2024 article
Five Challenges for Developing E-nose Standards for Annoyance and Health Complaints from Environmental Odors
2024 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE, ISOEN.
2023 article
Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: does the artificial sweetener sucralose play a role?
Schiffman, S. S., & Nagle, H. T. (2023, May). BMJ OPEN GASTROENTEROLOGY, Vol. 10.
2023 journal article
Toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties of sucralose-6-acetate and its parent sucralose: <i>in vitro</i> screening assays
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 5, 1–35.
2021 journal article
Artificial Olfaction in the 21<sup>st</sup> Century
IEEE Sensors Journal, 21(11), 12969–12990.
2021 report
White Paper - Introduction to the IEEE P2520(TM) Series of Standards on Olfaction Devices and Systems
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9652486
2020 chapter
Comparison of Taste Properties of Aspartame with Other Sweeteners
In Aspartame (pp. 207–246).
2019 journal article
Revisited: Assessing the in vivo data on low/no-calorie sweeteners and the gut microbiota
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 132, 110692.
2019 chapter book
The Aging Gustatory System
2018 article
Electronic Taste and Smell: The Case for Performance Standards
Nagle, H. T., & Schiffman, S. S. (2018, September). PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, Vol. 106, pp. 1471–1478.
2018 journal article
Influence of medications on taste and smell
World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 4(1), 84–91.
2018 journal article
Intestinal Metabolism and Bioaccumulation of Sucralose In Adipose Tissue In The Rat
JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES, 81(18), 913–923.
2017 article proceedings
Standard analytes for E-noses and E-tongues
Presented at the 2017 ISOCS/IEEE International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN).
Event: 2017 ISOCS/IEEE International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN)
2017 magazine article
The how and why of sweetener synergies
Schiffman, S. S. (2017, September). The World of Food Ingredients, 40, 42–44.
2016 journal article
Using Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry for Odor Assessment of Automobile Interior Components
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, 16(14), 5747–5756.
2015 conference paper
Augmenting human odor assessments of cabin air quality of automobiles by instrumental measurements
Proceedings of the sixteenth international symposium on olfaction and electronic noses (ISOEN2015) 2015. Presented at the Sixteenth international symposium on olfaction and electronic noses (ISOEN2015) 2015, Dijon, France.
Event: Sixteenth international symposium on olfaction and electronic noses (ISOEN2015) 2015 at Dijon, France
2015 chapter book
Influence of Drugs on Taste Function
2015 journal article
Non-nutritive sweeteners in breast milk: perspective on potential implications of recent findings
Archives of Toxicology, 89(11), 2169–2171.
2015 journal article
Odor Assessment of Automobile Cabin Air With Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Photoionization Detection
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, 16(2), 409–417.
2015 article proceedings
Odor assessment of automobile interior components using ion mobility spectrometry
Presented at the 2015 IEEE Sensors.
Event: 2015 IEEE Sensors
2014 conference paper
Odor assessment of automobile cabin air by machine olfaction
IEEE SENSORS 2014 Proceedings. Presented at the 2014 IEEE Sensors.
Event: 2014 IEEE Sensors
2013 review
SUCRALOSE, A SYNTHETIC ORGANOCHLORINE SWEETENER: OVERVIEW OF BIOLOGICAL ISSUES
[Review of ]. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS, 16(7), 399–451.
2012 journal article
Rationale for Further Medical and Health Research on High-Potency Sweeteners
Chemical Senses, 37(8), 671–679.
2012 journal article
Sucralose revisited: Rebuttal of two papers about Splenda safety
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 63(3), 505–508.
2010 chapter
Taste disorders
In E. B. Goldstein (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Perception. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Ed(s): E. Goldstein
2009 journal article
Changes in Taste and Smell: Drug Interactions and Food Preferences
Nutrition Reviews, 52(8), 11–14.
2009 journal article
Effects of Aging on the Human Taste System
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1170(1), 725–729.
2009 chapter book
Sensory Impairment: Taste and Smell Impairments with Aging
2008 journal article
Air Pollution and Odor in Communities Near Industrial Swine Operations
Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(10), 1362–1368.
2008 journal article
Dispersion modeling to compare alternative technologies for odor remediation at swine facilities
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 58(9), 1166–1176.
2008 chapter book
Sensory Properties of Neotame: Comparison with Other Sweeteners
2008 journal article
Splenda Alters Gut Microflora and Increases Intestinal P-Glycoprotein and Cytochrome P-450 in Male Rats
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 71(21), 1415–1429.
2008 chapter book
The Aging Gustatory System
2007 journal article
Combination of flavor enhancement and chemosensory education improves nutritional status in older cancer patients
Journal of Nutrition, Health, and Aging, 11(5), 439–454.
2007 journal article
Critical illness and changes in sensory perception
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 66(3), 331–345.
2007 chapter book
Smell and Taste
2006 chapter
Health effects of aerial emissions from animal production waste management systems
In J. M. Rice, D. F. Caldwell, & F. J. Humenik (Eds.), Animal Agriculture and the Environment: National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management White Papers (pp. 225–262).
Ed(s): J. Rice, D. Caldwell & F. Humenik
2006 conference paper
Quantification of odor and odorants at swine facilities and assessment of their impact downwind
In V. P. Aneja, W. H. Schlesinger, R. Knighton, G. Jennings, D. Niyogi, W. Gilliam, & C. S. Duke (Eds.), Proceedings: Air quality: State of the science: Vol. V (pp. 136–137).
Ed(s): V. Aneja, W. Schlesinger, R. Knighton, G. Jennings, D. Niyogi, W. Gilliam, C. Duke
Event: Air quality: State of the science at Potomac, MD
2006 journal article
Time to maximum sweetness intensity of binary and ternary blends of sweeteners
Food Quality and Preference, 18(2), 405–415.
