@article{porter_2024, title={Understanding the counterfactual approach to instrumental variables: a practical guide}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1876-407X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12564-024-09982-1}, journal={ASIA PACIFIC EDUCATION REVIEW}, author={Porter, Stephen}, year={2024}, month={Jul} }
 @article{umbach_porter_willis_2023, title={Effects of the Pandemic on Faculty at Public Research Universities}, volume={125}, ISSN={["1467-9620"]}, DOI={10.1177/01614681231222722}, abstractNote={ We provide results from the first national survey of research university faculty on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on research productivity and tenure and promotion plans. Our analytic sample consists of almost 4,000 tenured and tenure-line faculty from 31 research universities. A large majority of faculty report disruptions to research due to the pandemic, with time spent moving instruction online listed as the most common cause (80%), followed by travel restrictions (80%) and inability to focus attention (66%). Although the extent of research disruption varied across academic disciplines, the reasons for disruptions were remarkably similar across disciplines. Forty-two percent of junior faculty stated they were likely to extend their tenure clocks due to the pandemic. }, number={10}, journal={TEACHERS COLLEGE RECORD}, author={Umbach, Paul D. and Porter, Stephen R. and Willis, Chris}, year={2023}, month={Oct}, pages={131–143} }
 @article{takei_porter_umbach_nakano_2023, title={Understanding Themes in Postsecondary Research Using Topic Modeling and Journal Abstracts}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1573-188X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11162-023-09761-8}, journal={RESEARCH IN HIGHER EDUCATION}, author={Takei, Mio and Porter, Stephen R. and Umbach, Paul D. and Nakano, Junji}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{liebfreund_porter_amendum_starcke_2022, title={USING AN ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FOR DATA-DRIVEN REFORM: Effects of mCLASS on Third-Grade Reading Test Scores and Special Education Placement}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85123945647&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1086/717952}, abstractNote={The present study employed a difference-in-difference approach to determine the impact of a technologically enhanced diagnostic and formative assessment system implemented in one US state in kindergarten through third grade on school-level end-of-year third-grade reading test scores and percentage of students receiving special education services. Data were obtained for 795 elementary schools that implemented the assessment system in a staggered progression across multiple years. The analysis estimated the effect of the assessment system on the entire third-grade sample, and by selected demographic characteristics. Results showed no effect of the assessment system on average end-of-year reading scores or school-level percentage of students receiving special education services. Follow-up models including time and fidelity information also obtained null results overall. Given the null, schools should consider modifications to the ways they obtain, manage, and use assessment data.}, journal={Elementary School Journal}, author={Liebfreund, M.D. and Porter, S.R. and Amendum, S.J. and Starcke, M.A.}, year={2022} }
 @article{egalite_stallings_porter_2020, title={An Analysis of the Effects of North Carolina's Opportunity Scholarship Program on Student Achievement}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2332-8584"]}, DOI={10.1177/2332858420912347}, abstractNote={ The North Carolina Opportunity Scholarship Program is a private school voucher program that provides state-funded vouchers worth up to $4,200 to eligible students entering kindergarten through 12th grade. Because the public and private school sectors administer different assessments, we recruited approximately 700 students to take a common, nationally normed, standardized test. Matching on baseline achievement and rich demographic data, we use a quasi-experimental inverse propensity weighting approach to maximize comparability between the public and private school student samples. Our preferred specification examines first-year effects for new Opportunity Scholarship students, revealing positive estimates of .36 SD in math and .44 SD in language; there is no effect on reading scores. Results for renewal students are statistically significant in language scores only. In further analyses, we estimate separate effects for private schools that regularly administer another version of the assessment used in this study, the Iowa Test of Basic Skills. We conclude by discussing policy implications. }, number={1}, journal={AERA OPEN}, author={Egalite, Anna J. and Stallings, D. T. and Porter, Stephen R.}, year={2020}, month={Jan} }
 @inproceedings{takei_porter_umbach_nakano_2020, title={Understanding themes in postsecondary research using topic modeling and journal abstracts}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85107232612&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1109/IIAI-AAI50415.2020.00074}, abstractNote={We use topic modeling to determine the main areas of research in the literature on postsecondary education during the past 25 years, by analyzing journal article abstracts from three top postsecondary journals. Our approach requires the development of custom stopword and lemmatization lists. We illustrate the use of graphs to help understand the meaning of topics.}, booktitle={Proceedings - 2020 9th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics, IIAI-AAI 2020}, author={Takei, M. and Porter, S.R. and Umbach, P.D. and Nakano, J.}, year={2020}, pages={332–335} }
