@article{hamon_youngsteadt_irwin_sorenson_2024, title={As prey and pollinators, insects increase reproduction and allow for outcrossing in the carnivorous plant <i>Dionaea muscipula}, ISSN={0002-9122 1537-2197}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16279}, DOI={10.1002/ajb2.16279}, abstractNote={PREMISE
Understanding the factors that limit reproductive success is a key component of plant biology. Carnivorous plants rely on insects as both nutrient sources and pollinators, providing a unique system for studying the effects of both resource and pollen limitation on plant reproduction.


METHODS
We conducted a field experiment using wild-growing Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis (Droseraceae) in which we manipulated prey and pollen in a factorial design and measured flower production, number of fruits, and number of seeds. Because understanding reproduction requires knowledge of a plant species' reproductive and pollination biology, we also examined the pollination system, per-visit pollinator effectiveness, and pollen-ovule (P/O) ratio of D. muscipula.


RESULTS
Plants that received supplemental prey produced more flowers than control plants. They also had a higher overall fitness estimate (number of flowers × fruit set (total fruits/total flowers) × seeds per fruit), although this benefit was significant only when prey supplementation occurred in the previous growing season. Neither pollen supplementation nor the interaction between pollen and prey supplementation significantly affected overall plant fitness.


CONCLUSIONS
This study reinforces the reliance of D. muscipula on adequate prey capture for flower, fruit, and seed production and a mobile pollen vector for reproduction, indicating the importance of considering insects as part of an effective conservation management plan for this species.}, journal={American Journal of Botany}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Hamon, Laura E. and Youngsteadt, Elsa and Irwin, Rebecca E. and Sorenson, Clyde E.}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{malinski_sorenson_moore_willett_kingsolver_2023, title={Host species differences in the thermal mismatch of host-parasitoid interactions}, volume={226}, ISSN={["1477-9145"]}, DOI={10.1242/jeb.245702}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Extreme high temperatures associated with climate change can affect species directly, and indirectly through temperature-mediated species interactions. In most host–parasitoid systems, parasitization inevitably kills the host, but differences in heat tolerance between host and parasitoid, and between different hosts, may alter their interactions. Here, we explored the effects of extreme high temperatures on the ecological outcomes – including, in some rare cases, escape from the developmental disruption of parasitism – of the parasitoid wasp, Cotesia congregata, and two co-occurring congeneric larval hosts, Manduca sexta and M. quinquemaculata. Both host species had higher thermal tolerance than C. congregata, resulting in a thermal mismatch characterized by parasitoid (but not host) mortality under extreme high temperatures. Despite parasitoid death at high temperatures, hosts typically remain developmentally disrupted from parasitism. However, high temperatures resulted in a partial developmental recovery from parasitism (reaching the wandering stage at the end of host larval development) in some host individuals, with a significantly higher frequency of this partial developmental recovery in M. quinquemaculata than in M. sexta. Hosts species also differed in their growth and development in the absence of parasitoids, with M. quinquemaculata developing faster and larger at high temperatures relative to M. sexta. Our results demonstrate that co-occurring congeneric species, despite shared environments and phylogenetic histories, can vary in their responses to temperature, parasitism and their interaction, resulting in altered ecological outcomes.}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY}, author={Malinski, Katherine H. and Sorenson, Clyde E. and Moore, M. Elizabeth and Willett, Christopher S. and Kingsolver, Joel G.}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{nelson_burrack_sorenson_2020, title={Arthropod carrion influences plant choice, oviposition, and cannibalism by a specialist predator on a sticky plant}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1365-2311"]}, DOI={10.1111/een.12787}, abstractNote={1. Dead arthropods, entrapped by trichomes on plant surfaces, are an underappreciated form of plant‐provided food. Specialist predatory arthropods able to manoeuvre on plants covered in trichomes facultatively scavenge on the alternative food resource, increasing their abundance and reducing plant damage by herbivores.}, number={2}, journal={ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Nelson, Peter N. and Burrack, Hannah J. and Sorenson, Clyde E.}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={182–189} }
 @article{boggs_moorman_hazel_greenberg_sorger_sorenson_2020, title={Ground-Dwelling Invertebrate Abundance Positively Related to Volume of Logging Residues in the Southern Appalachians, USA}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1999-4907"]}, DOI={10.3390/f11111149}, abstractNote={Invertebrates, especially those dependent on woody debris for a portion of their life cycle, may be greatly impacted by the amount of downed wood retained following timber harvests. To document relationships between invertebrates and logging residues, we sampled invertebrates with pitfall traps placed near or far from woody debris in 10 recently (2013–2015) harvested sites in western North Carolina with varying levels of woody debris retention. We measured the groundcover and microclimate at each trap and estimated site-level woody debris volume. We modeled predictors (e.g., site-level woody debris volume, percent woody debris cover at the trap site, site type) of captures of spiders (Araneae), harvestmen (Opiliones), centipedes/millipedes (Chilopoda/Diplopoda), ground beetles (Carabidae), rove beetles (Staphylinidae), other beetles, ants (Formicidae), grasshoppers (Acrididae/Tetrigidae), crickets (Gryllidae), and cave crickets (Rhaphidophoridae). In addition, we modeled ant occurrence at a finer taxonomic resolution, including red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren) and 13 other genera/species. Forest type, whether hardwood or white pine (Pinus strobus L.) overstory preharvest, was a predictor of invertebrate response for 21 of 24 taxonomic analyses. Invertebrate captures or the occurrence probability of ants increased with increasing site-level woody debris volume for 13 of the 24 taxa examined and increased with increasing coarse woody debris (CWD; diameter ≥ 10 cm) cover at the trap level for seven of 24 taxa examined. Our results indicate that woody debris in harvested sites is important for the conservation of a majority of the taxa we studied, which is likely because of the unique microclimate offered near/under woody debris. Stand-scale factors typically were more important predictors of invertebrate response than trap-level cover of woody debris. We recommend implementing sustainability strategies (e.g., Biomass Harvesting Guidelines) to retain woody debris scattered across harvested sites to aid in the conservation of invertebrates.}, number={11}, journal={FORESTS}, author={Boggs, April D. and Moorman, Christopher E. and Hazel, Dennis W. and Greenberg, Cathryn H. and Sorger, D. Magdalena and Sorenson, Clyde E.}, year={2020}, month={Nov} }
 @article{moylett_youngsteadt_sorenson_2020, title={The Impact of Prescribed Burning on Native Bee Communities (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Longleaf Pine Savannas in the North Carolina Sandhills}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/nvz156}, abstractNote={Abstract Prescribed burning is a common silvicultural practice used in the management of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill., Pinales: Pinaceae) savannas to reduce hardwood encroachment and ground cover and to maintain biodiversity. We investigated the response of the native bee community (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in the Sandhills of North Carolina to prescribed burning on a 3-yr rotation over two consecutive years (2012 and 2013). We deployed bee bowl traps in sites that had been burned the year of sampling, 1 yr before, 2 yr before, and in unburned controls. In total, 2,276 bees of 109 species were captured. Bee abundance declined with time since fire, with 2.3 times more bees captured in the most recently burned sites than in unburned controls. Bee diversity also declined with time since fire, with 2.1 times more species captured in the most recently burned sites than in controls. Bee community composition also responded to fire; we present evidence that this response was mediated in part by the effect of fire on the amount of bare ground and canopy cover. Bees nesting aboveground were unaffected by fire, contrary to our expectation that fire would destroy the wood and stems in which these species nest. Our results indicate that prescribed burning is a silvicultural practice consistent with pollinator conservation in longleaf pine ecosystems of the North Carolina sandhills.}, number={1}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Moylett, Heather and Youngsteadt, Elsa and Sorenson, Clyde}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={211–219} }
 @article{nelson_burrack_sorenson_2019, title={Arthropod entrapment increases specialist predators on a sticky crop and reduces damage}, volume={137}, ISSN={["1090-2112"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.104021}, abstractNote={Maximizing plant defensive strategies is integral to effective integrated pest management. Direct defenses, in the form of chemical and morphological components that inhibit pest damage, underlie host plant resistance, while indirect defenses including food provisioning and semiochemical production, improve biological control. Interactions between the two defensive strategies may be disruptive, complementary, or synergistic and are an important consideration for effective pest management programs. Glandular trichomes are plant structures that inhibit or entrap arthropods, protecting plants against herbivores, potentially at the cost of reducing natural enemy efficacy. Glandular trichomes may also contribute to indirect defense, as predatory arthropods adapted to “sticky” surfaces scavenge on entrapped arthropods. Scavenging increases predator abundance and reduces plant damage; this protective mutualism has been demonstrated with multiple sticky wild flowers but has not been assessed in an economically important plant, such as tobacco. We augmented dead arthropods (carrion) on tobacco plants grown under conditions similar to commercial production and assessed tri-trophic interactions. Carrion augmentation increased predator abundance, reduced damage to reproductive structures, and increased leaf yield, but did not reduce pest densities. We determined that systemic insecticide use did not affect carrion entrapment on tobacco plants. Review of the literature revealed that a variety of economically important plants entrap arthropods on their surfaces, indicating this mutualism has potential for development into a conservation biological control tactic.}, journal={BIOLOGICAL CONTROL}, author={Nelson, Peter N. and Burrack, Hannah J. and Sorenson, Clyde E.}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
