@article{nelson_song_huang_niedziela_swallow_2012, title={Relative effects of fertilizer nitrogen form and phosphate level on control of bedding plant seedling growth}, volume={47}, number={2}, journal={HortScience}, author={Nelson, P. V. and Song, C. Y. and Huang, J. S. and Niedziela, C. E. and Swallow, W. H.}, year={2012}, pages={249–253} }
 @article{jonkman_gerard_swallow_2009, title={Estimating probabilities under the three-parameter gamma distribution using composite sampling}, volume={53}, ISSN={["0167-9473"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.csda.2008.10.005}, abstractNote={Composite sampling may be used in industrial or environmental settings for the purpose of quality monitoring and regulation, particularly if the cost of testing samples is high relative to the cost of collecting samples. In such settings, it is often of interest to estimate the proportion of individual sampling units in the population that are above or below a given threshold value, C. We consider estimation of a proportion of the form p=P(X>C) from composite sample data, assuming that X follows a three-parameter gamma distribution. The gamma distribution is useful for modeling skewed data, which arise in many applications, and adding a shift parameter to the usual two-parameter gamma distribution also allows the analyst to model a minimum or baseline level of the response. We propose an estimator of p that is based on maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters @a, @b, and @c, and an associated variance estimator based on the observed information matrix. Theoretical properties of the estimator are briefly discussed, and simulation results are given to assess the performance of the estimator. We illustrate the proposed estimator using an example of composite sample data from the meat products industry.}, number={4}, journal={COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS}, author={Jonkman, Jeffrey N. and Gerard, Patrick D. and Swallow, William H.}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, pages={1099–1109} }
 @article{kim_niedziela_nelson_de hertogh_swallow_mingis_2007, title={Growth and development of Lilium longiflorum 'Nellie White' during bulb production under controlled environments - I. Effects of constant, variable and greenhouse day/night temperature regimes on scale and stem bulblets}, volume={112}, ISSN={["0304-4238"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scienta.2006.11.015}, abstractNote={Abstract One-year-old scale and stem bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’ (Easter lily) were grown under constant and variable growth chamber conditions and greenhouse conditions to compare growth and development and bulb production. Eight temperatures regimes were established using the following: six growth chambers set to provide day/night temperature regimes of 30/26, 26/22, 22/18, 18/14, 14/10 and 10/6 °C; a seventh growth chamber (VAR) programmed to begin at 22/18 °C, then decline in three 4–5 week steps to 10/6 °C, and subsequently increase in three 4–5 week steps to 22/18 °C to simulate seasonal field temperatures in the coastal bulb production area of northern California and southern Oregon; and a double layer polyethylene greenhouse (GH) set to begin cooling at 22 °C and heating at 18 °C. Ten percent of the scale bulblets and 35% of the stem bulblets failed to develop shoots (“no-shows”). “No-shows” increased with increasing temperature with a significant number starting at 18/14 °C. The moderately high GH temperature also induced “no-shows”. Maximum basal bulb (the main planted bulb) weight occurred at 26/22 °C for both bulblet types. Scale bulblets not only produced heavier basal bulbs with a larger circumference than stem bulblets, but also produced heavier stem bulbs. Stem bulb formation and production was maximized in the range of 18/14–26/22 °C and in the GH for scale bulblets. Stem bulb production from stem bulblets did not differ from zero. Scale bulblets produced more basal and stem roots than the stem bulblets at the end of the early growth period, but there was no significant difference at the end of the study. Root fresh weight was greatest in the range of 14/10–18/14 °C and declined at higher or lower temperatures. The VAR and GH treatments had similar root weights to those at 18/14 °C. Shoot length was maximized at 22/18 °C for stem