2005 conference paper
Odor dispersion modeling from swine operations with conventional and alternative waste treatment technologies
Proceedings of the 2005 Animal Waste Management Symposium: The Development of Alternative Technologies for the Processing and Use of Animal Waste. Presented at the 2005 Animal Waste Management Symposium: The Development of Alternative Technologies for the Processing and Use of Animal Waste, Raleigh, NC.
Event: 2005 Animal Waste Management Symposium: The Development of Alternative Technologies for the Processing and Use of Animal Waste at Raleigh, NC
2005 journal article
Performance of the Levenberg–Marquardt neural network training method in electronic nose applications
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 110(1), 13–22.
2005 journal article
Science of odor as a potential health issue
Journal of Environmental Quality, 34, 129–138.
2005 journal article
Symptomatic Effects of Exposure to Diluted Air Sampled from a Swine Confinement Atmosphere on Healthy Human Subjects
Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(5), 567–576.
2004 journal article
DUST AND ODOR EMISSIONS FROM TUNNEL VENTILATED SWINE BUILDINGS IN NORTH CAROLINA AND COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT ODOR EVALUATION METHODS
Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 20(3), 343–347.
2004 journal article
Eulerian-Lagrangian model for predicting odor dispersion using instrumental and human measurements
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 106(1), 122–127.
2004 article proceedings
Evaluation of the Carbofil International Downflow Tube Reactor for Treatment of Swine Waste
Presented at the 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004.
Event: 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004
2004 conference paper
Fuzzy training for neural networks
Proceedings of 8th world multiconference on systems, cybernetics, and informatics, IX, 124–125.
Event: 8th world multiconference on systems, cybernetics, and informatics at Orlando, FL
2004 chapter
Loss of Taste, Smell, and Other Senses with Age
In Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging (pp. 211–289).
2004 journal article
Odor from Industrial Hog Farming Operations and Mucosal Immune Function in Neighbors
Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 59(2), 101–108.
2004 conference paper
Repeatability and intercorrelations of sensory and cognitive tests in unmedicated elderly subjects
Proceedings of the 2004 AChemS annual meeting. Presented at the 2004 AChemS annual meeting, Sarasota, FL.
Event: 2004 AChemS annual meeting at Sarasota, FL
2004 journal article
Smell and behavior
ENT News, 12(6), 52–53.
2004 chapter
Taste and smell
In K. C. Niedert & B. Dorner (Eds.), Nutrition care of the older adult: a handbook for dietetics professionals working throughout the continuum of care (2nd ed., pp. 89–93). Roche Dietitians.
Ed(s): K. Niedert & B. Dorner
2003 conference paper
An integrated study of the emissions of ammonia, odor and odorants, and pathogens and related contaminants from potential environmentally superior technologies for swine facilities
Proceedings of Gaseous and odour emissions from animal production facilities. Presented at the Program OPEN (Odor, Pathogens, and Emissions of Nitrogen). Gaseous and odour emissions from animal production facilities, Horsens, Denmark.
Event: Program OPEN (Odor, Pathogens, and Emissions of Nitrogen). Gaseous and odour emissions from animal production facilities at Horsens, Denmark on June 1-4, 2003
2003 journal article
Effect of Repeated Presentation on Sweetness Intensity of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Sweeteners
Chemical Senses, 28(3), 219–229.
2003 journal article
Effect of anticholinergic medications on taste, smell, and other senses as well as cognition in the elderly
Chemical Senses, 28, A40.
2003 journal article
Introduction: health and ecological linkages
Environment International, 29(2-3), 351.
2003 conference paper
Method for determining odor dispersion using instrumental and human measurements
Technical Digest. 10th International symposium on olfaction and electronic nose (ISOEN ‘03). Presented at the 10th International symposium on olfaction and electronic nose (ISOEN ‘03), Riga, Latvia.
Event: 10th International symposium on olfaction and electronic nose (ISOEN ‘03) at Riga, Latvia
2003 conference paper
Predicting odor dispersion at five swine facilities Using a Eulerian Lagrangian model
Proceedings of the North Carolina animal waste management workshop, Research Triangle Park, Oct 17-17. Presented at the North Carolina animal waste management workshop, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Event: North Carolina animal waste management workshop at Research Triangle Park, NC on October 17, 2003
2003 chapter book
TASTE ENHANCERS
2002 journal article
Adverse taste side effects of cardiovascular medications
Geriatric Times, 3(1), 19–23.
2002 chapter
Age-Related Chemosensory Losses: Effect of Medications
In ACS Symposium Series: Vol. 825. Chemistry of Taste (pp. 94–108).
2002 journal article
Aspartame: Review of Safety
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 35(2), S1–S93.
2002 conference paper
Assessment of animal odors: Comparison of electronic nose and human panel
In A. D’Amico & C. Di Natale (Eds.), Technical digest. 9th international symposium on olfaction and electronic nose (ISOEN ‘02) (pp. 224–225). Rome: Aracne.
Ed(s): A. D’Amico & C. Di Natale
Event: 9th international symposium on olfaction and electronic nose (ISOEN ‘02)
2002 journal article
Chemosensory perception in elderly lung cancer patients on chemotherapy
Chemical Senses, 27(7), A21.
2002 chapter
Environmental Monitoring
In Handbook of Machine Olfaction (pp. 419–444).
2002 journal article
Flavor enhancement and its positive health benefits
Aroma-Chology Review, 10, 1–5.
2002 book
Handbook of Machine Olfaction
(T. C. Pearce, S. S. Schiffman, H. T. Nagle, & J. W. Gardner, Eds.).
Ed(s): T. Pearce, , H. Nagle* & J. Gardner *
2002 chapter
Introduction to Olfaction: Perception, Anatomy, Physiology, and Molecular Biology
In Handbook of Machine Olfaction (pp. 1–31).
2002 conference paper
Measuring odor intensity with E-noses and other sensor types
In A. D’Amico & C. Di Natale (Eds.), 9th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN ‘02) (pp. 68–72). Rome. Italy: Aracne Editrice.