 @article{braswell_reisig_sorenson_collins_2019, title={Development and Dispersal of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Non-Bt and Bt Pyramided Cotton}, volume={48}, ISSN={0046-225X 1938-2936}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz006}, DOI={10.1093/ee/nvz006}, abstractNote={Abstract Bollworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) can cause economic losses in both non-Bt and Bt cotton. Larvae modify their behavior in the presence of Bt by moving away from terminals faster in Bt cotton compared to non-Bt cotton and avoiding Bt-treated diets. Our objectives were to understand differences in bollworm egg and larvae populations within, and dispersal away from, non-Bt and Bt pyramided-toxin cotton. We conducted small plot experiments in 2016 and 2017 to monitor on-plant egg and larval numbers, and off-plant dispersal of larvae, from non-Bt and different Bt toxin pyramided cotton. Bollworm adults preferred to oviposit in most Bt toxin pyramids compared to non-Bt; this was likely unrelated to detection of Bt by adults, but rather density-dependent aversion from high larval populations. First instar numbers were similar in all non-Bt/Bt toxin pyramids and dispersed at a similar rate. Second through fifth instar numbers were higher in non-Bt than Bt toxin pyramids but dispersed equally from all non-Bt/Bt toxin pyramids, regardless of Bt pyramid type. Development times of larvae were often slower in Bt toxin pyramids compared to non-Bt. Fifth instars were found in, and dispersing from, Bt toxin pyramids containing Vip3A, raising concerns of resistance development. Furthermore, differences in oviposition rate among non-Bt/Bt toxin pyramids and slowed development rate of larvae on Bt varieties could create inconsistencies in generation times emerging from Bt and non-Bt hosts, which could contribute to resistance development.}, number={2}, journal={Environmental Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Braswell, Lewis R and Reisig, Dominic D and Sorenson, Clyde E and Collins, Guy D}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={465–477} }
 @article{youngsteadt_lopez-uribe_sorenson_2019, title={Ecology in the Sixth Mass Extinction: Detecting and Understanding Rare Biotic Interactions}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1938-2901"]}, DOI={10.1093/aesa/saz007}, abstractNote={The Earth is experiencing a wave of anthropogenic biodiversity loss, such that current rates of extinction are 100–1,000 times the background rate observed between prior mass extinctions in the fossil record (Barnosky et al. 2011, Pimm et al. 2014). These losses place Earth’s biota in the early stages of an extinction event comparable to those precipitated only five times before in the past 540 million years (Barnosky et al. 2011, Ceballos et al. 2015). Among plants—the foundation of terrestrial food webs—an estimated 20% of all species are currently threatened with extinction (Brummitt et al. 2015). Among invertebrates, conservation status has been reviewed for only about 1% of described species, and of those, some 40% are threatened (Dirzo et al. 2014). Regional surveys regularly detect striking losses in insect biomass and population size over recent decades (e.g., Fox 2013, Hallmann et al. 2017, Lister and Garcia 2018). Loss of species richness, population size, and biomass are striking, but they do not capture the full impact of biotic change. Each species participates in a web of interactions, such as predation, parasitism, and mutualism, that underpin ecosystem functions (Tylianakis et al. 2008). These interactions are expected to disappear before the species themselves (McConkey and Drake 2006, Valiente-Banuet et al. 2015), precipitating changes in ecosystem function and extinction of other species that depend on the interactions (Säterberg et al. 2013, Risch et al. 2018). In this context, the study of rare biotic interactions is becoming more widespread and more urgent; however, challenges abound in detecting such interactions and interpreting their ecological relevance. These challenges were the focus of a Plant-Insect Ecosystems Section Symposium convened at the 2017 annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America in Denver, CO. Among the symposium’s 16 presenters, 6 contributed papers to this collection, providing a cross section of the dimensions of rarity with which ecologists must grapple.}, number={3}, journal={ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA}, author={Youngsteadt, Elsa and Lopez-Uribe, Margarita M. and Sorenson, Clyde E.}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={119–121} }
 @article{youngsteadt_sorenson_2019, title={Failure of Pollen Transport Despite High Bee Visitation in an Endangered Dioecious Shrub}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1938-2901"]}, DOI={10.1093/aesa/say049}, abstractNote={Abstract Dioecy is rare among flowering plants, and is associated with a high frequency of threatened species. Dioecious plants are often pollinated by wind or insects, but are susceptible to pollination failure should male and female plants become spatially separated, or should pollinator abundance decline. Here we characterize the plant–pollinator interactions of Rhus michauxii Sarg (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), an endangered dioecious shrub endemic to the southeastern United States. Working in the sandhills region of North Carolina, we detected a diverse community of arthropods visiting R. michauxii flowers, including 55 species or morphospecies, with moderate niche overlap between male and female flowers. Although most visitors acquired pollen from male flowers, pollen loads were greatly reduced or diluted on visitors to female flowers; conspecific pollen was completely absent at all-female sites. Bees in the genus Megachile appear to be the most important pollen vectors in this system because of their abundance and pollen load composition. We constructed a regional pollen transport network involving 73 arthropod species and 46 pollen species/morphotypes, in which R. michauxii participated in 10% of links and attracted 38% of individual visitors, suggesting that it competes successfully with other plants for visitation. Finally, time-lapse videography revealed that female inflorescences were visited about six times less often than male inflorescences, but at similar times of day. Despite overall high rates of bee visitation, pollen movement from male to female plants was uncommon, and restoration of sexual reproduction in this species may require hand pollination or translocation of suitable mates to single-sex sites.}, number={3}, journal={ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA}, author={Youngsteadt, Elsa and Sorenson, Clyde E.}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={169–179} }
 @article{braswell_reisig_sorenson_collins_2019, title={Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Oviposition and Larval Vertical Distribution in Bt Cotton Under Different Levels of Nitrogen and Irrigation}, volume={112}, ISSN={0022-0493 1938-291X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz023}, DOI={10.1093/jee/toz023}, abstractNote={In some Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties, bollworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) larval behavior differs from non-Bt varieties. Laboratory assays indicate bollworm larvae can detect Bt proteins, which may cause behavioral differences. Plant stress from factors including fertility and water availability causes changes in plant physiology and Bt expression. Our objective was to determine whether nitrogen and irrigation influenced bollworm behavior in Bt cotton by recording the vertical distribution of eggs and larvae over time. We conducted small plot experiments with Cry1Ac + Cry1F cotton in 2016 and 2017 with three nitrogen rates, along with irrigated and nonirrigated treatments during 2017. Bollworm locations were determined by in-field examination of 10-20 cotton plants per plot over 6-8 wk. The location of each egg and larva was recorded by node, with instar estimation of each larva. Oviposition was higher in in plots receiving nitrogen; first and second instars were also more common in plots receiving nitrogen or irrigation, whereas older instars had similar numbers among treatments. Oviposition was more evenly distributed throughout the canopy earlier in the sampling period than during later weeks, with more eggs in the top third of the canopy in only three of 14-wk. Early instars were also evenly distributed throughout the canopy. Later, instars moved to the middle portions of the canopy, away from bottom nodes, and did not move toward the terminal. Understanding bollworm behavior can inform both crop scouting and resistance management decisions.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Economic Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Braswell, Lewis R and Reisig, Dominic D and Sorenson, Clyde E and Collins, Guy D}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={1237–1250} }
