@article{metzloff_yang_dhole_clark_messer_champer_2022, title={Experimental demonstration of tethered gene drive systems for confined population modification or suppression}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1741-7007"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12915-022-01292-5}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={BMC BIOLOGY}, author={Metzloff, Matthew and Yang, Emily and Dhole, Sumit and Clark, Andrew G. and Messer, Philipp W. and Champer, Jackson}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{dhole_lloyd_gould_2020, title={Gene Drive Dynamics in Natural Populations: The Importance of Density Dependence, Space, and Sex}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1545-2069"]}, DOI={10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-031120-101013}, abstractNote={ The spread of synthetic gene drives is often discussed in the context of panmictic populations connected by gene flow and described with simple deterministic models. Under such assumptions, an entire species could be altered by releasing a single individual carrying an invasive gene drive, such as a standard homing drive. While this remains a theoretical possibility, gene drive spread in natural populations is more complex and merits a more realistic assessment. The fate of any gene drive released in a population would be inextricably linked to the population's ecology. Given the uncertainty often involved in ecological assessment of natural populations, understanding the sensitivity of gene drive spread to important ecological factors is critical. Here we review how different forms of density dependence, spatial heterogeneity, and mating behaviors can impact the spread of self-sustaining gene drives. We highlight specific aspects of gene drive dynamics and the target populations that need further research. }, number={1}, journal={ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS, VOL 51, 2020}, author={Dhole, Sumit and Lloyd, Alun L. and Gould, Fred}, year={2020}, pages={505–531} }
 @article{sudweeks_hollingsworth_blondel_campbell_dhole_eisemann_edwards_godwin_howald_oh_et al._2019, title={Locally Fixed Alleles: A method to localize gene drive to island populations}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-019-51994-0}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Sudweeks, Jaye and Hollingsworth, Brandon and Blondel, Dimitri V and Campbell, Karl J. and Dhole, Sumit and Eisemann, John D. and Edwards, Owain and Godwin, John and Howald, Gregg R. and Oh, Kevin P. and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @article{gould_dhole_lloyd_2019, title={Pest management by genetic addiction}, volume={116}, ISSN={["0027-8424"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901886116}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.1901886116}, abstractNote={In the PNAS article “Cleave and Rescue, a novel selfish genetic element and general strategy for gene drive,” Oberhofer et al. (1) describe an exciting new mechanism for enabling a transgenic sequence to increase in frequency within a sexually reproducing population, even if the transgenic sequence causes individuals bearing it to have somewhat lower fitness than those without it. The authors liken the mechanism to the “gene addiction” that can maintain a useless plasmid in a bacterium. The work of Oberhofer et al. (1) adds substantially to a growing field within genetic engineering, often termed gene drive research, in which selfish genetic elements overcome the rules of Mendelian inheritance and push transgenes into a population. While no engineered gene drives have been released into wild populations, that is the ultimate goal, and both the technical and cultural roads toward that goal have been tortuous at times.

Gene drive projects are categorized based on having one of two aims. The first is to physically link a desirable gene to a gene drive mechanism and engineer both into a viable strain of the target organism. If individuals of the strain are released into a sexually reproducing field population of that species, the DNA sequence of the drive mechanism is predicted to increase in frequency in the population and the linked, desirable gene should “hitchhike” along with it. If the population is a mosquito that transmits dengue virus, the desirable gene could be one that codes for an RNA interference molecule targeted to prevent the virus from replicating in the mosquito—thus interfering with its transmission to a person whom the mosquito subsequently bites.

Projects with the second aim are designed to suppress or eliminate a pest species, be it a mosquito, rat, roach, or crop pest. Here, the gene drive mechanism itself or … 

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: fred_gould{at}ncsu.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1}, number={13}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA}, author={Gould, Fred and Dhole, Sumit and Lloyd, Alun L.}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={5849–5851} }
 @article{dhole_lloyd_gould_2019, title={Tethered homing gene drives: A new design for spatially restricted population replacement and suppression}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1752-4571"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12827}, DOI={10.1111/eva.12827}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS}, author={Dhole, Sumit and Lloyd, Alun L. and Gould, Fred}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={1688–1702} }