bulblets and in the GH and at 22/18 °C for scale bulblets. Stem plus leaf (shoot) fresh weight was not statistically different between bulblet types with the exception of an increased weight for stem bulblets grown at 22/18 °C. Scale bulblets in the GH had greater stem plus leaf weights than scale bulblets in the other temperature regimes. Shoot leaf number was highest in stem bulblets at 22/18 °C and in the GH. In these two temperature treatments, more leaves were produced by stem bulblets than scale bulblets. In all other treatments, there was no significant difference in leaf number. Bulblet type had no effect on number of flowers produced. Flower number was maximum in the range 10/6–22/18 °C, decreased at 26/22 °C and in the GH, and was absent at 30/26 °C. For bulb production, reduced flowering is desired since flowers are generally removed during the outdoor bulb production period. Meristem abortion, which also causes a desirable reduction in flowers, was greater in scale bulblets. It occurred at 26/22 °C and was greater at 30/26 °C. Scale bulbs produced the largest main bulbs, with a maximum yield at 26/22 °C.}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}, author={Kim, S. H. and Niedziela, C. E., Jr. and Nelson, P. V. and De Hertogh, A. A. and Swallow, W. H. and Mingis, N. C.}, year={2007}, month={Mar}, pages={89–94} }
 @article{kim_niedziela_nelson_de hertogh_swallow_mingis_2007, title={Growth and development of Lilium longiflorum 'Nellie White' during bulb production under controlled environments - II. Effects of shifting day/night temperature regimes on scale bulblets}, volume={112}, ISSN={["0304-4238"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scienta.2006.11.012}, abstractNote={One-year old scale bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’ (Easter lily) were grown for 107 days during growth period 1 (GP-1) in six growth chambers under constant day/night temperature regimes of 30/26, 26/22, 22/18, 18/14, 14/10 and 10/6 °C. Subsequently, half of the plants in each temperature regime were transferred to 18/14 °C and the other half continued at the six constant temperature regimes. Both groups of plants were grown for an additional 89 days in growth period 2 (GP-2). Continuous temperatures of 26/22, 26/22–22/18 and 26/22–18/14 °C produced the greatest increase in basal bulb fresh weight (the main planted bulb), basal bulb circumference and stem bulb fresh weight, respectively. However, shifting these optimal temperatures to 18/14 °C during GP-2 resulted in a lower increase in basal bulb fresh weight and circumference. The optimum range for stem bulb production was expanded to 30/26–14/10 °C by shifting to 18/14 °C. The greatest increase for basal root growth occurred at 14/10–10/6 °C and for stem root growth at 14/10 °C. The temperature shift did not affect either root type. Maximum increase for stem length was at 26/22 and 22/18 °C and for stem plus leaf weight at 14/10 °C under constant temperature regimes. Transferring the plants from 10/6 to 18/14 °C resulted in the greatest increase in stem length and from 10/6 and 14/10 to 18/14 °C in the greatest increase in stem plus leaf weight. The greatest increase in the number of leaves occurred at 26/22 and 10/6 °C, but this growth parameter was unaffected by shifting to 18/14 °C, indicating that leaf number was determined in GP-1. Bulbils developed only when bulbs at high GP-1 temperature regimes (30/26 and 26/22 °C) were transferred to 18/14 °C during GP-2. Lower temperatures tended to favor an increase in flower bud production under continuous temperature regimes, while shifting to 18/14 °C increased flower bud production after initially high and low temperatures. Meristem abortion was greatest at 30/26 °C followed by 26/22 °C, but was not affected by temperature shifts in GP- 2. Thus, it is concluded that the abortion was induced or initiated during GP-1.}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}, author={Kim, S. H. and Niedziela, C. E., Jr. and Nelson, P. V. and De Hertogh, A. A. and Swallow, W. H. and Mingis, N. C.}, year={2007}, month={Mar}, pages={95–98} }
 @article{niedziela_mullins_reed_swallow_eberly_2005, title={Comparison of four production systems for dutch iris in a tobacco transplant greenhouse}, volume={15}, number={1}, journal={HortTechnology}, author={Niedziela, C. E. and Mullins, C. D. and Reed, T. D. and Swallow, W. H. and Eberly, E.}, year={2005}, pages={173–176} }