 @article{braswell_reisig_sorenson_collins_2019, title={Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Preference for Plant Structures, and Their Location, Within Bt Cotton Under Different Nitrogen and Irrigation Regimes}, volume={112}, ISSN={0022-0493 1938-291X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz105}, DOI={10.1093/jee/toz105}, abstractNote={Abstract Helicoverpa zea Boddie is a common economic pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), including transgenic cotton varieties that express Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Helicoverpa zea oviposition is similar in Bt and non-Bt cotton, but behavior of H. zea larvae can be different in the presence of Bt, with neonates moving away from terminals faster in single-toxin Bt than non-Bt cotton or avoiding Bt-treated diet in the lab. We quantified H. zea oviposition and larval distribution on structures within cotton plants in small plot experiments of Cry1Ac + Cry1F cotton for 2 yr under different irrigation and nitrogen treatments. More eggs were oviposited on plants receiving nitrogen application during 2016 and on leaves in the top section of irrigated plants during 2017, but other treatment effects on eggs or larvae were minimal. Helicoverpa zea eggs were most common on leaves in the top third of plants at position zero and middle section of cotton plants throughout the season, but some oviposition occurred on fruiting structures as well. First and second instars were more common on squares in the top section of plants during 2016 and bolls in the middle and lower sections during 2017 due to oviposition lower in the canopy during 2017. During both years, third through fifth instars were more common on bolls in the middle and lower section of plants closer to the main stem. These findings have resistance management implications as extended larval feeding on bolls could optimize nutrition, decrease Bt susceptibility, and potentially influence behavioral resistance.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Economic Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Braswell, Lewis R and Reisig, Dominic D and Sorenson, Clyde E and Collins, Guy D}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={1741–1751} }
 @article{nelson_burrack_sorenson_2019, title={Imidacloprid is compatible with control provided by the predator Jalysus wickhami Van Duzee (Hemiptera: Berytidae) in flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)}, volume={118}, ISSN={["1873-6904"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cropro.2018.12.002}, abstractNote={Jalysus wickhami Van Duzee is the most abundant predator in North Carolina flue-cured tobacco production but information on the effect of contemporary pest management practices and interactions with other arthropods is lacking. We measured the effect of systemic imidacloprid on J. wickhami in field experiments during 2015 and 2016 by surveying its abundance, the abundance of its prey; the pests Heliothis virescens (Fabricus), Manduca sexta L., and Manduca quinquemaculata (Haworth, 1803); and other predatory arthropods in the agro-ecosystem. Systemic imidacloprid applications did not reduce J. wickhami abundance nor increase the abundance of H. virescens, M. sexta, and M. quinquemaculata, indicating natural control was not affected. J. wickhami abundance was positively correlated with the abundance of prey and predators from another feeding guild, suggesting species interactions have significant implications for the predators.}, journal={CROP PROTECTION}, author={Nelson, Peter N. and Burrack, Hannah J. and Sorenson, Clyde E.}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={15–20} }
 @article{mongue_hansen_gu_sorenson_walters_2019, title={Nonfertilizing sperm in Lepidoptera show little evidence for recurrent positive selection}, volume={28}, ISBN={1365-294X}, DOI={10.1111/mec.15096}, abstractNote={Sperm are among the most variable cells in nature. Some of this variation results from nonadaptive errors in spermatogenesis, but many species consistently produce multiple sperm morphs, the adaptive significance of which remains unknown. Here, we investigate the evolution of dimorphic sperm in Lepidoptera, the butterflies and moths. Males of this order produce both fertilizing sperm and a secondary, nonfertilizing type that lacks DNA. Previous organismal studies suggested a role for nonfertilizing sperm in sperm competition, but this hypothesis has never been evaluated from a molecular framework. We combined published data sets with new sequencing in two species, the monandrous Carolina sphinx moth and the highly polyandrous monarch butterfly. Based on population genetic analyses, we see evidence for increased adaptive evolution in fertilizing sperm, but only in the polyandrous species. This signal comes primarily from a decrease in nonsynonymous polymorphism in sperm proteins compared to the rest of the genome, suggesting stronger purifying selection, consistent with selection via sperm competition. Nonfertilizing sperm proteins, in contrast, do not show an effect of mating system and do not appear to evolve differently from the background genome in either species, arguing against the involvement of nonfertilizing sperm in direct sperm competition. Based on our results and previous work, we suggest that nonfertilizing sperm may be used to delay female remating in these insects and decrease the risk of sperm competition rather than directly affect its outcome.}, number={10}, journal={MOLECULAR ECOLOGY}, author={Mongue, Andrew J. and Hansen, Megan E. and Gu, Liuqi and Sorenson, Clyde E. and Walters, James R.}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={2517–2530} }
 @article{grodsky_moorman_fritts_campbell_sorenson_bertone_castleberry_wigley_2018, title={Invertebrate community response to coarse woody debris removal for bioenergy production from intensively managed forests}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1939-5582"]}, DOI={10.1002/eap.1634}, abstractNote={Increased market viability of harvest residues as forest bioenergy feedstock may escalate removal of coarse woody debris in managed forests. Meanwhile, many forest invertebrates use coarse woody debris for cover, food, and reproduction. Few studies have explicitly addressed effects of operational-scale woody biomass harvesting on invertebrates following clearcutting. Therefore, we measured invertebrate community response to large-scale harvest residue removal and micro-site manipulations of harvest residue availability in recently clearcut, intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests in North Carolina (NC; n = 4) and Georgia (GA; n = 4), USA. We captured 39,794 surface-active invertebrates representing 171 taxonomic groups using pitfall traps situated among micro-site locations (i.e., purposefully retained piles of hardwood stems and piles of conifer stems and areas without coarse woody debris in NC; windrows and no windrows in GA). Micro-site locations were located within six, large-scale treatments (7.16-14.3 ha) in clearcuts. Large-scale treatments represented intensive harvest residue removal, 15% and 30% harvest residue retention, and no harvest residue removal. In NC, ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) were three times more abundant in treatments with no harvest residue removal than those with the most intensive harvest residue removal and were reduced in treatments that retained 15% or 30% of harvest residues, although not significantly. Invertebrate taxa richness was greater at micro-site locations with retained hardwood and pine (Pinus spp.) harvest residues than those with minimal amounts of coarse woody debris. In both states, relative abundances of several invertebrate taxa, including cave crickets (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae), fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae), millipedes (Diplopoda), and wood roaches (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), were greater at micro-site locations with retained harvest residues than those with minimal coarse woody debris. Intensified woody biomass harvesting without retention of ≥15% of harvest residue volume may reduce invertebrate taxa richness and abundances of some key invertebrate taxa in regenerating stands. Further, harvest residue management during and after woody biomass harvesting may be an important consideration for maintaining invertebrate diversity and conserving invertebrates that are influential in the maintenance of ecosystem function and integrity in young forests.}, number={1}, journal={ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS}, author={Grodsky, Steven M. and Moorman, Christopher E. and Fritts, Sarah R. and Campbell, Joshua W. and Sorenson, Clyde E. and Bertone, Matthew A. and Castleberry, Steven B. and Wigley, T. Bently}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={135–148} }
 @article{hamon_youngsteadt_irwin_sorenson_2018, title={Pollination Ecology and Morphology of Venus Flytrap in Sites of Varying Time Since Last Fire}, volume={112}, ISSN={0013-8746 1938-2901}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/say032}, DOI={10.1093/aesa/say032}, abstractNote={Management of natural habitats is an important strategy for rare plant conservation. One common tool for managing natural habitats is the use of controlled fire. Rare plants in fire-dependent ecosystems often rely on frequent fires to increase nutrient availability, initiate germination, and limit cover from light competitors. Fire can also alter arthropod communities, including the pollinator communities upon which many flowering plants rely for sexual reproduction. However, it remains unclear how fire affects the pollination ecology of rare plants in fire-dependent ecosystems. Here we studied sites of varying burn history to examine the role of time since last fire on the morphology, flower visitor community, and degree of pollen limitation of seed production of Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula Ellis) (Caryophyllales: Droseraceae). The area occupied by blooming D. muscipula and number of traps per individual decreased with increasing time since burn. Though flower visitor richness and evenness were highest in sites of intermediate time post-burn, we found no differences in the composition of the flower visitor community in sites of different burn histories. Hand-pollinated flowers produced 8.3% more seeds per fruit than open-pollinated flowers, indicating that D. muscipula was pollen-limited, but burn history did not affect the magnitude of pollen limitation. Though we found no clear effect of burn history on the pollination ecology of D. muscipula, differences in blooming area and trap number suggest that burn history influences its distribution and growth, and affirms the benefits of frequent fires to its persistence.}, number={3}, journal={Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Hamon, Laura E and Youngsteadt, Elsa and Irwin, Rebecca E and Sorenson, Clyde E}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={141–149} }
