Thomas A Birkland

Also known as: Tom Birkland; Thomas Birkland

public policy, disaster policy, environmental policy, policy process, American politics, emergency management

I am a Professor of Public Policy in the School of Public and International Affairs at North Carolina State University. I am also currently the Associate Dean for Research and Engagement in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences My research work has two broad, overlapping themes. I am a theorist of the public policy process, working in the "policy process" tradition to understand how public policy changes. I am particularly interested in whether and to what extent policy changes as the result of sudden events we call focusing events.​​ I am also an internationally known expert in the politics of disasters and crises. I have studied a range of such events, from oil spills to nuclear power accidents, to earthquakes, hurricanes, and other natural phenomena. I've also written about food poisoning, schools shootings, and other events that changed--or, perhaps, should have changed--public policy.

Works (100)

Updated: April 4th, 2024 00:39

2023 article

Estimating the effect of policy entrepreneurship on individual vaccination behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic

Taylor, K., DeLeo, R. A., Albright, E., Koebele, E. A., Birkland, T. A., Crow, D. A., … Shanahan, E. A. (2023, December 6). EUROPEAN POLICY ANALYSIS, Vol. 12.

By: K. Taylor*, R. DeLeo*, E. Albright*, E. Koebele*, T. Birkland n, D. Crow, M. Zhang, E. Shanahan*

author keywords: COVID-19; policy change; policy entrepreneurs; policy implementation; vaccination; emprendedores de politicas; cambio de politicas; implementacion de politicas; vacunacion
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 2, 2024

2023 article

Policy entrepreneurs and individuals: Influence and behavior in pandemic response

Taylor, K., DeLeo, R. A., Albright, E. A., Shanahan, E. A., Li, M., Koebele, E. A., … Birkland, T. A. (2023, May 2). PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Vol. 5.

By: K. Taylor*, R. DeLeo*, E. Albright*, E. Shanahan*, M. Li*, E. Koebele*, D. Anderson Crow, T. Birkland n

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: May 22, 2023

2023 journal article

Visual policy narrative messaging improves COVID-19 vaccine uptake

PNAS NEXUS, 2(4).

By: E. Shanahan*, R. DeLeo*, E. Albright*, M. Li*, E. Koebele*, K. Taylor*, D. Crow*, K. Dickinson* ...

Ed(s): J. Bavel

author keywords: narrative risk communication; visual policy narratives; COVID-19; vaccine behavior; risk perception
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (OpenAlex)
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: October 16, 2023

2022 article

Can Common Pool Resource Theory Catalyze Stakeholder-Driven Solutions to the Freshwater Salinization Syndrome?

Grant, S. B., Rippy, M. A., Birkland, T. A., Schenk, T., Rowles, K., Misra, S., … Zhong, Y. (2022, September 14). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 9.

By: S. Grant*, M. Rippy*, T. Birkland n, T. Schenk*, K. Rowles, S. Misra*, P. Aminpour*, S. Kaushal* ...

author keywords: Inland Freshwater Salinization; Environmental Regulations; Ion Thresholds; Common Pool Resource Theory; Elinor Ostrom Social-Ecological Systems
MeSH headings : Carbon; Drinking Water; Ecosystem; Fresh Water / chemistry; Sodium; Soil; United States
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: September 15, 2022

2022 article

Policy learning and change during crisis: COVID-19 policy responses across six statesPalabras Clave(sic)(sic)(sic)

Crow, D. A., DeLeo, R. A., Albright, E. A., Taylor, K., Birkland, T., Zhang, M., … Cage, C. (2022, October 9). REVIEW OF POLICY RESEARCH.

author keywords: COVID-19; policy change; policy learning; state policymaking
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science
Added: October 11, 2022

2022 article

The United States in Chinese environmental policy narratives: Is there a trump effect?Palabras Clave(sic)(sic)(sic)

Ba, Y., Schwaeble, K., & Birkland, T. (2022, August 16). REVIEW OF POLICY RESEARCH, Vol. 8.