 @article{matt starcke_porter_2019, title={Do student conduct administrators discriminate against black students? An analysis of drug sanctions using vignettes}, volume={42}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85059317704&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1353/rhe.2019.0014}, abstractNote={Recent scholarly work indicates Black students in K-12 are significantly more likely to be suspended or expelled than their White peers. However, little empirical work exists in the post-secondary environment, raising questions about the discrimination Black students encounter in the university student conduct process. This study explored racial disparities in postsecondary student discipline through the use of vignettes randomly assigned to a national sample of student conduct administrators. Our vignettes asked administrators to recommend student conduct sanctions for individuals found responsible for marijuana violations. Vignettes differed only in the student name provided, and names were purposely selected to suggest a particular racial identity. We found no pattern of racial bias in sanction assignments given to Black students compared to White students, nor did we observe differences in the total number of sanctions assigned.}, number={2}, journal={Review of Higher Education}, author={Matt Starcke, M. and Porter, S.R.}, year={2019}, pages={765–792} }
 @article{adams_carrier_minogue_porter_mceachin_walkowiak_zulli_2017, title={The development and validation of the Instructional Practices Log in Science: a measure of K-5 science instruction}, volume={39}, ISSN={0950-0693 1464-5289}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2017.1282183}, DOI={10.1080/09500693.2017.1282183}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The Instructional Practices Log in Science (IPL-S) is a daily teacher log developed for K-5 teachers to self-report their science instruction. The items on the IPL-S are grouped into scales measuring five dimensions of science instruction: Low-level Sense-making, High-level Sense-making, Communication, Integrated Practices, and Basic Practices. As part of the current validation study, 206 elementary teachers completed 4137 daily log entries. The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence of validity for the IPL-S’s scales, including (a) support for the theoretical framework; (b) cognitive interviews with logging teachers; (c) item descriptive statistics; (d) comparisons of 28 pairs of teacher and rater logs; and (e) an examination of the internal structure of the IPL-S. We present evidence to describe the extent to which the items and the scales are completed accurately by teachers and differentiate various types of science instructional strategies employed by teachers. Finally, we point to several practical implications of our work and potential uses for the IPL-S. Overall, results provide neutral to positive support for the validity of the groupings of items or scales.}, number={3}, journal={International Journal of Science Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Adams, Elizabeth L. and Carrier, Sarah J. and Minogue, James and Porter, Stephen R. and McEachin, Andrew and Walkowiak, Temple A. and Zulli, Rebecca A.}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={335–357} }
 @article{rosen_porter_rogers_2017, title={Understanding Student Self-Reports of Academic Performance and Course-Taking Behavior}, volume={3}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332858417711427}, DOI={10.1177/2332858417711427}, abstractNote={In recent years, student surveys have played an increasingly large role in educational research, policy making, and, particularly, accountability efforts. However, research on the accuracy of students’ self-reports about themselves and their education is limited to analyses of overall grade point average and ACT/SAT standardized test scores. Using a unique data set, we investigate the accuracy of students’ survey responses to questions about their course taking and grades in mathematics during high school. We then analyze which student and survey characteristics influence accuracy. We find that students are reasonably good reporters of course-taking patterns but poor reporters of more potentially sensitive questions, including when the student completed Algebra I and the grade earned in the course. We find that lack of accuracy in student survey reports is consistently related to several student characteristics.}, number={2}, journal={AERA Open}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Rosen, Jeffrey A. and Porter, Stephen R. and Rogers, Jim}, year={2017}, month={Apr}, pages={233285841771142} }
 @article{porter_conzelmann_2017, title={Strategic Use of FAFSA List Information by Colleges}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1573-188X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84983537848&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s11162-016-9436-9}, number={5}, journal={RESEARCH IN HIGHER EDUCATION}, author={Porter, Stephen R. and Conzelmann, Johnathan G.}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={568–579} }
