by colleagues as well as members of surrounding communities. There are very few community organizations in Charlotte with which she is not involved. In fact, she was the founder of many of these organizations. She has shared her professional wisdom through her teachings and in her countless publications and presentations within local, state, national, and international arenas. Mary Thomas Burke has resided in Charlotte, North Carolina for over 50 years. During that time, she has served as a teacher, a school counselor, an academic dean and, at UNC Charlotte, as a professor, a chairperson, and a program coordinator. During the past 30 years, she has spoken to countless audiences on values, relationships, youth, women's issues, bereavement, AIDS, and ethics. Her publications reflect the wholeness of her journey, because they focus on the topic of spirituality, a topic that marks both the earliest and most recent of her professional presentations. She is the author and coauthor of many books (e.g., Burke & Chauvin, 1996; Burke & Miranti, 1992a, 1996; Burke, Miranti, & Chauvin, in press), chapters (e.g., Burke & Miranti, 1992b, 1998, 2001), and journal articles (e.g., Burke et al., 1999; Burke & Miller, 1995, 1996; Burke & Miranti, in press; Miller, Burke, Johnson, & Wilson, 2000) on spirituality. She has shared her visionary leadership at the state level for the past 30 years, and in the past 10 years has served as chairperson of the board of directors of the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP); as member of the board of directors of the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC); and as president of the Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVIC). In the fall of 1999, I was invited to attend a reception honoring Mary Thomas, who was to receive the Francis J. Beatty Humanitarian Award presented by Catholic Social Services. I learned during the reception that this was but one of many such awards that Mary Thomas has received. The next spring I attended another reception held to celebrate Mary Thomas Burke's Jubilee--a commemoration and celebration of 50 years of service as a Sister of Mercy. Guests in attendance represented not only local friends, relatives, and colleagues, but others from across the country as well as from Ireland who came to participate in her celebration. If her life could be summarized in a brief comment it would be that she sought to help others. Her interest in helping others is reflected in her teaching activities and many community involvements. Her community work serves as a good example of living what she believes. This community work involves helping others in the areas of cancer, substance abuse, homelessness, AIDS, and battered women's issues, among a multitude of others. In the following interview, she discussed this motivation to help, along with the influences and turning points that occurred throughout her life, and she ends with suggestions for those who choose a similar path of service. SERVICE AS A SPIRITUAL PATH Sylvia Nassar-McMillan (SN-M): Let me just preface this by saying that you have really been an inspiration to me in the 3 years I have observed you, not just in terms of your spirituality, but specifically in terms of the service you provide in and around the Charlotte community. I wonder if and how your spirituality relates to your service. I would like to start with the earlier years. …}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Counseling & Development}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C.}, year={2001}, month={Oct}, pages={497–504} }
 @article{gowan_nassar-mcmillan_2001, title={Examination of individual differences in participation in outplacement program activities after a job loss}, volume={38}, DOI={10.1002/j.2161-1920.2001.tb00500.x}, abstractNote={This study investigated the relationship among age, gender, and race relative to participation in self-awareness, action-oriented, and training activities after a job loss. The 156 respondents in this study were part of a larger, longitudinal study that collected data using questionnaires from outplacement program participants at 6 months and at 1 year following a company closing. Main effects were found for gender and for Age × Employment status. Implications of the study for outplacement programs, along with study limitations and future research directions, are discussed.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Employment Counseling}, author={Gowan, M.A. and Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, year={2001}, pages={185–196} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_algozzine_2001, place={Boston, MA}, title={Improving outcomes and future practices: family-centered programs and services}, booktitle={Families and teachers of individuals with disabilities : collaborative orientations and responsive practices}, publisher={Allyn and Bacon}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Algozzine, B.}, editor={O'Shea, D.J. and O'Shea, L.J. and Algozzine, B. and Hammite, D.J.Editors}, year={2001}, pages={273–292} }