Ed(s): A. D’Amico & C. Di Natale
Event: 9th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN ‘02)
2002 conference paper
Measuring odor intensity with a photoionization detector (PID
In A. D’Amico & C. Di Natale (Eds.), Technical digest. 9th international symposium on olfaction and electronic nose (ISOEN ‘02) (pp. 33–34). Rome, Italy: Aracne.
Ed(s): A. D’Amico & C. Di Natale
Event: 9th international symposium on olfaction and electronic nose (ISOEN ‘02)
2002 journal article
Sensory acuity and reasoning in delusional disorder
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 43(3), 175–178.
2002 chapter
Signal Conditioning and Preprocessing
In Handbook of Machine Olfaction (pp. 105–132).
2002 article proceedings
System for Exposing Humans to Low Levels of Swine Building Odorants and Dust
Presented at the 2002 Chicago, IL July 28-31, 2002.
Event: 2002 Chicago, IL July 28-31, 2002
2002 chapter book
Taste and smell perception in the elderly: Effect of medications and disease
2002 journal article
Taste, smell and neuropsychological performance of individuals at familial risk for Alzheimer's disease
Neurobiology of Aging, 23(3), 397–404.
2001 conference paper
Correlation of sensory analysis with electronic nose data for swine odor remediation assessment
Proceedings of the 3rd European congress on odours, meteorology and electronic noses. Presented at the 3rd European congress on odours, meteorology and electronic noses, Paris, France.
Event: 3rd European congress on odours, meteorology and electronic noses at Paris, France on June 19-21, 2001
2001 chapter
Effectiveness of an electronic nose for monitoring bacterial and fungal growth
In Electronic Noses and Olfaction 2000 (pp. 183–190).
2001 conference paper
Health effects of aerial emissions from animal production waste management systems
In G. B. Havenstein (Ed.), Proceedings. International symposium: Addressing animal production and environmental issues (pp. 103–113). Raleigh< NC: College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University.
Ed(s): G. Havenstein
Event: International symposium: Addressing animal production and environmental issues at Raleigh, NC
2001 journal article
Quantification of odors and odorants from swine operations in North Carolina
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 108(3), 213–240.
2001 chapter
Taste and smell
In G. L. Maddox, R. C. Atchley, J. G. Evans, R. B. Hudson, R. A. Kane, E. J. Masoro, … I. C. Siegler (Eds.), The encyclopedia of aging: A comprehensive resource in gerontology and geriatrics (3rd ed., pp. 999–1001). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Ed(s): G. Maddox, R. Atchley, J. Evans, R. Hudson, R. Kane, E. Masoro, M. Mezey, L. Poon, I. Siegler
2001 conference paper
Use of an electronic nose to evaluate odors from swine operations
In J. R. Stetter & W. R. Penrose (Eds.), Artificial chemical sensing: Proceedings of the eighth International Symposium on Olfaction and the Electronic Nose (ISOEN). (pp. 200–205). Electrochemical Society.
Ed(s): J. Stetter & W. Penrose
Event: Eighth International Symposium on Olfaction and the Electronic Nose (ISOEN). at Pennington, NJ
2000 conference paper
Detecting microbial contamination using an electronic nose
Proceedings of the seventh international symposium olfaction and electronic nose (ISOEN2000), 95–96.
Event: Seventh international symposium olfaction and electronic nose (ISOEN2000)
2000 journal article
Dust and odor emissions from tunnel ventilated swine buildings in North Carolina
Air Pollution from Agricultural Operations : Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, October 9-11, 2000, Des Moines, Iowa, 196.
2000 journal article
Effect of Tricyclic Antidepressants on Taste Responses in Humans and Gerbils
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 65(4), 599–609.
2000 journal article
Effect of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory medications on the sense of taste
Physiology & Behavior, 69(4-5), 413–424.
2000 journal article
Effect of temperature, pH, and ions on sweet taste
Physiology & Behavior, 68(4), 469–481.
2000 journal article
Elevated and sustained desire for sweet taste in African-Americans: a potential factor in the development of obesity
Nutrition, 16(10), 886–893.
2000 journal article
High dietary copper improves odor characteristics of swine waste.
Journal of Animal Science, 78(4), 859.
2000 chapter
Impairments of taste and smell
In J. G. Evans, T. F. Williams, B. L. Beattie, J.-P. Michel, & G. K. Wilcock (Eds.), Oxford textbook of geriatric medicine (pp. 899–906). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ed(s): J. Evans, T. Williams, B. Beattie, J. Michel & G. Wilcock
2000 journal article
Intensification of Sensory Properties of Foods for the Elderly
The Journal of Nutrition, 130(4), 927S–930S.
2000 conference paper
Introducting fuzz to neural network training
2000 IEEE International symposium on circuits and systems. Presented at the 2000 IEEE International symposium on circuits and systems, Geneva, Switzerland.
Event: 2000 IEEE International symposium on circuits and systems at Geneva, Switzerland on May 21-28, 2000
2000 conference paper
Measurement of odor and odorants from swine facilities
Proceedings of the thirteenth international symposium olfaction & taste (ISOT 2000) and Fourteenth European Chemoreception Research Organisation congress (ECRO 2000), 94.
Event: Thirteenth international symposium olfaction & taste (ISOT 2000) and Fourteenth European Chemoreception Research Organisation congress (ECRO 2000)
2000 conference paper
Odor: Quantification and health impacts.
Proceedings of Y2K Composting in the Southeast. Presented at the 2K Composting in the Southeast, Charlottesville, VA.
Event: 2K Composting in the Southeast at Charlottesville, VA
2000 journal article
Potential Health Effects of Odor from Animal Operations, Wastewater Treatment, and Recycling of Byproducts
Journal of Agromedicine, 7(1), 7–81.
2000 journal article
Scent of a swine building: Tunnel ventilation problems test engineers' ingenuity
Resource, Engineering & Technology for a Sustainable World, 7(10), 13.