 @article{porter_2013, title={THE CAUSAL EFFECT OF FACULTY UNIONS ON INSTITUTIONAL DECISION-MAKING}, volume={66}, ISSN={["2162-271X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84889584108&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/001979391306600508}, abstractNote={The author's goal in this article is to estimate the causal effect of unionization on institutional decision-making, using a national survey of presidents and faculty senate leaders to measure the level of shared governance at 341 public universities in 15 different areas. To handle the endogeneity of faculty unionization, an index of state employee collective bargaining rights is used as an instrument for unionization. Findings indicate that unionization greatly increases faculty influence over institutional decision-making, both in compensation and in areas outside of compensation.}, number={5}, journal={ILR REVIEW}, author={Porter, Stephen R.}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={1192–1211} }
 @article{porter_2013, title={Self-Reported Learning Gains: A Theory and Test of College Student Survey Response}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1573-188X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84874227568&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s11162-012-9277-0}, number={2}, journal={RESEARCH IN HIGHER EDUCATION}, author={Porter, Stephen R.}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={201–226} }
 @article{porter_2011, title={Do College Student Surveys Have Any Validity?}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1090-7009"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052554633&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1353/rhe.2011.0034}, abstractNote={Using standards established for validation research, I review the theory and evidence underlying the validity argument of the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE). I use the NSSE because it is the preeminent survey of college students, arguing that if it lacks validity, then so do almost all other college student surveys. I find that it fails to meet basic standards for validity and reliability, and recommend that higher education researchers initiate a new research agenda to develop valid college student surveys.}, number={1}, journal={REVIEW OF HIGHER EDUCATION}, author={Porter, Stephen R.}, year={2011}, pages={45-+} }
 @article{porter_rumann_pontius_2011, title={The validity of student engagement survey questions: Can we accurately measure academic challenge?}, volume={2011}, ISSN={0271-0579}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ir.391}, DOI={10.1002/ir.391}, abstractNote={AbstractThis chapter examines the validity of several questions about academic challenge taken from the National Survey of Student Engagement. We compare student self‐reports about the number of books assigned to the same number derived from course syllabi, finding little relationship between the two measures.}, number={150}, journal={New Directions for Institutional Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Porter, Stephen R. and Rumann, Corey and Pontius, Jason}, year={2011}, month={Jun}, pages={87–98} }
 @article{mahoney_kumar_porter_2008, title={Effect of visual impairment upon oral health care: a review}, volume={204}, ISSN={0007-0610 1476-5373}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bdj.2008.2}, DOI={10.1038/bdj.2008.2}, abstractNote={The incidence of visual impairment is increasing globally and in the United Kingdom due to local and systemic disease, medical advances, and the increasing age of population groups. Despite there being a large number of people resident in the UK with a visual impairment, there is little information available regarding the dental health care and needs of such individuals. As reported in other groups of patients with special needs, many individuals with a visual impairment may only seek oral health care when a problem arises, such as pain. Visual impairment may have a negative effect upon oral hygiene with many blind and partially sighted individuals having worse oral hygiene than sighted peers. This review article was undertaken to examine the literature relating to visual impairment, oral health and dental care. This article will discuss the dental aspects of visual impairment, its implications for obtaining dental care, associated oral conditions and medical complications.}, number={2}, journal={British Dental Journal}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Mahoney, E. K. and Kumar, N. and Porter, S. R.}, year={2008}, month={Jan}, pages={63–67} }
 @article{pay inequities for recently hired faculty, 1988-2004_2008, volume={31}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-47549115484&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={4}, journal={Review of Higher Education}, year={2008}, pages={465–487} }
 @article{porter_2007, title={A Closer Look at Faculty Service: What Affects Participation on Committees?}, volume={78}, ISSN={1538-4640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhe.2007.0027}, DOI={10.1080/00221546.2007.11772328}, abstractNote={Research suggests that females and faculty of color perform more service than their White male counterparts. This article uses the 1999 NSOPF survey and regression models for count data to investigate committee participation and hours spent on committee work by different demographic groups. Analyses reveal few differences in rates of service.}, number={5}, journal={The Journal of Higher Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Porter, Stephen R.}, year={2007}, pages={523–541} }