 @article{youngsteadt_irwin_fowler_bertone_giacomini_kunz_suiter_sorenson_2018, title={Venus Flytrap Rarely Traps Its Pollinators}, volume={191}, ISSN={0003-0147 1537-5323}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/696124}, DOI={10.1086/696124}, abstractNote={Because carnivorous plants rely on arthropods as pollinators and prey, they risk consuming would-be mutualists. We examined this potential conflict in the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula), whose pollinators were previously unknown. Diverse arthropods from two classes and nine orders visited flowers; 56% of visitors carried D. muscipula pollen, often mixed with pollen of coflowering species. Within this diverse, generalized community, certain bee and beetle species appear to be the most important pollinators, on the basis of their abundance, pollen load size, and pollen fidelity. Dionaea muscipula prey spanned four invertebrate classes and 11 orders; spiders, beetles, and ants were most common. At the family and species levels, few taxa were shared between traps and flowers, yielding a near-zero value of niche overlap for these potentially competing structures. Spatial separation of traps and flowers may contribute to partitioning the invertebrate community between nutritional and reproductive functions in D. muscipula.}, number={4}, journal={The American Naturalist}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Youngsteadt, Elsa and Irwin, Rebecca E. and Fowler, Alison and Bertone, Matthew A. and Giacomini, Sara June and Kunz, Michael and Suiter, Dale and Sorenson, Clyde E.}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={539–546} }
 @article{lahiri_orr_sorenson_cardoza_2017, title={Behavior of Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) Adults under Overwintering Conditions(1)}, volume={52}, ISSN={["0749-8004"]}, DOI={10.18474/jes16-06.1}, abstractNote={Abstract  To assess overwintering refuge preferences by Telenomus podisi Ashmead, artificial refuges of varying geometries and composition were provided to wasps when exposed to overwintering conditions in an environmental chamber. Field sampling of leaf-litter and tree bark was also used in an effort to determine site preference of overwintering wasps. Under artificial overwintering conditions, wasps preferred to hang inverted while quiescent, regardless of the refuge design, indicating behavior that avoids precipitation or extreme temperature fluctuations during overwintering in field conditions. Wasps preferred refuges with wider gaps between upper and lower surfaces, avoiding spaces that were narrower than their standing height. Parasitoids also preferred settling at least 60 mm from refuge edges. Results suggest that T. podisi has a preference for the type of overwintering refuge that leaf-litter may offer.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE}, author={Lahiri, Sriyanka and Orr, David and Sorenson, Clyde and Cardoza, Yasmin J.}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={15–28} }
 @article{moorman_klimstra_harper_marcus_sorenson_2017, title={Breeding Songbird Use of Native Warm-Season and Non-Native Cool-Season Grass Forage Fields}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1938-5463"]}, DOI={10.1002/wsb.726}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={1}, journal={WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN}, author={Moorman, Christopher E. and Klimstra, Ryan L. and Harper, Craig A. and Marcus, Jeffrey F. and Sorenson, Clyde E.}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={42–48} }
 @article{lahiri_orr_cardoza_sorenson_2017, title={Longevity and fecundity of the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi provided with different carbohydrate diets}, volume={162}, DOI={10.1111/eea.12531}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata}, author={Lahiri, S. and Orr, D. and Cardoza, Y. J. and Sorenson, C.}, year={2017}, pages={178–187} }
 @article{chitwood_lashley_sherrill_sorenson_deperno_moorman_2017, title={Macroarthropod response to time-since-fire in the longleaf pine ecosystem}, volume={391}, ISSN={["1872-7042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2017.02.038}, abstractNote={Fire is an important disturbance worldwide, and literature supports the use of prescribed fire to restore and maintain fire-dependent ecosystems. However, fire could alter the abundance and persistence of some arthropods, in turn influencing vertebrate taxa that depend on those arthropods as a food source. We used replicated prescribed fire treatments to evaluate macroarthropod response to time-since-fire in the fire-maintained longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem. We sampled macroarthropod assemblages using vinyl gutter pitfall traps for 5 consecutive days in each month of the study (May-August 2014) in each replicate burn block. We identified macroarthropods to Order and dried and weighed the samples to determine biomass (g) of all taxa detected. We focused our analyses on 4 macroarthropod taxa important as food for wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Araneae, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Orthoptera. We used standard least squares regression to evaluate the effect of time-since-fire on total biomass of the 4 Orders (and we also evaluated those Orders independently). The analysis indicated that time-since-fire had no effect (p = 0.2616) on combined biomass of these 4 taxa. Analyzing the 4 Orders separately, biomass of Araneae (p = 0.0057) and Orthoptera (p = 0.0004) showed significant effects of time-since-fire, while Coleoptera (p = 0.9465) and Hymenoptera (p = 0.1175) did not. Parameter estimates (Araneae = 0.0084; SE = 0.0029; Orthoptera = 0.0137; SE = 0.0036) indicated that greater time-since-fire resulted in greater biomass for those 2 Orders. Overall, time-since-fire did not appear to have substantial effects on macroarthropod biomass. However, responses by Araneae and Orthoptera provided evidence that longer time-since-fire may result in greatest levels of biomass for some taxa. Our results indicate the use of frequent prescribed fire to restore and maintain longleaf forests is unlikely to pose risks to overall macroarthropod biomass, particularly if heterogeneity in fire frequency and spatial extent occurs on the landscape.}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Chitwood, M. Colter and Lashley, Marcus A. and Sherrill, Brandon L. and Sorenson, Clyde and DePerno, Christopher S. and Moorman, Christopher E.}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={390–395} }
 @article{brill_sorenson_abney_2016, title={Freeze Susceptibility and Supercooling Temperature of Plectris aliena (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Third Instars}, volume={51}, ISSN={["0749-8004"]}, DOI={10.18474/jes15-42.1}, abstractNote={Temperature is a density-independent abiotic mortality factor, although the response of insects to cold temperature varies between and within species (Bale 1989, Agric. Zool. Rev. 3: 157–192). The abundance of the overwintering stage of an insect depends in part on its cold hardiness, or ability to survive lowtemperature exposure aboveground or in subterranean habitats (Bale 1989). Freeze-tolerant insects can survive the freezing of tissues at temperatures below 08C, while freezesusceptible insects perish when their tissues freeze (Chapman 1998, Pp. 509–528, In The Insects: Structure and Function, 4th ed., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York). Insects that are freeze susceptible avoid freeze mortality by supercooling, or maintaining liquid water below the freezing point (Chapman 1998). For many freeze-susceptible insects native to tropical or temperate regions, the supercooling point (the sub-08C temperature at which the tissue water spontaneously freezes) is very low, often below 208C, but this can be influenced (increased or decreased) by life stage, acclimatization, feeding, water content, and cuticular surface moisture (Bale 1989, Chapman 1998). Freezing of freeze-susceptible insects can be induced at a temperature above the supercooling point through ice inoculation by internal or external factors, such as food in the gut or surface contact with an ice-nucleating agent (Bale 1989). Plectris aliena Chapman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is native to South America and, although it has been in the United States since the early 1900s (Chapin 1934, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 47: 33–36), the insect only became a severe problem for sweetpotato growers in Columbus Co. in southeastern North Carolina beginning in 2006. Sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck roots are rendered unmarketable}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE}, author={Brill, Nancy L. and Sorenson, Clyde E. and Abney, Mark R.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={252–255} }
 @article{lahiri_orr_sorenson_cardoza_2015, title={Overwintering refuge sites for Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae)}, volume={50}, DOI={10.18474/0749-8004-50.1.69}, abstractNote={Megacopta cribraria F. (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) was first reported in the United States near Atlanta, Georgia, in fall 2009 (Suiter et al. 2010, J. Integr. Pest Manag. 1: 1–4) and has since spread throughout the southeastern United States (http:// www.kudzubug.org/distribution_map.cfm). In Asia and the United States, it is commonly associated with its preferred host plant, kudzu, Pueraria montana Lour (Merr.) var. lobata (Willd.) (Fabales: Fabaceae) (Medal et al. 2013, Fla. Entomol. 96: 631–633). Nonetheless, M. cribraria has emerged as a significant pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill and may damage a few other legumes in the United States (Eger et al. 2010, Insecta Mundi 0121: 1–11; Hu and Carroll 2012, htpp://agfax.com/2012/05/18/Alabama-soybean-kudzubugs-making-their-move/). In Georgia and South Carolina, yield losses in untreated soybean fields averaged 18% and ranged up to 59.6% (Greene et al. 2012, United Soybean Board, Chesterfield, MO; Seiter et al. 2012, J. Econ. Entomol. 106: 1676–1683). Apart from being odoriferous, crushed nymphs have reportedly caused skin rashes, thereby raising health concerns for workers in soybean fields (Ruberson et al. 2013, Appl Entomol Zool. 48: 3–13). Megacopta cribraria is also viewed as a nuisance pest in fall through spring when adults aggregate on or around homes to overwinter, apparently close to kudzu patches (Eger et al. 2010, Insecta Mundi 0121: 1–11; Ruberson et al. 2013). Little is known about the biology and ecology of M. cribraria in North America. Prominently, we do not understand their behavior and population dynamics when host plants are not available, as in the winter. Knowledge of the overwintering behavior and biology of this species could inform surveillance and management. This study was undertaken to identify overwintering refuge areas preferred by M.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Entomological Science}, author={Lahiri, S. and Orr, D. and Sorenson, C. and Cardoza, Y.}, year={2015}, pages={69–73} }
 @article{grodsky_iglay_sorenson_moorman_2015, title={Should Invertebrates Receive Greater Inclusion in Wildlife Research Journals?}, volume={79}, ISSN={["1937-2817"]}, DOI={10.1002/jwmg.875}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT}, author={Grodsky, Steven M. and Iglay, Raymond B. and Sorenson, Clyde E. and Moorman, Christopher E.}, year={2015}, month={May}, pages={529–536} }