2000 journal article
Synergism among Ternary Mixtures of Fourteen Sweeteners
Chemical Senses, 25(2), 131–140.
2000 journal article
Taste and smell perception affect appetite and immunity in the elderly
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 54(S3), S54–S63.
2000 journal article
Taste effects of antiretroviral drugs on chorda tympani responses in gerbil
Sensory Neuron, 3(2), 97–108.
2000 journal article
Taste effects of lingual application of cardiovascular medications
Physiology & Behavior, 68(3), 405–413.
2000 journal article
Taste quality and neural coding
Physiology & Behavior, 69(1-2), 147–159.
2000 chapter book
Taste: Biological organization.
2000 conference paper
Testing HVAC ducts for microbial contamination using an electronic nose
Proceedings of world congress on medical physics and biomedical engineering (CHICAGO 2000). Presented at the world congress on medical physics and biomedical engineering (CHICAGO 2000), Chicago, IL.
Event: world congress on medical physics and biomedical engineering (CHICAGO 2000) at Chicago, IL
1999 journal article
Alterations of Chemosensory Function in End-Stage Liver Disease
Physiology & Behavior, 66(2), 203–207.
1999 book review
Book review: Letters home: How writing can change your life
[Review of Letters home: How writing can change your life, by T. Vance]. Duke Magazine, 55.
1999 journal article
Chemosensory Impairment and Appetite Commentary on "Impaired Sensory Functioning in Elders: The Relation With Its Potential Determinants and Nutritional Intake"
The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 54(8), B332–B333.
1999 conference paper
Development of the electronic nose for monitoring odors
Animal Waste Management Symposium, 119–127. Raleigh, NC: NC State University.
Event: Animal Waste Management Symposium
1999 journal article
Effect of Medications on Taste
Physiology & Behavior, 66(2), 183–191.
1999 conference paper
Effect of copper source and level on odor and performance of swine
Animal Waste Management Symposium, 239–242. Raleigh: NC State University.
1999 journal article
Effect of protease inhibitors on the sense of taste
Nutrition, 15(10), 767–772.
1999 journal article
Effect of taste and smell on secretion rate of salivary IgA in elderly and young persons
Journal of Nutrition, Health, and Aging, 3, 158–164.
1999 journal article
Effect of the nucleoside analogs zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine, and lamivudine on the sense of taste
Nutrition, 15(11-12), 854–859.
1999 conference paper
Evaluation of swine odor control products using human odor panels
Animal Waste Management Symposium, 110–118. Raleigh, NC: NC State University.
Event: Animal Waste Management Symposium
1999 journal article
Future directions for use of odors in overall health
Aroma-Chology Review, 8, 5, 11.
1999 conference paper
Procedures to evaluate odor abatement products and technologies
Animal Waste Management Symposium, 99–109. Raleigh, NC: NC State University.
Event: Animal Waste Management Symposium
1999 conference paper
Quantitative measurement of odor
Proceedings of the first NSF international conference on indoor air health. Impacts, issues, and solutions, 129–138. Ann Arbor, Michigan: NSF International.
Event: First NSF international conference on indoor air health. Impacts, issues, and solutions
1999 journal article
Selective Inhibition of Sweetness by the Sodium Salt of +/-2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)propanoic Acid
Chemical Senses, 24(4), 439–447.
1999 journal article
The essence of enhancement. Increasing residents’ health and quality of life while increasing revenue
National Investment Center Review, 7, 35–41.
1999 journal article
Transient response analysis of an electronic nose using multi-exponential models
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 61(1-3), 170–182.
1999 journal article
Using neural networks and genetic algorithms to enhance performance in an electronic nose
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 46(4), 429–439.
1999 journal article
Workshop on Taste and Smell in the Elderly
Physiology & Behavior, 66(2), 173–176.
1998 conference paper
A new method for evaluating and validating odor remediation techniques
Animal Production Systems and the Environment. An International Conference on Odor, Water Quality, Nutrient Management and Socioeconomic Issues. Presented at the Animal Production Systems and the Environment. An International Conference on Odor, Water Quality, Nutrient Management and Socioeconomic Issues.
Event: Animal Production Systems and the Environment. An International Conference on Odor, Water Quality, Nutrient Management and Socioeconomic Issues
1998 journal article
A novel method for reducing the dimensionality in a sensor array
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 47(3), 728–741.
1998 journal article
Applications of electronic nose in clinical diagnosis
Journal of Automatic Chemistry, 20(5), 153.
1998 journal article
Complaints of health symptoms from odors associated with intensive livestock operations
Health & Environment Digest, 12(8), 60–62.
1998 journal article
Effect of Psychotropic Drugs on Taste Responses in Young and Elderly Persons
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 855(1 OLFACTION AND), 732–737.
1998 journal article
Effect of medications used by HIV-infected patients on the sense of taste
Chemical Senses, 23, 607.
1998 journal article
Livestock odors: implications for human health and well-being.
Journal of Animal Science, 76(5), 1343.
1998 chapter
Mood changes experienced by persons living near commercial swine operations
In K. M. Thu & E. P. Durrenberger (Eds.), Pigs, profits, and rural communities (pp. 98–102). SUNY (State University of New York) Press.
Ed(s): K. Thu & E. Durrenberger
1998 journal article
Orosensory Perception of Dietary Fat
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7(5), 137–143.
1998 journal article
Sensory enhancement of foods for the elderly with monosodium glutamate and flavors
Food Reviews International, 14(2-3), 321–333.
1998 journal article
Taste and smell complaints in HIV-infected patients
AIDS, 12(13), 1667–1674.
1998 journal article
The effects of mono- and di-valent salts on taste profiles of twelve sweeteners
Chemical Senses, 23, 558.
1998 journal article
The how and why of electronic noses
IEEE Spectrum, 35(9), 22–31.
1998 chapter
The role of taste in feeding hydrolysates to infants
In Physiologic/immunologic responses to dietary nutrients: Role of elemental and hydrolysate formulas in management of the pediatric patient. 107th Ross Conference on Pediatric Research (pp. 193–198). Ross Laboratories.
