@article{salem_debnath_agate_arafat_jameel_lucia_pal_2024, title={Development of multifunctional sustainable packaging from acetylated cellulose micro-nanofibrils (CMNF)}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2666-8939"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100421}, abstractNote={Cellulose micro-nanofibrils (CMNF) with different fibrillation levels were partially acetylated while preserving their morphological and native crystalline structure. The morphological changes due to fibrillation and chemical modification were observed using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and optical profilometry. The change in tensile and burst strength, barrier, and biodegradability profile were investigated which revealed that the mechanical properties of the unmodified CMNF films increased with increase in extent of fibrillation. However, the mechanical strength of the acetylated film decreased with the increase in degree of acetylation. The stretching or folding property of the film increased with the increase in both the fibrillation and acetylation. The contact angle value increased due to a higher degree of fibrillation and acetylation because they increased the hydrophobicity and consequently enhanced the air and water vapor resistance of the unmodified and modified CNF films. Furthermore, all films exhibited the highest resistance against oil and grease, and the biodegradability test substantiated that CNF films were compostable in soil. In total, this work expresses new pathways to enhance the barrier properties of biodegradable CNF films by regulating the degree of fibrillation and acetylation, thus can emerge as sustainable alternatives to for packaging and agriculture applications.}, journal={CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS}, author={Salem, Khandoker Samaher and Debnath, Mrittika and Agate, Sachin and Arafat, Kazi Md. Yasin and Jameel, Hasan and Lucia, Lucian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{agate_lucia_pal_2024, title={Sustainable bioelectronics fabrication through photo-induced swelling of green hydrogels}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2772-9494"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.mtelec.2023.100088}, abstractNote={Electrical circuit manufacture for flexible electronics is a very specialized printing process in which electrically functional inks are printed onto a substrate. In almost all cases, the substrate assumes a passive role in ink distribution, which has been the conventional methodology used up until now. Herein we have discovered that a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) hydrogel substrate demonstrates heightened susceptibility to UV photo-irradiating and because of molecular-level bond lability that leads to a macroscopic improved swelling ("writing" action). The localized photo-activated events lead to temporary 3D contours on the hydrogel substrate where conductive ink is held in valleys to allow the formation of conductive traces. A self-distribution of ink in the valleys is achieved which, moreover, is a type of mask-based photolithography or digital image generation. The process can be employed for polymeric inks such as PEDOT:PSS to obtain ink patterns without need of complex inkjet printers or other conventional printers. The drying causes recession of the temporary swollen hydrogel contours and returns the surface to flattened format. The process works at lower ink solids of 0.125% and has shown that 1.15 J/mm2 of UV energy is capable of creating an electrically isolated conductive pattern. Initial water content of the system plays an important role in which 20 g/g of absorbed water/substrate is sufficient for acceptable pattern generation.}, journal={MATERIALS TODAY ELECTRONICS}, author={Agate, Sachin and Lucia, Lucian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2024}, month={May} }
 @article{pirzada_affokpon_guenther_mathew_agate_blevins_byrd_sit_koenning_davis_et al._2023, title={Plant-biomass-based hybrid seed wraps mitigate yield and post-harvest losses among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa}, volume={4}, ISSN={2662-1355}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43016-023-00695-z}, DOI={10.1038/s43016-023-00695-z}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Nature Food}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Pirzada, Tahira and Affokpon, Antoine and Guenther, Richard H. and Mathew, Reny and Agate, Sachin and Blevins, Aitana and Byrd, Medwick V. and Sit, Tim L. and Koenning, Stephen R. and Davis, Eric L. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Feb}, pages={148–159} }