 @article{taylor_burrack_roe_bacheler_sorenson_2015, title={Systemic Imidacloprid Affects Intraguild Parasitoids Differently}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0144598}, abstractNote={Toxoneuron nigriceps (Viereck) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) are solitary endoparasitoids of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). They provide biological control of H. virescens populations in Southeastern US agricultural production systems. Field and greenhouse experiments conducted from 2011–2014 compared parasitism rates of parasitoids that developed inside H. virescens larvae fed on tobacco plants treated with and without imidacloprid. The parasitoids in our study did not have a similar response. Toxoneuron nigriceps had reduced parasitism rates, but parasitism rates of C. sonorensis were unaffected. Preliminary data indicate that adult female lifespans of T. nigriceps are also reduced. ELISA was used to measure concentrations of neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and imidacloprid metabolites in H. virescens larvae that fed on imidacloprid-treated plants and in the parasitoids that fed on these larvae. Concentrations were detectable in the whole bodies of parasitized H. virescens larvae, T. nigriceps larvae and T. nigriceps adults, but not in C. sonorensis larvae and adults. These findings suggest that there are effects of imidacloprid on multiple trophic levels, and that insecticide use may differentially affect natural enemies with similar feeding niches.}, number={12}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Taylor, Sally V. and Burrack, Hannah J. and Roe, R. Michael and Bacheler, Jack S. and Sorenson, Clyde E.}, year={2015}, month={Dec} }
 @article{silcox_sorenson_brandenburg_2012, title={QUANTIFYING EFFICACY AND AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR BY TAWNY MOLE CRICKETS (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLOTALPIDAE: SCAPTERISCUS VICINUS) TO THREE SYNTHETIC INSECTICIDES}, volume={95}, ISSN={["1938-5102"]}, DOI={10.1653/024.095.0111}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) are among the most economically important turf-grass insect pests in the southeastern United States. The tawny mole cricket Scapteriscus vicinus (Scudder) causes damage by feeding on the roots and shoots of turfgrass and by creating surface tunnels. Previous research on mole cricket control showed behavior modification, including reduced surface tunneling and avoidance of the treated soil, when a control agent was applied. The objectives of these studies were: a) to determine the mortality of 3 synthetic insecticides and their residues against small and large mole cricket nymphs in 2 bioassays and b) to monitor mole cricket behavioral responses to these insecticides. We used 3 synthetic insecticides (bifenthrin, chlorantraniliprole, and fipronil) to conduct 2 mortality bioassays and 2 behavioral studies, where we quantified surface tunneling, to determine the scope of this modified behavior. We found that, in general, the greater the efficacy of the product to mole crickets, the greater the likelihood of reduced surface tunneling and avoidance of the treated area. These studies confirm that mole crickets avoid an area treated with insecticide and emphasize the importance of appropriate timing of insecticides to achieve effective control of mole crickets.}, number={1}, journal={FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST}, author={Silcox, D. E. and Sorenson, C. E. and Brandenburg, R. L.}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={63–74} }
 @article{cabrera_van kretschmar_bacheler_burrack_sorenson_roe_2011, title={Resistance monitoring of Heliothis virescens to pyramided cotton varieties with a hydrateable, artificial cotton leaf bioassay}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0261-2194"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cropro.2011.05.005}, abstractNote={Proof of concept was demonstrated for a practical, off-the-shelf bioassay to monitor for tobacco budworm resistance to pyramided Bt cotton using plant filtrates. The bioassay was based on a previously described feeding disruption test using hydrateable artificial diet containing a blue indicator dye, a diagnostic dose of insecticide and novel assay architecture. Using neonate larvae from a Bt-susceptible, laboratory reared tobacco budworm strain, a diagnostic dose for Bollgard II and WideStrike cotton was obtained that limited neonate blue fecal production to 0–2 pellets in 24 h (Bt-resistant larvae produced >2 fecal pellets). The bioassay was tested with three different field populations of tobacco budworm collected from tobacco in central North Carolina (USA) and shown to accurately diagnose susceptibility to Bt. The diagnostic doses were also successfully evaluated with two Bt-resistant, laboratory reared tobacco budworm strains. Shelf life studies showed the assay could be stored for at least 6 months at room temperature (longer storage times were not studied). The application of the bioassay as an easy to use monitoring tool is discussed.}, number={9}, journal={CROP PROTECTION}, author={Cabrera, Ana R. and Van Kretschmar, Jaap and Bacheler, Jack S. and Burrack, Hannah and Sorenson, Clyde E. and Roe, R. Michael}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={1196–1201} }
 @article{savage_moorman_gerwin_sorenson_2010, title={PREY SELECTION BY SWAINSON'S WARBLERS ON THE BREEDING GROUNDS}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1938-5129"]}, DOI={10.1525/cond.2010.090055}, abstractNote={Abstract. Swainson's Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii) breeds in bottomland hardwood forests across the southeastern United States, where it is believed to be one of the rarest breeding songbirds. Although information on its nest-site habitat is considerable, little is known about its foraging habitat except that the species is insectivorous, with a large bill used to flip fallen leaves on the forest floor. We captured Swainson's Warblers and flushed their crops to determine their diet and sampled leaf-litter arthropods and vegetation at each location of capture. We compared the proportion of arthropod orders in the crop samples to the proportion of arthropods collected in the leaf litter to determine the warbler's prey in proportion to its availability. Although Acari (mites and ticks) and Chilopoda (centipedes) were the most abundant arthropods in the leaf-litter samples (51% and 18%, respectively), these orders rarely occurred in the warblers' crops. Conversely, Araneae (spiders) and Coleoptera (beetles) were uncommon in leaf-litter samples (2% and 5%, respectively) but were the most abundant arthropod orders in the warblers' crops. Binary logistic regression with presence or absence of Araneae as the response variable and habitat measures as the predictor variables revealed that the probability of spiders occurring in the leaf litter increased as leaf-litter depth increased. To promote foraging habitat for Swainson's Warbler, deep leaf litter should be maintained by maintaining patches of closed-canopy forests and restoring natural regimes of flooding.}, number={3}, journal={CONDOR}, author={Savage, Amelia L. and Moorman, Christopher E. and Gerwin, John A. and Sorenson, Clyde}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={605–614} }
 @article{zepeda-paulo_simon_ramirez_fuentes-contreras_margaritopoulos_wilson_sorenson_briones_azevedo_ohashi_et al._2010, title={The invasion route for an insect pest species: the tobacco aphid in the New World}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1365-294X"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04857.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={21}, journal={MOLECULAR ECOLOGY}, author={Zepeda-Paulo, F. A. and Simon, J. -C. and Ramirez, C. C. and Fuentes-Contreras, E. and Margaritopoulos, J. T. and Wilson, A. C. C. and Sorenson, C. E. and Briones, L. M. and Azevedo, R. and Ohashi, D. V. and et al.}, year={2010}, month={Nov}, pages={4738–4752} }
 @article{nino_sorenson_washburn_watson_2009, title={Effects of the Insect Growth Regulator, Methoprene, on Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1603/022.038.0224}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT A bioassay was conducted to determine the impact of methoprene, an insect growth regulator (IGR), on fecundity, larval survival, and size of progeny for Onthophagus taurus Schreber. Adult O. taurus dung beetles were offered methoprene-treated manure in three to five replications each at concentrations of 0.08, 0.45, and 4.5 ppm, respectively. An additional group of adult beetles was immersed in a methoprene-water solution and allowed to reproduce in containers with untreated manure. Data from all treatment groups were compared with untreated control groups. Methoprene did not seem to hinder brood production at 0.45 ppm. Survival of O. taurus was not affected by methoprene-treated manure at 0.08 ppm or when parent beetles were immersed in methoprene-water solution. However, progeny survival was significantly reduced on manure treated with methoprene at 4.5 ppm. Mean pronotal width of O. taurus progeny was significantly smaller in beetles fed methoprene-treated manure (4.5 ppm). The low dose of 0.08 ppm did not affect pronotal widths nor did topical application of methoprene to adults affect pronotal widths in resulting offspring. Although some adverse effects of methoprene were observed at higher concentrations, use of methoprene at concentrations of 0.08 ppm as part of a horn fly control program likely would not greatly affect populations of O. taurus, the most common paracoprid dung beetle in North Carolina.}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Nino, Elina L. and Sorenson, Clyde E. and Washburn, Steven P. and Watson, D. Wes}, year={2009}, month={Apr}, pages={493–498} }