1998 journal article
Use of an electronic nose to evaluate methods for odor remediation
Chemical Senses, 23, 631.
1998 conference paper
Workshop on health effects of odors
Animal Production Systems and the Environment. An International Conference on Odor, Water Quality, Nutrient Management and Socioeconomic Issues, 407–412. Des Moines: Iowa State University.
Event: Animal Production Systems and the Environment. An International Conference on Odor, Water Quality, Nutrient Management and Socioeconomic Issues
1997 journal article
Analysis of Medication Off-odors Using an Electronic Nose
Chemical Senses, 22(2), 119–128.
1997 journal article
Effect of psychotropic drugs on a range of taste responses in young and elderly persons
Chemical Senses, 22, 786.
1997 journal article
Effect of psychotropic drugs on electrophysiological taste responses in the gerbil
Chemical Senses, 22, 787.
1997 chapter
Electronic nose evaluation of synthetic hog farm odor
In J. A. M. Voermans & G. J. Monteny (Eds.), Ammonia and odour emissions from animal production facilities: proceedings: 6-10 October 1997, Vinkeloord, the Netherlands. Rosmalen.
Ed(s): J. Voermans & G. Monteny
Event: Ammonia and odour emissions from animal production facilities at Vinkeloord, the Netherlands on October 6-10, 1997
1997 conference paper
Health impacts of large livestock farms on the neighbors
Proceedings of the 1997 livestock waste management conference. Presented at the 1997 livestock waste management conference, Urbana, IL.
Event: 1997 livestock waste management conference at Urbana, IL
1997 journal article
Influence of modest caloric reduction on secretory IgA in saliva
Jogoslovian Medical Biochemistry, 16, 101–104.
1997 journal article
Measurement of odor emissions from swine operations: psychophysical and gas chromatographic data
Chemical Senses, 22, 786–787.
1997 journal article
Receptors that mediate sweetness: Inferences from biochemical, electrophysiological and psychophysical data
Pure and Applied Chemistry, 69(4), 701–708.
1997 journal article
Taste and smell losses in normal aging and disease
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 278(16), 1357–1362.
1997 journal article
Taste and smell: Neglected senses that contribute to the malnutrition of AIDS
North Carolina Medical Journal, 58, 100–104.
1997 journal article
The effects of temperature and pH on sweetness intensity ratings of 15 sweeteners
Chemical Senses, 22, 786.
1996 conference paper
Application of an electronic nose to differentiate odors from exhaust fans and lagoon
International conference on air pollution from agricultural operations, 255–261.
Event: International conference on air pollution from agricultural operations at Kansas City, KS
1996 journal article
Characterization of odors from swine operations
Chemical Senses, 21, 665.
1996 journal article
Contribution of taste and smell losses to the wasting syndrome
Age and Nutrition, 7(2), 106–120.
1996 conference paper
Effect of liquid swine manure additives on odor parameters
International conference on air pollution from agricultural operations, 409–412.
Event: International conference on air pollution from agricultural operations at Kansas City, KS
1996 journal article
Effects of pre-rinsing with +2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propionic acid (Cypha) on subsequent sweetness intensity ratings for fifteen sweeteners
Chemical Senses, 21, 665.
1996 chapter
Evaluation of headaches
In C. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, & F. N. Kotsonis (Eds.), The clinical evaluation of a food additive: Assessment of aspartame (pp. 195–204). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Ed(s): C. Tschanz, H. Butchko, W. Stargel & F. Kotsonis
1996 journal article
Evaluation of the reliability of sweet ratings by a trained panel for five sweeteners at four concentrations
Chemical Senses, 21, 579.
1996 journal article
Habituation to sweet foods in Caucasian and African-American subjects
Chemical Senses, 21, 664–665.
1996 conference paper
Odor abatement: Case studies of the swine industry
In P. H. Patterson & J. P. Blacke (Eds.), Proceedings: 1996 national poultry waste management symposium (pp. 50–64). Auburn, AL: Auburn University Printing Service.
Ed(s): P. Patterson & J. Blacke
Event: 1996 national poultry waste management symposium
1996 journal article
Salivary IgA secretion rate in young and elderly persons
Physiology & Behavior, 60(1), 243–248.
1996 chapter
Smell and taste
In J. E. Birren (Ed.), Encyclopedia of gerontology (Vol. 2, pp. 497–504). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Ed(s): J. Birren
1996 journal article
Synergism among ternary mixtures of fourteen sweeteners
Chemical Senses, 21, 664.
1996 journal article
The potential use of odor for weight loss and weight maintenance
Aroma-Chology Review, 5(2), 2, 8.
1996 journal article
Update on monosodium glutamate: Sensory properties and safety
Nutrition, 12(6), 451–452.
1995 journal article
A fuzzy set approach to the organization of the gustatory system
Primary Sensory Neuron, 1(1), 65–80.
1995 journal article
Bitterness of sweeteners as a function of concentration
Brain Research Bulletin, 36(5), 505–513.
1995 journal article
Detection thresholds of potassium salts are related to the molar conductivity of the anion
Brain Research Bulletin, 37(6), 623–626.
1995 journal article
Determination of salivary IgA in healthy people of different age groups
Chemical Senses, 20, 772–773.
1995 journal article
Development of Elisa-based assays for detection, quantitation and avidity determination of salivary IgA anti-gliadin antibodies
Jogoslovian Medical Biochemistry, 14, 15–25.
1995 journal article
Development of a reliable method for determination of secretory IgA in saliva
Chemical Senses, 20, 743.
1995 journal article
Effect of +2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propionic acid on the sweetness intensity ratings of fifteen sweeteners
Chemical Senses, 20, 772.
1995 journal article
Effect of different coffees on esophageal acid contact time and symptoms in coffee-sensitive subjects
Physiology & Behavior, 57(3), 563–567.