 @article{bryan_pesic-vanesbroeck_schultheis_pecota_swallow_yencho_2003, title={Cultivar decline in sweetpotato: I. Impact of micropropagation on yield, storage root quality, and virus incidence in 'Beauregard'}, volume={128}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Bryan, A. D. and Pesic-Vanesbroeck, Z. and Schultheis, J. R. and Pecota, K. V. and Swallow, W. H. and Yencho, G. C.}, year={2003}, pages={846–855} }
 @article{nelson_kowalczyk_niedziela_mingis_swallow_2003, title={Effects of relative humidity, calcium supply, and forcing season on tulip calcium status during hydroponic forcing}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1879-1018"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0304-4238(03)00034-7}, abstractNote={Abstract The tulip ( Tulipa gesneriana L.) cultivars ‘Abra’, ‘Christmas Marvel’, ‘Golden Melody’, and ‘Jingle Bell’ were forced hydroponically during two early forcing periods (FPs) and ‘Golden Melody’ and ‘Oscar’ during two late FP. Treatments were factorial combinations of two relative humidity (RH) levels (42 and 82%) and five Ca(NO 3 ) 2 levels (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mM). The study was conducted in growth chambers at a constant 19 °C and a 14 h daylength in which 70 μmol s −1  m −2 PPF was provided by cool white florescent lamps. Calcium uptake and accumulation were less at 82% RH as compared to 42% RH; however, the incidence of Ca deficiency symptoms did not increase at the higher RH. A 2.5 mM Ca(NO 3 ) 2 solution prevented Ca deficiency symptoms in all cultivars except ‘Abra’ during all FP. Plants in FP4 (26 March–18April) weighed less and accumulated less Ca than the same cultivars in the earlier FP. Calcium uptake and transpiration were lower in distilled water and 20 mM Ca(NO 3 ) 2 than other Ca(NO 3 ) 2 treatments after day 22 in FP1 (22 December–26 January). Total Ca content was lower in the flowers of ‘Golden Melody’ tulips forced in distilled water than the Ca(NO 3 ) 2 treatments. Calcium dry weight (DW) concentration and total Ca content in the flowers of ‘Golden Melody’ tulips forced at 42% RH were higher than at 82% RH. Total Ca content in the flowers of ‘Golden Melody’ tulips decreased from FP3 to FP4.}, number={4}, journal={SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}, author={Nelson, PV and Kowalczyk, W and Niedziela, CE and Mingis, NC and Swallow, WH}, year={2003}, month={Sep}, pages={409–422} }
 @article{tebbs_swallow_2003, title={Estimating ordered binomial proportions with the use of group testing}, volume={90}, ISSN={["0006-3444"]}, DOI={10.1093/biomet/90.2.471}, abstractNote={This paper considers group testing when the probability of response is increasing across the levels of an observed covariate. We illustrate how previously known results in order‐restricted inference can be extended to situations wherein data are collected according to a group‐testing protocol, and we derive maximum likelihood estimators for proportions under the increasing order restriction and group‐testing model. Finally, we show how the use of group testing can dramatically reduce the bias and mean squared error of isotonic regression estimators obtained from one‐at‐a‐time testing. These proposed methods are illustrated using data from an observational HIV study conducted in Houston, Texas.}, number={2}, journal={BIOMETRIKA}, author={Tebbs, JM and Swallow, WH}, year={2003}, month={Jun}, pages={471–477} }
 @article{tebbs_swallow_2003, title={More powerful likelihood ratio tests for isotonic binomial proportions}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1521-4036"]}, DOI={10.1002/bimj.200390037}, abstractNote={Binomial group testing involves pooling individuals into groups and observing a binary response on each group. Results from the group tests can then be used to draw inference about population proportions. Its use as an experimental design has received much attention in recent years, especially in public-health screening experiments and vector-transfer designs in plant pathology. We investigate the benefits of group testing in situations wherein one desires to test whether or not probabilities are increasingly ordered across the levels of an observed qualitative covariate, i.e., across strata of a population or among treatment levels. We use a known likelihood ratio test for individual testing, but extend its use to group-testing situations to show the increases in power conferred by using group testing when operating in this constrained parameter space. We apply our methods to data from an HIV study involving male subjects classified as intraveneous drug users.}, number={5}, journal={BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL}, author={Tebbs, JM and Swallow, WH}, year={2003}, pages={618–630} }