 @misc{agate_williams_dougherty_velev_pal_2023, title={Polymer Color Intelligence: Effect of Materials, Instruments, and Measurement Techniques - A Review}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2470-1343"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c08252}, DOI={10.1021/acsomega.2c08252}, abstractNote={Transparent polymers and plastics are used to create molded parts and films for many applications. The colors of these products are of great importance for the suppliers, manufacturers, and end-users. However, for simplicity of the processing, the plastics are produced in the form of small pellets or granules. The predictive measurement of the color of such materials is a challenging process and needs consideration of a complex set of factors. A combination of color measurement systems in transmittance and reflectance modes need to be used for such materials, along with the techniques for minimizing the artifacts based on surface texture and particle sizes. This article provides an extensive overview and discussion of the various factors that can affect the perceptive colors and the methods used for the characterization of the colors and minimizing the measuring artifacts.}, number={26}, journal={ACS OMEGA}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Agate, Sachin and Williams, Austin and Dougherty, Joseph and Velev, Orlin D. and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2023}, month={Jun}, pages={23257–23270} }
 @misc{tyagi_agate_velev_lucia_pal_2022, title={A Critical Review of the Performance and Soil Biodegradability Profiles of Biobased Natural and Chemically Synthesized Polymers in Industrial Applications}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1520-5851"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04710}, DOI={10.1021/acs.est.1c04710}, abstractNote={This review explores biobased polymers for industrial applications, their end fate, and most importantly, origin and key aspects enabling soil biodegradation. The physicochemical properties of biobased synthetic and natural polymers and the primary factors governing degradation are explored. Current and future biobased systems and factors allowing for equivalent comparisons of degradation and possible sources for engineering improved biodegradation are reviewed. Factors impacting ultraviolet (UV) stability of biopolymers have been described including methods to enhance photoresistance and impact on biodegradation. It discusses end-fate of biopolymers in soil and impact of residues on soil health. A limited number of studies examine side effects (e.g., microbial toxicity) from soil biodegradation of composites and biopolymers. Currently available standards for biodegradation and composting have been described with limitations and scope for improvements. Finally, design considerations and implications for sustainable polymers used, under consideration, and to be considered within the context of a rational biodegradable strategy are elaborated.}, number={4}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Tyagi, Preeti and Agate, Sachin and Velev, Orlin D. and Lucia, Lucian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2022}, month={Feb}, pages={2071–2095} }
 @misc{sun_agate_salem_lucia_pal_2021, title={Hydrogel-Based Sensor Networks: Compositions, Properties, and Applications-A Review}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2576-6422"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c01011}, DOI={10.1021/acsabm.0c01011}, abstractNote={Hydrogels are three-dimensional porous polymeric networks prepared by physical or chemical cross-linking of hydrophilic molecules, which can be made into smart materials through judicious chemical modifications to recognize external stimuli; more specifically, this can be accomplished by the integration with stimuli-responsive polymers or sensing molecules that has drawn considerable attention in their possible roles as sensors and diagnostic tools. They can be tailored in different structures and integrated into systems, depending on their chemical and physical structure, sensitivity to the external stimuli and biocompatibility. A panoramic overview of the sensing advances in the field of hydrogels over the past several decades focusing on a variety protocols of hydrogel preparations is provided, with a major focus on natural polymers. The modifications of hydrogel composites by incorporating inorganic nanoparticles and organic polymeric compounds for sensor applications and their mechanisms are also discussed.}, number={1}, journal={ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Sun, Xiaohang and Agate, Sachin and Salem, Khandoker Samaher and Lucia, Lucian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={140–162} }
 @article{gutierrez_agate_venditti_pal_2021, title={Study of
            <scp>tobacco‐derived
            proteins in paper coatings}, volume={112}, ISSN={0006-3525 1097-0282}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.23425}, DOI={10.1002/bip.23425}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={Biopolymers}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Gutierrez, Joseph N. and Agate, Sachin and Venditti, Richard A. and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2021}, month={Apr} }