 @article{outward_sorenson_bradley_2008, title={Effects of vegetated field borders on arthropods in cotton fields in eastern North Carolina}, volume={8}, DOI={10.1673/031.008.0901}, abstractNote={Abstract The influence, if any, of 5m wide, feral, herbaceous field borders on pest and beneficial arthropods in commercial cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.) (Malvales: Malvaceae), fields was measured through a variety of sampling techniques over three years. In each year, 5 fields with managed, feral vegetation borders and five fields without such borders were examined. Sampling was stratified from the field border or edge in each field in an attempt to elucidate any edge effects that might have occurred. Early season thrips populations appeared to be unaffected by the presence of a border. Pitfall sampling disclosed no differences in ground-dwelling predaceous arthropods but did detect increased populations of crickets around fields with borders. Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations were too low during the study to adequately assess border effects. Heliothines, Heliothis virescens (F.) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), egg numbers and damage rates were largely unaffected by the presence or absence of a border, although in one instance egg numbers were significantly lower in fields with borders. Overall, foliage-dwelling predaceous arthropods were somewhat more abundant in fields with borders than in fields without borders. Tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Heteroptera: Miridae) were significantly more abundant in fields with borders, but stink bugs, Acrosternum hilare (Say), and Euschistus servus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) numbers appeared to be largely unaffected by border treatment. Few taxa clearly exhibited distributional edge effects relative to the presence or absence of border vegetation. Field borders like those examined in this study likely will have little impact on insect pest management in cotton under current insect management regimens.}, journal={Journal of Insect Science (Ludhiana, India)}, author={Outward, R. and Sorenson, C. E. and Bradley, J. R.}, year={2008} }
 @article{abney_sorenson_gould_bradley_2008, title={Limitations of stable carbon isotope analysis for determining natal host origins of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens}, volume={126}, ISSN={["1570-7458"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00633.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA}, author={Abney, M. R. and Sorenson, C. E. and Gould, F. and Bradley, J. R., Jr.}, year={2008}, month={Jan}, pages={46–52} }
 @article{juba_bradley_notz_southern_sorenson_2007, title={Effect of tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) infestation level on budworm-resistant and susceptible varieties of flue-cured tobacco in north Carolina}, volume={100}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[801:EOTBLN]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1972 to 1978 and from 1998 to 1999 to evaluate tobacco budworm,Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), larval feeding on flue-cured tobacco,Nicotiana tabacum (L.), yield in eastern North Carolina. In the earlier studies, using variety Coker 319, treatment plots were evaluated when either 0 or 100% of plants in a plot were infested withH.virescens larvae. Treatment differences based on actual yield loss (kilograms per hectare) were compared with estimations of yield loss based on leaf consumption and leaf loss. Results indicate actual yield loss when 100% of plants were infested was less than the corresponding estimates of yield loss. In the later experiments, two tobacco budworm-resistant lines, ‘CU 263′ and ‘CU 370′, were compared with a commercial susceptible variety, K 326, when 0, 10, 20, or 40% of plants were infested (1998) and 0, 10, 40, 75, or 100% of plants were infested (1999). Although significant increases in leaf equivalents consumed were associated with infestations exceeding the recommended threshold, differences were not detected for yield (kilograms per hectare), quality (dollars per kilogram), and value (dollars per hectare) within each tobacco line. Additionally, there was not a significant correlation between value and infestations level for any of the tobacco lines. These results provide economic support for tolerance of a higher treatment threshold. Although K 326 sustained more leaf equivalent loss than CU 263 and CU 370, the value of K 326 harvested was higher than that of CU 263 and CU 370. To justify use of resistant varieties, the combination of pest pressure and the benefit of host plant resistance must be greater than the capacity of a susceptible variety to produce competitive yields, despite sustaining significantly higher loss.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Juba, Thomas R. and Bradley, J. R., Jr. and Notz, Armando and Southern, P. Sterling and Sorenson, Clyde E.}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={801–807} }
 @article{abney_sorenson_southern_2007, title={Pyrethroid insecticide efficacy against tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in North Carolina flue-cured tobacco: Implications for insecticide resistance management}, volume={42}, ISSN={["0749-8004"]}, DOI={10.18474/0749-8004-42.4.582}, abstractNote={Foliar applications of 3 pyrethroid insecticides were made to flue-cured tobacco and compared with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) bait and sprays of acephate and spinosad for control of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), in 2001, 2002, and 2003. Lambda-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, and bifenthrin provided significant control of tobacco budworm when compared with untreated checks in all 3 yrs; however, they were generally less efficacious than the other insecticides tested. The level of control among the pyrethroids differed significantly within years but was inconsistent from year to year. The severity of tobacco budworm feeding damage was recorded for individual plants in each treatment, and damage averaged over pyrethroid treatments was 54.17% lower than the untreated control in 2001 and 79.84% lower in 2003. Pyrethroid treatments had no impact on yield of cured leaf in 2001 or 2003 compared with controls. The use of pyrethroid insecticides in flue-cured tobacco will increase the selection pressure placed on tobacco budworm populations in North Carolina. As a result, resistance to this class of insecticides may develop at an accelerated rate.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE}, author={Abney, M. R. and Sorenson, C. E. and Southern, P. S.}, year={2007}, month={Oct}, pages={582–588} }
 @article{moorman_bowen_kilgo_sorenson_hanula_horn_ulyshen_2007, title={Seasonal diets of insectivorous birds using canopy gaps in a bottomland forest}, volume={78}, ISSN={["1557-9263"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00081.x}, abstractNote={Little is known about how insectivorous bird diets are influenced by arthropod availability and about how these relationships vary seasonally. We captured birds in forest-canopy gaps and adjacent mature forest during 2001 and 2002 at the Savannah River Site in Barnwell County, South Carolina, and flushed their crops to gather information about arthropods eaten during four periods: spring migration, breeding, postbreeding, and fall migration. Arthropod availability for foliage- and ground-gleaning birds was examined by leaf clipping and pitfall trapping. Coleopterans and Hemipterans were used by foliage- and ground-gleaners more than expected during all periods, whereas arthropods in the orders Araneae and Hymenoptera were used as, or less than, expected based on availability during all periods. Ground-gleaning birds used Homopterans and Lepidopterans in proportions higher than availability during all periods. Arthropod use by birds was consistent from spring through fall migration, with no apparent seasonal shift in diet. Based on concurrent studies, heavily used orders of arthropods were equally abundant or slightly less abundant in canopy gaps than in the surrounding mature forest, but bird species were most frequently detected in gaps. Such results suggest that preferential feeding on arthropods by foliage-gleaning birds in gap habitats reduced arthropod densities or, alternatively, that bird use of gap and forest habitat was not determined by food resources. The abundance of arthropods across the stand may have allowed birds to remain in the densely vegetated gaps where thick cover provides protection from predators.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY}, author={Moorman, Christopher E. and Bowen, Liessa T. and Kilgo, John C. and Sorenson, Clyde E. and Hanula, James L. and Horn, Scott and Ulyshen, Mike D.}, year={2007}, pages={11–20} }
 @article{silverman_sorenson_waldvogel_2006, title={Trap-mulching Argentine ants}, volume={99}, DOI={10.1093/jee/99.5.1757}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Economic Entomology}, author={Silverman, J. and Sorenson, C. E. and Waldvogel, M. G.}, year={2006}, pages={1757–1760} }
 @article{sorenson_kennedy_schal_walgenbach_2005, title={Geographical variation in pheromone response of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera : Crambidae), in North Carolina: A 20-Y perspective}, volume={34}, ISSN={["0046-225X"]}, DOI={10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1057:GVIPRO]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Pheromone traps were used to assess the distribution of two pheromone races of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in North Carolina, ≈10 and 20 yr after previous, similar assessments. In the previous studies, moths responding to a 97Z: 3E isomeric blend (Z blend) of 11-tetradecenyl acetate predominated in the far western parts of the state, whereas moths responding to a 3Z: 97E blend (E blend) prevailed in the east, with a substantial zone of overlap occurring in the eastern Piedmont. There was evidence that the E responsive population had expanded westward between 1978 and 1988. In this study, the distribution of the two races seemed to remain essentially unchanged from that observed in the late 1980s, and no evidence of a continued westward expansion of E responsive moths was detected.}, number={5}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Sorenson, CE and Kennedy, GG and Schal, C and Walgenbach, JF}, year={2005}, month={Oct}, pages={1057–1062} }
 @article{bertone_green_washburn_poore_sorenson_watson_2005, title={Seasonal activity and species composition of dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae) inhabiting cattle pastures in North Carolina}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1938-2901"]}, DOI={10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0309:SAASCO]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Species composition and seasonal distribution of dung beetles were studied on dairy and beef cattle pastures in North Carolina. Study sites included a dairy located in the piedmont region (North Carolina Department of Agriculture Piedmont Research Station, Salisbury, NC) and a combined dairy/beef facility in the coastal plain (North Carolina Department of Agriculture Center for Environmental Farming Systems, Goldsboro, NC). Dung beetles were trapped in cattle pastures from March 2002 through September 2003 by using dung-baited pitfall traps. Trapping yielded 4,111 beetles representing 14 species from the piedmont dairy, including Aphodius prodromus Brahm, a new record for North Carolina. Totals of 57,026 beetles representing 28 species and 28,857 beetles representing 26 species were trapped from the dairy unit and beef unit in the coastal plain site, respectively. Onthophagus gazella (F.), a second new record for North Carolina, was collected from the coastal plain. Beetles common to all collection sites include Aphodius erraticus (L.), Aphodius fimetarius (L.), Aphodius granarius (L.), Aphodius pseudolividus Balthasar, Onthophagus taurus Schreber, Onthophagus hecate hecate Panzer, and Onthophagus pennsylvanicus Harold. The introduced beetle O. taurus dominated the dung beetle population, accounting for >50% of the total beetles caught at either site. Beetle activity was greatest from March until November, with activity declining during the winter. Nine exotic species in the genera Onthophagus and Aphodius represented nearly 95% of the beetles trapped.}, number={3}, journal={ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA}, author={Bertone, M and Green, J and Washburn, S and Poore, M and Sorenson, C and Watson, DW}, year={2005}, month={May}, pages={309–321} }