 @article{porter_2007, title={A closer look at Faculty Service: What affects participation on committees?}, volume={78}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34548609153&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1353/jhe.2007.0027}, abstractNote={Research suggests that females and faculty of color perform more service than their White male counterparts. This article uses the 1999 NSOPF survey and regression models for count data to investigate committee participation and hours spent on committee work by different demographic groups. Analyses reveal few differences in rates of service.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Higher Education}, author={Porter, S.R.}, year={2007}, pages={523–541} }
 @article{porter_whitcomb_2007, title={Mixed-mode contacts in web surveys}, volume={71}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-36549039568&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1093/poq/nfm038}, abstractNote={Journal Article Mixed-Mode Contacts In Web Surveys: Paper is Not Necessarily Better Get access Stephen R. Porter, Stephen R. Porter e-mail:Address correspondence to Stephen R. Porter; e-mail: srporter@iastate.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michael E. Whitcomb Michael E. Whitcomb Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 71, Issue 4, Winter 2007, Pages 635–648, https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfm038 Published: 01 January 2007}, number={4}, journal={Public Opinion Quarterly}, author={Porter, S.R. and Whitcomb, M.E.}, year={2007}, pages={635–648} }
 @article{porter_pryor_2007, title={The effects of heavy episodic alcohol use on student engagement, academic performance, and time use}, volume={48}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34547828317&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1353/csd.2007.0042}, abstractNote={Alcohol use literature has linked heavy episodic alcohol use and academic consequences, but has not examined the influence of such use on student engagement. This study uses survey data from over 40,000 students at 28 selective private colleges and universities to examine the connection between heavy episodic alcohol use and engagement. The strongest negative effects of heavy episodic drinking are on student–faculty interaction, with these effects most common at research universities and less common at coed colleges and women's colleges.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of College Student Development}, author={Porter, S.R. and Pryor, J.}, year={2007}, pages={455–467} }
 @article{porter_umbach_2006, title={COLLEGE MAJOR CHOICE: An Analysis of Person–Environment Fit}, volume={47}, ISSN={0361-0365 1573-188X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11162-005-9002-3}, DOI={10.1007/s11162-005-9002-3}, number={4}, journal={Research in Higher Education}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Porter, Stephen R. and Umbach, Paul D.}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={429–449} }
 @article{porter_2006, title={Institutional Structures and Student Engagement}, volume={47}, ISSN={0361-0365 1573-188X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11162-005-9006-z}, DOI={10.1007/s11162-005-9006-z}, number={5}, journal={Research in Higher Education}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Porter, Stephen R.}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={521–558} }
 @article{porter_toutkoushian_2006, title={Institutional research productivity and the connection to average student quality and overall reputation}, volume={25}, ISSN={0272-7757}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.06.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.06.003}, abstractNote={We posit that institutions of higher education attempt to maximize their reputation, and that an institution's reputation, research output, and average student quality are determined simultaneously. Because these outputs are produced jointly, three-stage least squares is used to estimate the parameters of the model. We find that faculty research productivity is positively related to reputation but negatively related to student quality at research universities, but that reputation and student quality have little impact on research productivity at liberal arts colleges.}, number={6}, journal={Economics of Education Review}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Porter, Stephen R. and Toutkoushian, Robert K.}, year={2006}, month={Dec}, pages={605–617} }
 @article{porter_umbach_2006, title={Student Survey Response Rates across Institutions: Why Do they Vary?}, volume={47}, ISSN={0361-0365 1573-188X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11162-005-8887-1}, DOI={10.1007/s11162-005-8887-1}, number={2}, journal={Research in Higher Education}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Porter, Stephen R. and Umbach, Paul D.}, year={2006}, month={Mar}, pages={229–247} }
 @article{porter_swing_2006, title={Understanding How First-year Seminars Affect Persistence}, volume={47}, ISSN={0361-0365 1573-188X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11162-005-8153-6}, DOI={10.1007/s11162-005-8153-6}, abstractNote={First-year seminars are nearly ubiquitous fixtures in American higher education, and research has documented their positive effect on student persistence. Only limited research, however, has attempted to isolate the impact of various aspects of first-year seminars on persistence, especially on a cross-institutional basis. We use a survey of almost 20,000 first-year students at 45 four-year institutions combined with institutional-level data to understand how aspects of first-year seminars affect early intentions to persist. Because survey respondents are grouped within dissimilar institutions, we use a multilevel modeling approach to model intent to persist.}, number={1}, journal={Research in Higher Education}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Porter, Stephen R. and Swing, Randy L.}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={89–109} }