 @article{agate_argyropoulos_jameel_lucia_pal_2020, title={3D Photoinduced Spatiotemporal Resolution of Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Fabrication of Biomedical Devices}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2576-6422"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c00517}, DOI={10.1021/acsabm.0c00517}, abstractNote={Rational spatiotemporal irradiation of cellulose-based hydrogels (carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), citric acid, and riboflavin) using a laser diode stereolithography 3D printer obtained architectures referred to as photodegradation addressable hydrogels (PAHs). Under irradiation, these PAHs engage in an unprecedented spatially resolved zonal swelling illustrating marked but controllable changes in swelling and thickness while concomitantly obtaining improved oxygen transmission rate values by 5 times. XPS, carboxyl content, and swelling data comparisons of hydrogel formulations show that photodegradation and ablation of the material occur, where hydroxyl sites of CMC are converted to aldehydes and ketones. XRD data show that the total number of crystalline aggregates in the material are lowered after photoablation. The spatially tuned (photoablated) hydrogel films can thus be shaped into a lens form. The energy required for the lens tuning process can be lowered up to 30 times by incorporation of riboflavin in the films. The method demonstrated here enables the processing of a material that is difficult to be machined or cast by popular contact lens making methods.}, number={8}, journal={ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Agate, Sachin and Argyropoulos, Dimitris S. and Jameel, Hasan and Lucia, Lucian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={5007–5019} }
 @article{sun_tyagi_agate_mccord_lucia_pal_2020, title={Highly tunable bioadhesion and optics of 3D printable PNIPAm/cellulose nanofibrils hydrogels}, volume={234}, ISSN={0144-8617}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115898}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115898}, abstractNote={A hybrid poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm)/cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) hydrogel composite was fabricated by inverted stereolithography 3D printing to provide a new platform for regulating lower critical solution temperature (LCST) properties and thus tuning optical and bioadhesive properties. The phenomena of interest in the as-printed PNIPAm/CNF hydrogels may be attributed to the fiber-reinforced composite system between crosslinked PNIPAm and CNFs. The optical tunability was found to be correlated to the micro/nano structures of the PNIPAm/CNF hydrogel films. It was found that PNIPAm/CNF hydrogels exhibit switchable bioadhesivity to bacteria in response to CNF distribution in the hydrogels. After 2.0 wt% CNF was incorporated, it was found that a remarkable 8°C reduction of the LCST was achieved relative to PNIPAm hydrogel crosslinked by TEGDMA without CNF. The prepared PNIPAm/CNF hydrogels possessed highly reversible optical, bioadhesion, and thermal performance, making them suitable to be used as durable temperature-sensitive sensors and functional biomedical devices.}, journal={Carbohydrate Polymers}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sun, Xiaohang and Tyagi, Preeti and Agate, Sachin and McCord, Marian G. and Lucia, Lucian A. and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={115898} }
 @article{agate_tyagi_naithani_lucia_pal_2020, title={Innovating Generation of Nanocellulose from Industrial Hemp by Dual Asymmetric Centrifugation}, volume={8}, ISSN={2168-0485 2168-0485}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05992}, DOI={10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05992}, abstractNote={Among nanobiomaterials, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) possessing intrinsically appealing fiber dimensions on the nanometer scale and biocompatibility feature arguably the greatest potential for a var...}, number={4}, journal={ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Agate, Sachin and Tyagi, Preeti and Naithani, Ved and Lucia, Lucian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2020}, month={Jan}, pages={1850–1858} }
 @article{tyagi_joyce_agate_hubbe_pal_2019, title={Citrus-based hydrocolloids: A water retention aid and rheology modifier for paper coatings}, volume={18}, ISSN={0734-1415}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj18.7.443}, DOI={10.32964/TJ18.7.443}, abstractNote={The rheological and dewatering behavior of an aqueous pigmented coating system not only affects the machine runnability but also affects the product quality. The current study describes the use of natural hydrocolloids derived from citrus peel fibers as a rheology modifier in paper coating applications. The results were compared with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a typical paper coating system. Water retention of the coating formulation was increased by 56% with citrus peel fibers compared to a default coating, and it also was higher than a CMCcontaining coating. The Brookfield viscosity of paper coatings was found to increase with citrus peel fibers. Compared to CMC, different citrus peel fibers containing coating recipes were able to achieve similar or higher water retention values, with no change or a slight increase in viscosity. Coatings were applied on linerboard using the Mayer rod-coating method, and all basic properties of paper were measured to assess the impact of citrus peel fiber on the functional value of the coatings. Paper properties were improved with coated paper containing citrus peel fibers, including brightness, porosity, smoothness, surface bonding strength, and ink absorption.}, number={7}, journal={July 2019}, publisher={TAPPI}, author={Tyagi, Preeti and Joyce, Michael and Agate, Sachin and Hubbe, Martin and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={443–450} }