 @article{jackson_mahaffey_bradley_van duyn_sorenson_2005, title={The impact of transgenic cottons expressing one or two proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis on survival and damage potential of first and second instars of Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)}, volume={9}, ISBN={1524-3303}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Cotton Science (Online)}, author={Jackson, R. E. and Mahaffey, J. S. and Bradley, J. R., Jr. and Van Duyn, J. W. and Sorenson, C. E.}, year={2005}, pages={199} }
 @article{daley_cobb_bromley_sorenson_2004, title={Landowner attitudes regarding wildlife management on private land in North Carolina}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1938-5463"]}, DOI={10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[209:LARWMO]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Early-successional habitats across the southeast United States have declined considerably in recent years amid rising human population growth and associated development. Recognizing the declining wildlife populations associated with early-successional habitats and the need for influence over habitat on private land, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission established the Cooperative Upland Habitat Restoration and Enhancement (CURE) Program in August 2000. The program targets private landowners in 3 select regions of the state (Upper Coastal Plain I, Upper Coastal Plain II, and Western Piedmont). Survey research was conducted in the 3 CURE Program areas to 1) evaluate demographic and landownership attributes of private landowners and associated land-use characteristics, 2) assess regional differences in landowner attitudes and behavior toward wildlife management on private land, 3) identify landowner attributes related to regional differences in attitude or behavior, and 4) evaluate how regional differences will impact future CURE Program guidelines. Landowner attitudes toward wildlife in North Carolina are closely linked to property use and reliance on land for direct economic income (i.e., agricultural production). Landowners who depended on their property for earned annual income were less likely to consider the aesthetic or intrinsic value of wildlife on their land than those who did not rely on their land for income. For some landowners, financial incentives alone appeared sufficient to encourage participation in the CURE Program. Other landowners were less interested in financial rewards. For these landowners, alternative forms of encouragement, such as partnerships with agencies and organizations, might be more effective. Understanding variability in landowner attitudes and behavior toward wildlife habitat is critical to the success of private-land wildlife habitat management programs. In North Carolina the success of the CURE Program will depend on tailoring the program to fit regional differences in landowner values, attitudes, and behavior.}, number={1}, journal={WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN}, author={Daley, SS and Cobb, DT and Bromley, PT and Sorenson, CE}, year={2004}, pages={209–219} }
 @article{barker_sorenson_2003, title={Cropping systems and Integrated Pest Management: Examples from selected crops}, volume={8}, ISBN={1092-678X}, DOI={10.1300/j144v08n01_11}, abstractNote={SUMMARY Cropping systems have been central to managing associated pests for centuries. This treatment focuses on the history, concepts, and the integration of available Integrated Pest Management (IPM) tools/strategies into cropping systems. Pest assessments/diagnoses, IPM-decision-making aids, and examples of pest management in selected crops/cropping systems (wheat, soybean, corn, cotton, potato, and strawberry) as well as emerging opportunities and challenges are discussed. The evolving philosophy of IPM and the recently renewed emphasis on ecologically based pest management address the fact that significant levels of predation and/or parasitism are desirable insofar as they promote diversity and sustainability of agroecosystems. Thus, cropping systems are beginning to focus on soil and crop health as well as specific IPM and production goals. Although extensive efforts have been directed toward modeling the many interactions between crops, associated pests and the environment, the general implementati...}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Crop Production}, author={Barker, K. R. and Sorenson, C.}, year={2003}, pages={271} }
 @article{woods_sorenson_stephenson_harrison_2001, title={A simple allozyme method for distinguishing all life stages of Manduca sexta and M-quinquemaculata}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1570-7458"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00762.x}, abstractNote={Entomologia Experimentalis et ApplicataVolume 98, Issue 1 p. 109-113 A simple allozyme method for distinguishing all life stages of Manduca sexta and M. quinquemaculata H. Arthur Woods, H. Arthur Woods Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA (Tel: (480) 965-9459; E-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this authorClyde E. Sorenson, Clyde E. Sorenson Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USASearch for more papers by this authorAlan Stephenson, Alan Stephenson Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USASearch for more papers by this authorJon F. Harrison, Jon F. Harrison Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA (Tel: (480) 965-9459; E-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this author H. Arthur Woods, H. Arthur Woods Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA (Tel: (480) 965-9459; E-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this authorClyde E. Sorenson, Clyde E. Sorenson Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USASearch for more papers by this authorAlan Stephenson, Alan Stephenson Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USASearch for more papers by this authorJon F. Harrison, Jon F. Harrison Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA (Tel: (480) 965-9459; E-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this author First published: 06 October 2003 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00762.xCitations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume98, Issue1January 2001Pages 109-113 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA}, author={Woods, HA and Sorenson, CE and Stephenson, A and Harrison, JE}, year={2001}, month={Jan}, pages={109–113} }
 @article{groves_sorenson_walgenbach_kennedy_2001, title={Effects of imidacloprid on transmission of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus to pepper, tomato and tobacco by Frankliniella fusca Hinds (Thysanoptera : Thripidae)}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0261-2194"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00171-X}, abstractNote={Abstract Rates of transmission of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) by tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca Hinds, to imidacloprid-treated and untreated tomato, pepper and tobacco were measured in greenhouse and small-plot field trials. The incidence of TSWV was reduced in greenhouse assays with all 3 crops receiving a soil application of imidacloprid at a rate of 9.9 g [AI]/1000 plants. Levels of TSWV were also reduced in small-plot field trials of tomato and pepper plants receiving transplant applications of imidacloprid at the same rate. No F. fusca were recovered from imidacloprid-treated tobacco (9.9 g [AI]/1000 plants) 24 days following an initial infestation. In the greenhouse, F. fusca populations reached higher levels on healthy than TSWV-infected tobacco. Applications of soil-applied imidacloprid reduced the number and duration of probing/feeding bouts by F. fusca on pepper and mustard (Brassica rapa L.). Reduced probing and feeding by viruliferous thrips on imidacloprid-treated plants may contribute to less TSWV incidence as observed in the field and greenhouse experiments.}, number={5}, journal={CROP PROTECTION}, author={Groves, RL and Sorenson, CE and Walgenbach, JF and Kennedy, GG}, year={2001}, month={Jun}, pages={439–445} }
 @article{bailey_brownie_bacheler_gould_kennedy_sorenson_roe_2001, title={Species diagnosis and Bacillus thuringiensis resistance monitoring of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera : noctuidae) field strains from the southern United States using feeding disruption bioassays}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1938-291X"]}, DOI={10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.76}, abstractNote={Abstract Validation of a feeding disruption bioassay for the detection of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin and species identification is reported using field strains of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea collected from the southern United States in 1998. Feeding disruption is measured by a lack of fecal production from larvae exposed to a diagnostic concentration of CryIAc in a blue indicator diet. The bioassay provided rapid (24 h) diagnosis of the species composition of larvae tested and also monitored for the presence of resistance in H. virescens. An additional diagnostic concentration was established for monitoring resistance in H. zea. A probit model was used to compare the fecal production responses of insect strains over a range of CryIAc doses. Probability calculations, derived from our assay results, are also presented to aid in the interpretation of future results from field trials. Integration of the feeding disruption bioassay into integrated pest management programs is discussed.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Bailey, WD and Brownie, C and Bacheler, JS and Gould, F and Kennedy, GG and Sorenson, CE and Roe, RM}, year={2001}, month={Feb}, pages={76–85} }