1995 journal article
Effect of lipid-derived second messengers on electrophysiological taste responses in the gerbil
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 52(1), 49–58.
1995 journal article
Effect of odors from livestock wastes on the mood of neighboring residents
Chemical Senses, 20, 773.
1995 journal article
Effect of pleasant odors on mood of males at midlife: Comparison of African-American and European-American men
Brain Research Bulletin, 36(1), 31–37.
1995 chapter
Environmental odors emanating from commercial swine operations: Psychological, psychophysical, and chemical measurement
In Environmental science for lawyers. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Bar Foundation.
1995 journal article
Environmental pollutants alter taste responses in the gerbil
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 52(1), 189–194.
1995 journal article
Identification of Gliadin Presence in Pharmaceutical Products
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 21(4), 482.
1995 journal article
Investigation of synergism in binary mixtures of sweeteners
Brain Research Bulletin, 38(2), 105–120.
1995 chapter
Livestock odor control additives: Effectiveness and laboratory-scale protocol for evaluation
In Proceedings of the international livestock odor conference ‘95 (pp. 50–53). Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University College of Agriculture.
Event: International livestock odor conference
1995 conference paper
Measurement of environmental odors emanating from commercial swine operations
Proceedings of the 39th annual North Carolina Pork Producers conference, 21–24.
Event: 39th annual North Carolina Pork Producers conference. at Fayetteville, NC
1995 conference paper
Odors from swine operations: analysis by human odor panels, gas chromatography, and an electronic nose
Proceedings of the 39th annual 1995 North Carolina Pork Producers conference, 27–44.
Event: 39th annual 1995 North Carolina Pork Producers conference at Fayetteville, NC
1995 chapter
Physiology of sweet taste
In M. E. Curzon, J. M. Diehl, R. Ghraf, & M. J. Lentze (Eds.), Carbohydrates in infant nutrition and dental health (pp. 85–98). München: Urban & Vogel.
Ed(s): M. Curzon, J. Diehl, R. Ghraf & M. Lentze
1995 chapter
Pleasant odors improve mood of women and men at mid-life
In A. N. Gilbert (Ed.), Compendium of olfactory research. Explorations in Aroma-Chology: Investigating the sense of smell and human response to odor. 1982-1994 (pp. 97–103). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.
Ed(s): A. Gilbert
1995 conference paper
Public perception of odor in animal industries and how to measure it
New horizons in animal nutrition and health. Proceedings, 31–40. Chapel Hill: North Carolina Institute of Nutrition.
Event: New horizons in animal nutrition and health
1995 journal article
Reconceptualizing aroma
Aroma-Chology Review, 4(2), 1, 8–9.
1995 chapter
Taste
In G. L. Maddox (Ed.), Encyclopedia of aging (2nd ed., pp. 920–922). New York: Springer.
Ed(s): G. Maddox
1995 conference paper
Taste and smell changes with age: Implications for nutrition and immunity
Proceedings of the second international conference on nutrition and aging. Tokyo:ILSI, 60–71.
Event: second international conference on nutrition and aging
1995 journal article
Taste and smell losses in HIV infected patients
Physiology & Behavior, 58(2), 287–293.
1995 journal article
The effect of bitter inhibitors on taste perception of urea, quinine HCl., magnesium chloride, and caffeine
Chemical Senses, 20, 773.
1995 journal article
The effect of environmental odors emanating from commercial swine operations on the mood of nearby residents
Brain Research Bulletin, 37(4), 369–375.
1995 journal article
The effect of pleasant odors and hormone status on mood of women at midlife
Brain Research Bulletin, 36(1), 19–29.
1995 chapter
The potential of thermophilic anaerobic fermentation for biological methane production and odor control using swine manure as a substrate
In Proceedings of the international livestock odor conference (pp. 149–153). Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University College of Agriculture.
Event: International livestock odor conference
1995 journal article
To the Editor: Aspartame and headache
Neurology, 45(8), 1632–1632.
1995 journal article
Use of olfaction as an alarm mechanism to arouse and alert sleeping individuals
Aroma-Chology Review, 4(10), 2, 9.
1994 journal article
Adaptation of sweeteners in water and in tannic acid solutions
Physiology & Behavior, 55(3), 547–559.
1994 journal article
Appetite and Body Weight Regulation. Sugar, Fat, and Macronutrient Substitutes
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 60(4), 644.
1994 chapter
Biological and psychological benefits of exercise in obesity
In A. P. Hills & M. L. Wahlqvist (Eds.), Exercise & obesity (pp. 103–113). London: Smith-Gordon.
Ed(s): A. Hills & M. Wahlqvist
1994 journal article
Effect of environmental pollutants on taste in gerbil
Chemical Senses, 19, 547.
1994 journal article
Effect of modulators of the adenylate cyclase system on sweet electrophysiological taste responses in gerbil
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 48(4), 991–998.
1994 journal article
Effect of modulators of the phosphotidyl inositol system and the arachidonic acid system on electrophysiological taste responses in gerbil
Chemical Senses, 19, 547–548.
1994 journal article
Effect of race on perception of fat alone and in combination with sugar
Physiology & Behavior, 55(3), 603–606.
1994 journal article
Identification of Gliadin Presence in Pharmaceutical Products
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 19(1), 27–33.
1994 journal article
Increased adhesion between neutral lipid bilayers: interbilayer bridges formed by tannic acid
Biophysical Journal, 66(6), 1943–1958.
1994 journal article
Modulators of the adenylate cyclase system can alter electrophysiological taste responses in gerbil
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 48(4), 983–990.
1994 chapter
Perception of Monosodium Glutamate in Water and Food by Young and Elderly Subjects
In Olfaction and Taste XI (pp. 348–352).
1994 journal article
Pleasant odors improve mood of men as well as women at mid-life
Aroma-Chology Review, 3(2), 2, 9.