 @article{sun_tyagi_agate_lucia_mccord_pal_2019, title={Unique thermo-responsivity and tunable optical performance of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-cellulose nanocrystal hydrogel films}, volume={208}, ISSN={0144-8617}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.067}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.067}, abstractNote={A hybrid materials system to modulate lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and moisture content for thermo-responsivity and optical tunability was strategically developed by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogel matrix. The PNIPAm/CNC hydrogel films exhibit tunable optical properties and wavelength bandpass selectivity as characterized by PROBE Spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Importantly, the micro/nano structures of the PNIPAm/CNC hydrogel films were completely different when dried below and above the LCST. Below the LCST, PNIPAm/CNC hydrogel films exhibit transparency or semi-transparency due to the uniform bonding of hydrophilic PNIPAm and CNC through hydrogen bonds. Above the LCST, the hydrogel films engage in both hydrophobic PNIPAm and hydrophilic CNC interactions due to changes in PNIPAm conformation which lead to light scattering effects and hence opacity. Furthermore, the incorporation of CNC induces a ∼ 15 °C reduction of the LCST relative to pure PNIPAm hydrogel films.}, journal={Carbohydrate Polymers}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sun, Xiaohang and Tyagi, Preeti and Agate, Sachin and Lucia, Lucian and McCord, Marian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={495–503} }
 @article{agate_joyce_lucia_pal_2018, title={Cellulose and nanocellulose-based flexible-hybrid printed electronics and conductive composites – A review}, volume={198}, ISSN={0144-8617}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.045}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.045}, abstractNote={Flexible-hybrid printed electronics (FHPE) is a rapidly growing discipline that may be described as the precise imprinting of electrically functional traces and components onto a substrate such as paper to create functional electronic devices. The mass production of low-cost devices and components such as environmental sensors, bio-sensors, actuators, lab on chip (LOCs), radio frequency identification (RFID) smart tags, light emitting diodes (LEDs), smart fabrics and labels, wallpaper, solar cells, fuel cells, and batteries are major driving factors for the industry. Using renewable and bio-friendly materials would be advantageous for both manufacturers and consumers with the increased use of (FHPE) electronics in our daily lives. This review article describes recent developments in cellulose and nanocellulose-based materials for FHPE, and the necessary developments required to propagate their use in commercial applications. The aim of these developments is to enable the creation of FHPE devices and components made almost entirely of cellulose materials.}, journal={Carbohydrate Polymers}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Agate, Sachin and Joyce, Michael and Lucia, Lucian and Pal, Lokendra}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={249–260} }
 @article{joyce_pal_hicks_agate_williams_ray_fleming_2018, title={Custom tailoring of conductive ink/substrate properties for increased thin film deposition of poly(dimethylsiloxane) films}, volume={29}, ISSN={0957-4522 1573-482X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9108-y}, DOI={10.1007/s10854-018-9108-y}, number={12}, journal={Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Joyce, Michael and Pal, Lokendra and Hicks, Robert and Agate, Sachin and Williams, Thomas S. and Ray, Graham and Fleming, Paul D.}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={10461–10470} }
 @inproceedings{effects of paper manufacturing factors on inkjet print quality and lightfastness_2007, booktitle={Non Impact Printing 23}, year={2007} }
 @inproceedings{pal_agate_fleming p._2007, place={Springfield, VA}, title={Effects of Paper Manufacturing Factors on Inkjet Print Quality and Lightfastness NIP 23}, booktitle={NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference, 2007 International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies}, publisher={Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, author={Pal, L. and Agate, S. and Fleming P., D}, year={2007} }