 @article{porter_whitcomb_2005, title={E-mail subject lines and their effect on web survey viewing and response}, volume={23}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-23444455651&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/0894439305275912}, abstractNote={This article investigates the effect of e-mail subject lines on survey viewing and survey response. Using two samples of students (low involvement with the survey sponsor and high involvement with the survey sponsor), the authors tested a variety of combinations of subject lines: the reason for the e-mail contact (survey), the sponsor of the e-mail (Liberal Arts University), a plea for help (request for assistance), and a blank subject line. The authors found a modest effect of subject line for the low-involvement sample, with blank subject lines yielding the highest response.}, number={3}, journal={Social Science Computer Review}, author={Porter, S.R. and Whitcomb, M.E.}, year={2005}, pages={380–387} }
 @article{porter_whitcomb_2005, title={Non-response in student surveys: The Role of Demographics, Engagement and Personality}, volume={46}, ISSN={0361-0365 1573-188X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11162-004-1597-2}, DOI={10.1007/s11162-004-1597-2}, number={2}, journal={Research in Higher Education}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Porter, Stephen R. and Whitcomb, Michael E.}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={127–152} }
 @article{porter_2005, title={Oral health sensations associated with illicit drug abuse}, volume={198}, ISSN={0007-0610 1476-5373}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4812045}, DOI={10.1038/sj.bdj.4812045}, number={3}, journal={British Dental Journal}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Porter, S}, year={2005}, month={Jan}, pages={147–147} }
 @article{porter_2005, title={Survey research policies: An emerging issue for higher education}, volume={2005}, ISSN={0271-0579 1536-075X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ir.152}, DOI={10.1002/ir.152}, abstractNote={AbstractIn recent years, college administrators have become concerned with survey fatigue among students and declining response rates. Some campuses have responded by implementing policies about who can conduct surveys and which topics are permitted. This chapter describes the development of such policies and provides valuable suggestions to campus administrators.}, number={127}, journal={New Directions for Institutional Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Porter, Stephen R.}, year={2005}, pages={5–15} }
 @article{whitcomb_porter_2004, title={E-mail contacts: A test of complex graphical designs in survey research}, volume={22}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-3242701686&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/0894439304263590}, abstractNote={A web survey of high school students was used to understand how the visual design of the e-mail contact affects survey response. Respondents were contacted with one of six e-mail designs that varied by format (text vs. HTML), color of background (white vs. black), and graphical design (simple vs. complex). The results indicate that e-mails with nonwhite backgrounds and complex graphical designs can suppress response rates more than 5 percentage points.}, number={3}, journal={Social Science Computer Review}, author={Whitcomb, M.E. and Porter, S.R.}, year={2004}, pages={370–376} }
 @article{porter_whitcomb_weitzer_2004, title={Multiple surveys of students and survey fatigue}, volume={2004}, ISSN={0271-0579 1536-075X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ir.101}, DOI={10.1002/ir.101}, abstractNote={AbstractThis chapter reviews the literature on survey fatigue and summarizes a research project that indicates that administering multiple surveys in one academic year can significantly suppress response rates in later surveys.}, number={121}, journal={New Directions for Institutional Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Porter, Stephen R. and Whitcomb, Michael E. and Weitzer, William H.}, year={2004}, pages={63–73} }
 @article{porter_2004, title={Pros and cons of paper and electronic surveys}, volume={2004}, ISSN={0271-0579 1536-075X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ir.103}, DOI={10.1002/ir.103}, abstractNote={AbstractThis chapter describes the different types of paper and electronic surveys currently available and their costs and benefits in terms of equipment and printing costs, demands on staff time, and ease of use.}, number={121}, journal={New Directions for Institutional Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Porter, Stephen R.}, year={2004}, pages={91–97} }
 @article{porter_2004, title={Raising response rates: What works?}, volume={2004}, ISSN={0271-0579 1536-075X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ir.97}, DOI={10.1002/ir.97}, abstractNote={AbstractThis chapter discusses the theoretical literature on why people choose to respond to a survey and reviews the latest empirical research on how survey administration and the characteristics of a survey affect response rates.}, number={121}, journal={New Directions for Institutional Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Porter, Stephen R.}, year={2004}, pages={5–21} }