1994 conference paper
Psychological effects of swine odor on humans
Proceedings of the International Round Table on Swine Odor Control, 8–11. Ames, IA: Iowa State University.
Event: International Round Table on Swine Odor Control
1994 journal article
Reactivating appetite
Contemporary Long Term Care, 54–55.
1994 chapter
Requerimientos de energía: conocimientos actuales y controversias (Energy requirements: present knowledge and controversies)
In P. Arroyo & J. Represas (Eds.), Nutrición clínica 1994: memorias de un Simposio Internacional (pp. 43–58). México City: Editorial Médica Panamericana.
Ed(s): P. Arroyo & J. Represas
Event: Nutrición clínica 1994: memorias de un Simposio Internacional
1994 journal article
Role of neuropeptides in the regulation of feeding behavior: A review of cholecystokinin, bombesin, neuropeptide Y, and galanin
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 18(3), 313–323.
1994 chapter
Sweetness and appetite in normal, overweight, and elderly persons
In J. D. Fernstrom & G. D. Miller (Eds.), Appetite and body weight regulation. Sugar, fat, and macronutrient substitutes (pp. 99–112). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Ed(s): J. Fernstrom & G. Miller
1994 journal article
Synergism among binary mixtures of fourteen sweeteners
Chemical Senses, 19, 547.
1994 journal article
Taste and smell function in HIV infection
Chemical Senses, 19, 477.
1994 journal article
Taste perception of bitter compounds in young and elderly persons: Relation to lipophilicity of bitter compounds
Neurobiology of Aging, 15(6), 743–750.
1994 journal article
Taste perception of monosodium glutamate (MSG) in foods in young and elderly subjects
Physiology & Behavior, 56(2), 265–275.
1994 journal article
The effect of fragrance on the mood of woman at midlife
Aroma-Chology Review, 2(1), 1, 5.
1994 journal article
The effect of sweeteners on bitter taste in young and elderly subjects
Brain Research Bulletin, 35(3), 189–204.
1994 conference paper
The role of taste and smell in appetite and satiety: impact of chemosensory changes due to aging and drug interactions
In M. L. Wahlqvist, A. S. Truswell, R. Smith, & P. J. Nestel (Eds.), Nutrition in a sustainable environment: Proceedings of the XV International Congress of Nutrition: IUNS Adelaide (pp. 728–731). London: Smith-Gordon.
Ed(s): M. Wahlqvist, A. Truswell, R. Smith & P. Nestel
Event: XV International Congress of Nutrition at IUNS Adelaide
1993 chapter
Basic concepts and programs for multidimensional scaling
In C. T. Ho & C. H. Manley (Eds.), Flavor Measurement (pp. 133–157). New York: Marcel Dekker.
Ed(s): C. Ho & C. Manley
1993 journal article
Clinical Physiology of Taste and Smell
Annual Review of Nutrition, 13(1), 405–436.
1993 journal article
Effect of flavor enhancement of foods for the elderly on nutritional status: Food intake, biochemical indices, and anthropometric measures
Physiology & Behavior, 53(2), 395–402.
1993 journal article
Effect of modulators of the adenylate cyclase system on sweet electrophysiological taste responses in gerbil
Chemical Senses, 18, 623–624.
1993 journal article
Perception of taste and smell in elderly persons
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 33(1), 17–26.
1993 chapter
Psychophysics: insights into transduction mechanisms and neural coding
In S. A. Simon & S. D. Roper (Eds.), Mechanisms of Taste Transduction (pp. 395–424). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Ed(s): S. Simon & S. Roper
1993 chapter
Sensory properties of food: their role in nutrition
In G. Schlierf (Ed.), Recent advances in clinical nutrition. III (pp. 67–81). London: Smith-Gordon.
Ed(s): G. Schlierf
1993 journal article
Short-term oral sensory deprivation: Possible cause of binge eating in sham-feeding dogs
Physiology & Behavior, 53(6), 1231–1234.
1993 journal article
Sweeteners: State of knowledge review
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 17(3), 313–345.
1993 journal article
Sweetness intensity ratings of binary mixtures of various sweeteners
Chemical Senses, 18, 623.
1993 journal article
Taste and smell function in persons at risk for Alzheimer's disease
Chemical Senses, 18, 622–623.
1993 journal article
Taste and smell sensations enhance the satiating effect of both a high-carbohydrate and a high-fat meal in humans
Physiology & Behavior, 53(3), 553–563.
1993 journal article
Taste performance on the anterior human tongue varles with fungiform taste bud density
Chemical Senses, 18(5), 449–460.
1993 journal article
The effect of tannic acid on sweetness intensity ratings during the adaptation of sweet compounds
Chemical Senses, 18, 623.
1992 chapter
Aging and the sense of smell: potential benefits of fragrance enhancement
In S. Van Toller & G. H. Dodd (Eds.), Fragrance: the psychology and biology of perfume (pp. 51–62). London: Elsevier Applied Science.
Ed(s): S. Van Toller & G. Dodd
1992 journal article
Astringent compounds suppress taste responses in gerbil
Brain Research, 595(1), 1–11.
1992 journal article
Astringent-tasting compounds alter ion transport across isolated canine lingual epithelia
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 43(1), 271–283.
1992 journal article
Carboxylic acid replacement structure-activity relationships in suosan type sweeteners. A sweet taste antagonist. 1
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 35(10), 1747–1751.
1992 journal article
Chorda tympani and lingual nerve responses to astringent compounds in rodents
Physiology & Behavior, 51(1), 55–63.
1992 journal article
Detection thresholds for emulsified oils in young and elderly subjects
Chemical Senses, 17, 693.
1992 journal article
Effect of Environmental Pollutants on Taste and Smell
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 106(6), 693–700.
1992 journal article
Effect of meal sensory properties on post-prandial hunger and taste reactivity in human subjects
Chemical Senses, 17, 716.
1992 chapter
Food acceptability and nutritional status: Considerations for the aging population in the 21st century
In P. Leathwood, M. Horisberger, & W. P. T. James (Eds.), For a better nutrition in the 21st century (pp. 149–162). New York: Raven Press.