 @article{villavicencio_blankenship_sanders_swallow_2001, title={Ethylene and carbon dioxide concentrations in attached fruits of pepper cultivars during ripening}, volume={91}, ISSN={["0304-4238"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0304-4238(01)00249-7}, abstractNote={Ethylene and CO2 concentrations in peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) were studied throughout maturity in three pepper cultivars (‘Camelot’, ‘King Arthur’ and ‘Tabasco’) under both greenhouse and field conditions. Air samples were withdrawn from the locular cavity of attached fruits under ambient conditions to determine ethylene and CO2 concentrations by gas chromatography. Both variables differed with the stage of maturity for all cultivars. Ethylene concentration ranged from 0 to 0.244 μl l−1, and CO2 concentration ranged from 6.05 to 206.5 mg l−1. Concentration of both gases increased in ripening fruits of ‘Camelot’ and ‘King Arthur’. In ‘Tabasco’ fruits grown under greenhouse conditions, CO2 concentration increased once fruits started developing red coloration. However, this peak was absent in ‘Tabasco’ fruits grown in the field. In general, all cultivars exhibited characteristics intermediate between climacteric and non-climacteric fruits.}, number={1-2}, journal={SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}, author={Villavicencio, LE and Blankenship, SM and Sanders, DC and Swallow, WH}, year={2001}, month={Nov}, pages={17–24} }
 @article{villavicencio_blankenship_sanders_swallow_1999, title={Ethylene and carbon dioxide production in detached fruit of selected pepper cultivars}, volume={124}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Villavicencio, L. and Blankenship, S. M. and Sanders, D. C. and Swallow, W. H.}, year={1999}, pages={402–406} }
 @article{hung_swallow_1999, title={Robustness of group testing in the estimation of proportions}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1541-0420"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.0006-341X.1999.00231.x}, abstractNote={In binomial group testing, unlike one-at-a-time testing, the test unit consists of a group of individuals, and each group is declared to be defective or nondefective. A defective group is one that is presumed to include one or more defective (e.g., infected, positive) individuals and a nondefective group to contain only nondefective individuals. The usual binomial model considers the individuals being grouped as independent and identically distributed Bernoulli random variables. Under the binomial model and presuming that groups are tested and classified without error, it has been shown that, when the proportion of defective individuals is low, group testing is often preferable to individual testing for identifying infected individuals and for estimating proportions of defectives. We discuss the robustness of group testing for estimating proportions when the underlying assumptions of (i) no testing errors and (ii) independent individuals are violated. To evaluate the effect of these model violations, two dilution-effect models and a serial correlation model are considered. Group testing proved to be quite robust to serial correlation. In the presence of a dilution effect, smaller group sizes should be used, but most of the benefits of group testing can still be realized.}, number={1}, journal={BIOMETRICS}, author={Hung, M and Swallow, WH}, year={1999}, month={Mar}, pages={231–237} }
 @article{swallow_wehner_1989, title={Optimum allocation of plots to years, seasons, locations, and replications, and its application to once-over-harvest cucumber trials}, volume={43}, ISSN={0014-2336 1573-5060}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00037897}, DOI={10.1007/BF00037897}, number={1-2}, journal={Euphytica}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Swallow, William H. and Wehner, Todd C.}, year={1989}, month={Sep}, pages={59–68} }