@article{daly_chieng_araka_mboya_imali_swarthout_njenga_pickering_harris_2024, title={Enteric Pathogens in Humans, Domesticated Animals, and Drinking Water in a Low-Income Urban Area of Nairobi, Kenya}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1520-5851"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c10041}, DOI={10.1021/acs.est.4c10041}, abstractNote={To explore the sources of and associated risks with drinking water contamination in low-income, densely populated urban areas, we collected human feces, domesticated animal feces, and source and stored drinking water samples in Nairobi, Kenya in 2019; and analyzed them using microbial source tracking (MST) and enteric pathogen TaqMan Array Cards (TACs). We established host-pathogen relationships in this setting, including detecting}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY}, author={Daly, Sean W. and Chieng, Benard and Araka, Sylvie and Mboya, John and Imali, Christine and Swarthout, Jenna M. and Njenga, Sammy M. and Pickering, Amy J. and Harris, Angela R.}, year={2024}, month={Nov} }
 @article{daly_foster_willetts_putri_priadi_harris_2024, title={Exposure Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistant <i>E. coli</i> via Self-Supplied Drinking Water in Indonesia: Evaluating Boiling and Storage Practice Effectiveness}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2690-0637"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00381}, DOI={10.1021/acsestwater.4c00381}, journal={ACS ES&T WATER}, author={Daly, Sean W. and Foster, Tim and Willetts, Juliet and Putri, Gita L. and Priadi, Cindy and Harris, Angela R.}, year={2024}, month={Sep} }
 @article{harris_daly_pickering_mrisho_harris_davis_2023, title={Safe Today, Unsafe Tomorrow: Tanzanian Households Experience Variability in Drinking Water Quality}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1520-5851"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c05275}, DOI={10.1021/acs.est.3c05275}, abstractNote={Measuring Escherichia coli in a single-grab sample of stored drinking water is often used to characterize drinking water quality. However, if water quality exhibits variability temporally, then one-time measurement schemes may be insufficient to adequately characterize the quality of water that people consume. This study uses longitudinal data collected from 193 households in peri-urban Tanzania to assess variability in stored water quality and to characterize uncertainty with different data collection schemes. Households were visited 5 times over the course of a year. At each visit, information was collected on water management practices, and a sample of stored drinking water was collected for E. coli enumeration. Water quality was poor for households, with 80% having highly contaminated (>100 CFU per 100 mL) water during at least one visit. There was substantial variability of water quality for households, with only 3% of households having the same category (low, medium, or high) of water quality for all five visits. These data suggest a single sample would inaccurately characterize a household's drinking water quality over the course of a year and lead to misestimates of population level access to safe drinking water.}, number={45}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY}, author={Harris, Angela R. and Daly, Sean W. and Pickering, Amy J. and Mrisho, Mwifadhi and Harris, Michael and Davis, Jennifer}, year={2023}, month={Nov}, pages={17481–17489} }
 @article{daly_harris_2022, title={Modeling Exposure to Fecal Contamination in Drinking Water due to Multiple Water Source Use}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1520-5851"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c05683}, DOI={10.1021/acs.est.1c05683}, abstractNote={The Joint Monitoring Programme estimated that 71% of people globally had access to “safely managed” drinking water in 2017. However, typical data collection practices focus only on a household’s primary water source, yet some households in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) engage in multiple water source use, including supplementing improved water supplies with unimproved water throughout the year. Monte Carlo simulations and previously published data were used to simulate exposure to fecal contamination (as measured by E. coli) along a range of supplemental unimproved source use rates (e.g., 0–100% improved water use, with the remainder made up with unimproved water). The model results revealed a statistically significant increase in annual exposure to E. coli when individuals supplement their improved water with unimproved water just 2 days annually. Additionally, our analysis identified scenarios–realistic for the data set study setting–where supplementing with unimproved water counterintuitively decreases exposure to E. coli. These results highlight the need for evaluating the temporal dynamics in water quality and availability of drinking water sources in LMICs as well as capturing the use of multiple water sources for monitoring global access to safe drinking water.}, number={6}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Daly, Sean W. and Harris, Angela R.}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={3419–3429} }
 @article{kotlarz_holcomb_pasha_reckling_kays_lai_daly_palani_bailey_guidry_et al._2023, title={Timing and Trends for Municipal Wastewater, Lab-Confirmed Case , and Syndromic Case Surveillance of COVID-19 in Raleigh, North Carolina}, volume={113}, ISSN={["1541-0048"]}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/54927766/}, DOI={10.2105/AJPH.2022.307108}, abstractNote={ Objectives. To compare 4 COVID-19 surveillance metrics in a major metropolitan area.  Methods. We analyzed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in wastewater influent and primary solids in Raleigh, North Carolina, from April 10 through December 13, 2020. We compared wastewater results with lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases and syndromic COVID-like illness (CLI) cases to answer 3 questions: (1) Did they correlate? (2) What was the temporal alignment of the different surveillance systems? (3) Did periods of significant change (i.e., trends) align?  Results. In the Raleigh sewershed, wastewater influent, wastewater primary solids, lab-confirmed cases, and CLI were strongly or moderately correlated. Trends in lab-confirmed cases and wastewater influent were observed earlier, followed by CLI and, lastly, wastewater primary solids. All 4 metrics showed sustained increases in COVID-19 in June, July, and November 2020 and sustained decreases in August and September 2020.  Conclusions. In a major metropolitan area in 2020, the timing of and trends in municipal wastewater, lab-confirmed case, and syndromic case surveillance of COVID-19 were in general agreement.  Public Health Implications. Our results provide evidence for investment in SARS-CoV-2 wastewater and CLI surveillance to complement information provided through lab-confirmed cases. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(1):79–88. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307108 ) }, number={1}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH}, publisher={American Public Health Association}, author={Kotlarz, Nadine and Holcomb, David A. and Pasha, Tanvir and Reckling, Stacie and Kays, Judith and Lai, Yi-Chun and Daly, Sean and Palani, Sivaranjani and Bailey, Erika and Guidry, Virginia T. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Jan}, pages={79–88} }
 @article{daly_lowe_hornsby_harris_2021, title={Multiple water source use in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review}, ISBN={1996-7829}, DOI={10.2166/wh.2021.205}, abstractNote={AbstractThe Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) 2017 Update and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Baselines report classified 71% of the global population as having access to ‘safely managed’ drinking water. Current global monitoring efforts to track access to safely managed drinking water rely on collecting information on the ‘primary’ source of drinking water. However, there is evidence that households often rely on multiple sources to meet their water needs in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review was designed to compile the literature related to the practice of multiple water source use (MWSU) for drinking water in LMICs. A total of 5,318 studies were collected, and after abstract and full-text review, 74 articles were identified for inclusion. Studies reviewed reported from 4 to 100% of the study populations practicing MWSU. Additionally, the practice of supplemental unimproved source use was reported globally, representing households with improved primary source water also accessing unimproved water sources throughout the year. These findings expose gaps in current global water monitoring efforts, revealing potential inflation of reports of ‘safe drinking water access’ and unaccounted exposure to drinking water from unimproved sources.}, journal={JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH}, author={Daly, Sean and Lowe, Jeremy and Hornsby, Gracie and Harris, Angela}, year={2021} }