Ed(s): P. Leathwood, M. Horisberger & W. James
1992 chapter book
Olfaction in Aging and Medical Disorders
1992 journal article
Perceived taste intensity of bitter compounds in mixtures with sucrose and sorbitol
Chemical Senses, 17, 693.
1992 journal article
Role of dietary fat in calorie intake and weight gain
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 16(4), 585–596.
1992 journal article
Taste and smell: the effect of aging, disease states, and medications
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, Suppl 16B, 260.
1992 chapter
The biology of taste and food intake
In G. A. Bray & D. H. Ryan (Eds.), The science of food regulation: Food intake, taste, nutrient partitioning, and energy expenditure (pp. 293–312). Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
Ed(s): G. Bray & D. Ryan
1992 journal article
The five fragrance ages and stages of women: An update
Fragrance Forum, 9, 2, 8.
1992 journal article
Thresholds and preferences for monosodium glutamate (MSG) with and without inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP) in foods for young and elderly subjects
Chemical Senses, 17, 694.
1991 journal article
Changes in taste and smell over the lifespan: Effects on appetite and nutrition in the elderly
Chemical Senses, 4, 341–365.
Ed(s): M. Friedman, M. Tordoff & M. Kare
1991 journal article
Comparison of chorda tympani and trigeminal nerve responses to astringent compounds in rodents
Chemical Senses, 16, 576.
1991 chapter book
Concentration—Response Relationships of Sweeteners
1991 journal article
Covariance of panelist stimulus concentration response functions regarding receptor multiplicity
Chemical Senses, 16, 516.
1991 journal article
Detection thresholds of potassium salts are related to the molar conductivity of the anion
Chemical Senses, 16, 574–575.
1991 chapter
Drugs influencing taste and smell perception
In Smell and taste in health and disease (pp. 845–850). New York: Raven Press.
1991 journal article
Flavor-calorie relationships: Effect on weight gain in rats
Physiology & Behavior, 50(3), 465–470.
1991 journal article
New frontiers in fragrance use
Cosmetics and Toiletries, 106(6), 39–45.
1991 chapter
Receptors and transduction mechanism for sweet taste: an overview
In M. Gracey, N. Kretchmer, & E. Rossi (Eds.), Sugars in nutrition (pp. 55–67). New York: Raven Press.
Ed(s): M. Gracey, N. Kretchmer & E. Rossi
1991 journal article
Regional differences in sensitivity to astringent compounds in the oral cavity of humans
Chemical Senses, 16, 575.
1991 journal article
Taste and smell losses with age
Contemporary Nutrition, 16(2), 1–2.
1991 chapter
Taste and smell perception in elderly persons
In J. E. Fielding & H. I. Frier (Eds.), Nutrition research: Future directions and applications (pp. 61–73). New York: Raven Press.
Ed(s): J. Fielding & H. Frier
1991 chapter
Taste and smell: their role in aging and obesity
In G. E. Gaull, F. N. Kotsonis, & M. A. Mackey (Eds.), Nutrition in the '90's: Current controversies and analysis (pp. 51–61). New York: Marcel Dekker.
Ed(s): G. Gaull, F. Kotsonis & M. Mackey
1991 journal article
Taste of glutamate salts in young and elderly subjects: Role of inosine 5′-monophosphate and ions
Physiology & Behavior, 49(5), 843–854.
1991 journal article
The effect of modulators of the adenylate cyclase system on taste responses in gerbil
Chemical Senses, 16, 576.
1991 journal article
The effect of sweeteners on bitter taste thresholds
Chemical Senses, 16, 575.
1990 journal article
Gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in dementia: Not specific to Alzheimer's disease
Neurobiology of Aging, 11(6), 597–600.
1990 journal article
Inhibition of taste responses to Na+ salts by epithelial Na+ channel blockers in gerbil
Physiology & Behavior, 47(3), 455–459.
1990 journal article
Nutritional assessment of elderly persons eating flavor enhanced foods
Chemical Senses, 15, 633.
1990 journal article
Preference for fat-rich foods is related to the level of fat in the rearing diet
Chemical Senses, 15, 650–651.
1990 journal article
Relationship of dietary fat content to food preferences in young rats
Physiology & Behavior, 48(5), 581–586.
1990 journal article
Sensory evaluations of fat-sucrose and fat-salt mixtures: Relationship to age and weight status
Physiology & Behavior, 48(5), 633–636.
1990 journal article
Synthesis of tastes other than the ‘primaries’: implications for neural coding theories and the concept of ‘suppression’
Synthesis of tastes other than the ‘primaries’: implications for neural coding theories and the concept of ‘suppression.’ Chemical Senses, 15(5), 495–504.
1990 journal article
The effect of amiloride analogs on taste responses in gerbil
Physiology & Behavior, 47(3), 435–441.
1990 journal article
The effect of taste on gastric and pancreatic responses in dogs
Physiology & Behavior, 47(6), 1295–1297.
1990 book
The flavor set-point weight-loss cookbook
Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
1990 journal article
The role of sodium and potassium transport pathways in taste transduction: an overview
Chemical Senses, 15(1), 129–135.
1990 journal article
Thresholds for sodium salts in young and elderly human subjects: correlation with molar conductivity of anion
Chemical Senses, 15(6), 671–678.
1989 journal article
Adverse reactions to aspartame
Journal of Applied Nutrition, 41, 40.
1989 journal article
Aspartame and Headache: No Association Found in Clinical Study
Cephalalgia, 9(10_suppl), 101–102.
1989 journal article
Bitter taste
Journal of the American Medical Association, 23, 3347.
1989 journal article
Cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion in dogs: Impact of smell, sight, memory, and taste
Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 4, 984.
1989 journal article
Changes in taste and smell over the life span; their effect on appetite and nutrition in the elderly
Appetite, 12(1), 77.