 @article{porter_whitcomb_2004, title={Understanding the effect of prizes on response rates}, volume={2004}, ISSN={0271-0579 1536-075X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ir.100}, DOI={10.1002/ir.100}, abstractNote={AbstractA controlled experiment is used in a survey of high school students to investigate the effect on response rates of prizes awarded for responding to a survey.}, number={121}, journal={New Directions for Institutional Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Porter, Stephen R. and Whitcomb, Michael E.}, year={2004}, pages={51–62} }
 @article{porter_whitcomb_2003, title={The impact of contact type on web survey response rates}, volume={67}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1642371055&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1086/378964}, abstractNote={Journal Article The Impact of Contact Type on Web Survey Response Rates Get access STEPHEN R. PORTER, STEPHEN R. PORTER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MICHAEL E. WHITCOMB MICHAEL E. WHITCOMB Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 67, Issue 4, February 2003, Pages 579–588, https://doi.org/10.1086/378964 Published: 01 February 2003}, number={4}, journal={Public Opinion Quarterly}, author={Porter, S.R. and Whitcomb, M.E.}, year={2003}, pages={579–588} }
 @article{porter_whitcomb_2003, title={The impact of lottery incentives on student survey response rates}, volume={44}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0345863485&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1023/A:1024263031800}, number={4}, journal={Research in Higher Education}, author={Porter, S.R. and Whitcomb, M.E.}, year={2003}, pages={389–407} }
 @article{toutkoushian_porter_danielson_hollis_2003, title={Using publications counts to measure an institution's research productivity}, volume={44}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0347124803&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1023/A:1022070227966}, number={2}, journal={Research in Higher Education}, author={Toutkoushian, R.K. and Porter, S.R. and Danielson, C. and Hollis, P.R.}, year={2003}, pages={121–148} }
 @article{umbach_porter_2002, title={How do academic departments impact student satisfaction? Understanding the contextual effects of departments}, volume={43}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0141625838&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1023/A:1014471708162}, number={2}, journal={Research in Higher Education}, author={Umbach, P.D. and Porter, S.R.}, year={2002}, pages={209–234} }
 @article{porter_umbach_2001, title={Analyzing faculty workload data using multilevel modeling}, volume={42}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035315282&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1023/A:1026573503271}, number={2}, journal={Research in Higher Education}, author={Porter, S.R. and Umbach, P.D.}, year={2001}, pages={171–196} }
 @article{bushe_sunshine_lalman_porter_schepps_1999, title={The employment experience of the graduates of 1996}, volume={43}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032997903&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/S0360-3016(98)00384-8}, number={2}, journal={International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics}, author={Bushe, G.R. and Sunshine, J.H. and Lalman, D. and Porter, S. and Schepps, B.}, year={1999}, pages={241–243} }
 @article{lalman_porter_sunshine_busheé_schepps_1998, title={Initial employment experience of 1996 graduates of diagnostic radiology and radiation oncology training programs}, volume={171}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031825358&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2214/ajr.171.2.9694440}, abstractNote={The American College of Radiology sought to detail the initial employment experience of 1996 diagnostic radiology and radiation oncology graduates, the actual effect of factors expected to generate poor employment outcomes, and trends since 1995. In autumn 1996, questionnaires were mailed to all graduates; 69% responded. The results were compared with a similar survey of 1995 graduates. After graduation, 3-10% of graduates, depending on their field (diagnostic radiology or radiation oncology) and level (residency or fellowship), spent some time working as a locum tenens, working outside their field, or unemployed. However, by a year after graduation, working outside one's field and unemployment had virtually disappeared, even among graduates unable or unwilling to relocate. The Professional Bureau of the American College of Radiology was the most widely used major job search method and drew relatively favorable ratings. At least 15-22% of graduates in posttraining employment had, and disliked, one or more of 11 job characteristics many observers regard unfavorably. Most commonly, the graduates' objection was to having too few patients to remain busy. Relatively poor job outcomes were associated with having a spouse who had to find a job in the same locality as the graduate (only salaries were impaired) but not with other locational constraints, with inadequacy of a major aspect of the training program (as reported by the graduate), and with being female. Changes from 1995 were few, and median salaries were approximately the same as in 1995. The employment situation is basically stable, but salaries seem to be lagging behind inflation. Female graduates' poorer employment outcomes are worrisome, especially because studies of women in other professions generally find, unlike our study, that women start their careers even with men.}, number={2}, journal={American Journal of Roentgenology}, author={Lalman, D. and Porter, S. and Sunshine, J.H. and Busheé, G.R. and Schepps, B.}, year={1998}, pages={301–310} }