 @article{brewington_nassar-mcmillan_2000, title={Older Adults: Work-Related Issues and Implications for Counseling}, volume={49}, ISSN={0889-4019}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2000.tb00747.x}, DOI={10.1002/j.2161-0045.2000.tb00747.x}, abstractNote={In a period of business downsizing, older workers are at risk for unemployment. They often have difficulty finding suitable replacement jobs and frequently face emotional and financial distress. Employers, as well as older workers, may have perceptions and concerns that can create barriers to reemployment. Older workers are a valuable asset in the labor market. Their plight affects society as a whole. Counselors should be aware of work related issues of older workers, career theories and supporting research pertaining to this unique population, and suitable interventions with which to help older adults make smooth career and life transitions.}, number={1}, journal={The Career Development Quarterly}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Brewington, Janice O. and Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia}, year={2000}, month={Sep}, pages={2–15} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_1999, title={The Life of a Legacy Bearer: Biographical Interview with C.H Patterson}, number={ED 435879}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, year={1999} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_borders_1998, title={A Work Behavior Analysis of Volunteers in Social Service Agencies}, volume={24}, ISSN={0148-8376 1540-7314}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j079v24n03_02}, DOI={10.1300/j079v24n03_02}, abstractNote={The Volunteer Work Behavior Questionnaire was developed and administered to volunteers in social service programs represented by hospice, crisis, and family service agencies in an effort to identify work behaviors of volunteers. Frequency, importance, and combined item scores were factor analyzed separately to determine major dimensions of work behaviors. Analyses of variance were used to test for differences in factor “subscale scores” and type of agency, followed by Tukey's Studentized Range tests as appropriate. Results suggested a consistent factor structure of work behaviors. Volunteer work behaviors were characterized by three factors of (a) issue-specific interactions, (b) structured and administrative tasks, and (c) communication-specific interactions.}, number={3-4}, journal={Journal of Social Service Research}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Borders, L. DiAnne}, year={1998}, month={Aug}, pages={39–66} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_cashwell_1997, title={Building Self-Esteem of Children and Adolescents Through Adventure-Based Counseling}, volume={36}, ISSN={0735-6846}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-4683.1997.tb00373.x}, DOI={10.1002/j.2164-4683.1997.tb00373.x}, abstractNote={Fostering self-esteem in adolescents is a common goal of community and school counselors, particularly counselors who work with at-risk populations and issues. Adventure-based Counseling (ABC) activities can enhance self-esteem through both prevention and intervention efforts for children and adolescents.}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Humanistic Education and Development}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Nassar-McMillan, Sylvia C. and Cashwell, Craig S.}, year={1997}, month={Dec}, pages={59–67} }
 @article{cashwell_nassar-mcmillan_1997, title={Family functioning and peer relationships: Influences on adolescent drug use}, volume={4}, number={1}, journal={Journal of At-Risk Issues}, author={Cashwell, C.S. and Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, year={1997}, pages={30–35} }
 @inbook{nassar-mcmillan_1996, place={Greensboro, NC}, title={Case and field study research methods}, booktitle={Research in counseling and therapy}, publisher={Educational Resources Information Center/Clearinghouse on Counseling and Student Services (ERIC/CASS)}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, editor={Loesch, L.C. and Vacc, N.A.Editors}, year={1996}, pages={73–75} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_tomlinson_1995, title={Cable tutoring on campus}, volume={13}, number={1}, journal={Talking Stick: The News Magazine of the Association of College and University Housing Officers International}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C. and Tomlinson, R.}, year={1995}, pages={9} }
 @article{nassar-mcmillan_1995, title={Post-traumatic nightmare. A personal experience}, volume={17}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Mental Health Counseling}, author={Nassar-McMillan, S.C.}, year={1995}, pages={451–455} }
 @article{nassar_collins-eaglin_1994, title={Issues of intimacy: Profile of a peer counseling program}, volume={3}, number={6}, journal={Journal of College Student Development}, author={Nassar, S.C. and Collins-Eaglin, J.}, year={1994}, pages={492–493} }
 @inproceedings{nassar_1993, place={Greensboro, NC}, title={Adventure-based counseling: An alternative therapeutic approach to working with rape survivors}, number={ED 362795}, booktitle={Southeast Sport and Exercise Psychology Symposium}, author={Nassar, S.C.}, year={1993} }