 @article{sorenson_ihrig_bradley_van duyn_herbert_2000, title={Comparison of two computer techniques and a visual technique for the estimation of wheat leaf consumption by cereal leaf beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae)}, volume={35}, ISSN={["0749-8004"]}, DOI={10.18474/0749-8004-35.4.391}, abstractNote={Three techniques for estimating wheat foliage defoliation by cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus (L.), larvae were evaluated. The techniques were visual estimation, computer estimation with image capture through a flatbed scanner (Lanalyze), and a commercially available video computer image analysis system (CIAS). Both computer-assisted techniques exhibited high levels of repeatability. Both consistently produced errors of less than 3 percent, although each system exhibited different error patterns. The Lanalyze system tended to systematically underestimate actual defoliation of mock leaves, while the CIAS system tended to overestimate actual defoliation. Visual estimators exhibited greater variation among estimates and, on average, greater discrepancies from actual defoliation when compared with the computer assisted techniques. The experience of the observer had a bearing on the accuracy and consistency of visual estimates; more experienced observers had the best accuracy.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE}, author={Sorenson, CE and Ihrig, RA and Bradley, JR and Van Duyn, JW and Herbert, DA}, year={2000}, month={Oct}, pages={391–401} }
 @article{roe_bailey_gould_sorenson_kennedy_bacheler_rose_hodgson_sutula_2000, title={Detection of resistant insects and IPM}, ISBN={0890542465}, journal={Emerging technologies for integrated pest management : concepts, research, and implementation}, publisher={St. Paul, MN : APS Press,}, author={Roe, R. M. and Bailey, W. D. and Gould, F. and Sorenson, C. E. and Kennedy, G. G. and Bacheler, J. S. and Rose, R. L. and Hodgson, E. and Sutula, C. L.}, year={2000}, pages={67} }
 @article{clements_wiegmann_sorenson_smith_neese_roe_2000, title={Genetic variation in the Myzus persicae complex (Homoptera : Aphididae): Evidence for a single species}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1938-2901"]}, DOI={10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0031:GVITMP]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Genetic variation was assessed for the closely related aphids Myzus nicotianae Blackman and Myzus persicae (Sulzer), previously classified as a single species. Populations of both red and green color morphs, collected from tobacco and nontobacco hosts from 3 continents, were analyzed via random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II (COII) and elongation factor- 1 alpha (EF-1α) gene sequencing. Three other Myzus species—M. cerasi (F.), M. hemerocallis Takahashi, and M. varians Davidson)—were used as outgroups in our analyses. RAPD-PCR analysis revealed many, easily detectable genetic polymorphisms between the Myzus persicae complex and the outgroup species. The small number of polymorphisms detected within the complex were not correlated with host plant or the geographic origin of populations. The sequences of both COII and EF-1α for all populations within the M. persicae complex were identical, although significant variation was evident between the M. persicae complex and outgroup taxa. These results strongly suggest the synonymy of M. persicae and M. nicotianae.}, number={1}, journal={ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA}, author={Clements, KM and Wiegmann, BM and Sorenson, CE and Smith, CF and Neese, PA and Roe, RM}, year={2000}, month={Jan}, pages={31–46} }
 @article{clements_sorenson_wiegmann_neese_roe_2000, title={Genetic, biochemical, and behavioral uniformity among populations of Myzus nicotianae and Myzus persicae}, volume={95}, ISSN={["1570-7458"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1570-7458.2000.00666.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA}, author={Clements, KM and Sorenson, CE and Wiegmann, BM and Neese, PA and Roe, RM}, year={2000}, month={Jun}, pages={269–281} }
 @article{roe_bailey_zhao_young_carter_gould_sorenson_kennedy_bacheler_1999, title={Assay kit for species and insecticide resistance diagnosis for tobacco budworm and bollworm in cotton}, number={1999}, journal={Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings}, author={Roe, R. M. and Bailey, W.D. and Zhao, G. and Young, H.P. and Carter, L.M. and Gould, F. and Sorenson, C.E. and Kennedy, G.G. and Bacheler, J.S.}, year={1999}, pages={926–930} }
 @article{sorenson_outward_1999, title={Effects of managed feral vegetation field borders on insects in cotton and soybean fields in North Carolina: An interim report}, volume={2}, number={1999}, journal={Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings}, author={Sorenson, C. E. and Outward, R. J.}, year={1999}, pages={1206–1210} }
 @article{sorenson_schreiber_townsend_abd-elghafar_fairchild_knowles_1998, title={Monitoring pyrethroid resistance in bollworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) moths in Missouri, 1988 to 1994}, volume={33}, ISSN={["0749-8004"]}, DOI={10.18474/0749-8004-33.3.300}, abstractNote={From 1988 to 1994, adult vial bioassays were conducted on bollworms, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), collected from pheromone traps in Missouri to determine their susceptibility to pyrethroids. Although most moths were susceptible to cypermethrin, many assays contained individuals that survived concentrations of 5 and 10 μg per vial. The number of individuals that survived these concentrations increased each of the first 3 yrs, and then fluctuated from year to year. In some cases, moths with increased tolerance to cypermethrin occurred in locations where little or no pyrethroid insecticides were used for bollworm control. A likely explanation for tolerant bollworms in Missouri is immigration from more southerly locations, and evidence for long range dispersal of these insects is presented. Implications for regional resistance monitoring also are discussed.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE}, author={Sorenson, CE and Schreiber, A and Townsend, HG and Abd-Elghafar, SF and Fairchild, ML and Knowles, CO}, year={1998}, month={Jul}, pages={300–312} }
 @article{sorenson_van duyn_kennedy_bradley_eckel_fernandez_1995, title={Evaluation of a Sequential Egg Mass Sampling System for Predicting Second-Generation Damage by European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Field Corn in North Carolina}, volume={88}, ISSN={1938-291X 0022-0493}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/88.5.1316}, DOI={10.1093/jee/88.5.1316}, abstractNote={A sequential egg mass sampling plan was developed for prediction of stalk tunneling damage by 2nd-generation European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), in field corn in eastern North Carolina. The plan was based on a critical density constructed from a linear relationship between egg mass numbers and subsequent stalk tunnel numbers ; the sampling unit consisted of 5 leaves on 10 consecutive plants. Decision lines were constructed using the mean crowding-mean method developed by Iwao (1975). The plan was evaluated through computer simulations and comparison with field data. Average sample number and operating characteristic curves for a range of thresholds are estimated. The expected costs and feasibility of scouting for European corn borer under various economic conditions are examined.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Economic Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Sorenson, Clyde E. and Van Duyn, John W. and Kennedy, George G. and Bradley, J. R., Jr. and Eckel, Craig S. and Fernandez, George C. J.}, year={1995}, month={Oct}, pages={1316–1323} }
 @article{sorenson_kennedy_van duyn_bradley_1993, title={Distribution of second generation European corn borer, <i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i>, egg masses in field corn and relationship to subsequent tunneling damage}, volume={68}, ISSN={0013-8703 1570-7458}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1993.tb01684.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1570-7458.1993.tb01684.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Sorenson, C. E. and Kennedy, G. G. and Van Duyn, J. W. and Bradley, J. R., Jr.}, year={1993}, month={Jul}, pages={15–23} }
 @article{sorenson_kennedy_van duyn_bradley_walgenbach_1992, title={Geographical variation in pheromone response of the European corn borer, <i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i>, in North Carolina}, volume={64}, ISSN={0013-8703 1570-7458}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1992.tb01607.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1570-7458.1992.tb01607.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Sorenson, C. E. and Kennedy, G. G. and van Duyn, W. and Bradley, J. R., Jr. and Walgenbach, J. F.}, year={1992}, month={Aug}, pages={177–185} }
 @article{sorenson_fery_kennedy_1989, title={Relationship Between Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Tobacco Hornworm (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Resistance in Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum}, volume={82}, ISSN={1938-291X 0022-0493}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/82.6.1743}, DOI={10.1093/jee/82.6.1743}, abstractNote={Segregation patterns of glandular trichome-mediated resistance to Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) and to Manduca sexta (L.) were examined in short-term foliage consumption bioassays for the following plant populations: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Walter’, susceptible parent;. L. hirsutum f. glabratum C. H. Mull, PI 134417, resistant parent; F2 ((‘Walter’ × PI 134417) × (‘Walter’ × PI 134417));‘Walter’ × F1 (‘Walter’ × PI 134417); and F1 (‘Walter’ × PI 134417) × PI 134417. The component of L. decemlineata resistance associated with the foliar glandular trichomes segregated in a manner identical to M. sexta resistance. Because the levels of resistance to both insect species were highly correlated in segregating F1 backcross populations ( rT = 0.827; P ≤0.001), a common mechanism is indicated. PI 134417 also possesses a L. decemlineata resistance component associated with the foliar lamellae which causes extensive mortality (98%) of late instars and pupae compared with beetles reared on foliage of the commercial tomato cultivar ‘Walter’ (x mortality, 57%). F1 plants from crosses between ‘Walter’ and PI 134417 were shown to lack the trichome-mediated component of resistance to L. decemlineata but to possess significant levels of the lamella-based resistance component (x mortality, 89%). Thus, the lamella-based and trichome-mediated resistance components are under separate genetic control.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Economic Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Sorenson, C. E. and Fery, R. L. and Kennedy, G. G.}, year={1989}, month={Dec}, pages={1743–1748} }