By: Y. Ba*, K. Schwaeble* & T. Birkland n

author keywords: Chinese policy narratives; cross-system interactions; global environmental governance; NPF; public policy process; US-Sino rivalry
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (OpenAlex)
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 18, 2022

2021 journal article

Addressing the contribution of indirect potable reuse to inland freshwater salinization

NATURE SUSTAINABILITY, 4(8), 699–707.

By: S. Bhide*, S. Grant*, E. Parker*, M. Rippy*, A. Godrej*, S. Kaushal*, G. Prelewicz*, N. Saji* ...

Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: May 24, 2021

2021 journal article

Governing in a Polarized Era: Federalism and the Response of US State and Federal Governments to the COVID-19 Pandemic

PUBLIUS-THE JOURNAL OF FEDERALISM, 51(4), 650–672.

By: T. Birkland n, K. Taylor*, D. Crow* & R. DeLeo*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (OpenAlex)
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 15, 2021

2021 journal article

Toward a rational and ethical sociotechnical system of autonomous vehicles: A novel application of multi-criteria decision analysis

PLOS ONE, 16(8), e0256224.

By: V. Dubljevic n, G. List n, J. Milojevich*, N. Ajmeri n, W. Bauer n, M. Singh n, E. Bardaka n, T. Birkland n ...

Ed(s): Q. Yuan

MeSH headings : Accidents, Traffic / prevention & control; Attitude; Automation / ethics; Automation / legislation & jurisprudence; Automobile Driving / psychology; Autonomous Vehicles / ethics; Autonomous Vehicles / legislation & jurisprudence; Decision Support Techniques; Humans; Models, Statistical; Morals; Ownership / economics; Surveys and Questionnaires
TL;DR: The results suggest that two of these scenarios, namely regulated privately-owned introduction or fleet ownership or autonomous vehicles would be less likely to cause harm than either the status quo or the unfettered options. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID, Crossref
Added: August 14, 2021

2020 journal article

Clinicians, cooks, and cashiers: Examining health equity and the COVID-19 risks to essential workers

TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH, 36(9), 689–702.

author keywords: COVID-19; essential workers; social determinants of health; health equity
MeSH headings : Adolescent; Adult; COVID-19 / prevention & control; COVID-19 / psychology; Commerce; Cooking; Demography / statistics & numerical data; Female; Health Equity; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Personnel; Humans; Industry / statistics & numerical data; Infection Control / methods; Male; Middle Aged; Pandemics; Social Determinants of Health; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Young Adult
TL;DR: Findings highlight ways in which COVID-19 exacerbates existing socioeconomic vulnerabilities faced by EWs, which are discussed in the context of persistent structural inequalities, systemic racism, and health inequities within the United States. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
1. No Poverty (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: December 21, 2020

2020 entry reference

Crisis Agenda-Setting and Aviation Security Policy After the September 11 Attacks

By: Z. Lewis, K. Schwaeble & T. Birkland*

Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: November 24, 2020

2019 entry reference

Agenda Setting and the Policy Process: Focusing Events

By: T. Birkland* & K. Schwaeble

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (OpenAlex)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: July 29, 2020

2019 book

An introduction to the policy process: theories, concepts, and models of public policy making

(Fourth Edition). New York: Routledge.

By: T. Birkland

Event: at New York

Source: ORCID
Added: July 29, 2020

2019 journal article

Breaking the Ice: ISE to Play Key Role in Shaping Arctic’s Future

ISE Magazine, 51(11), 28–33.

By: T. Sharkey, T. Birkland, M. Grabowski, M. Lowe & W. Wallace

Sources: ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: July 29, 2020

2019 entry reference

Natural Hazards Governance: An Overview of the Field

By: T. Birkland*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (OpenAlex)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: July 29, 2020

2019 chapter

The Politics and Governance of Mitigation

In The Routledge Handbook of Urban Disaster Resilience (pp. 76–91).

By: K. Taylor & T. Birkland*

Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: November 24, 2020

2017 journal article

Citizen participation in disaster recovery projects and programmes in rural communities: a comparison of the Haiti earthquake and Hurricane Katrina

Disasters, 42(3), 498–518.

By: L. Pyles*, J. Svistova*, S. Ahn* & T. Birkland n

author keywords: capabilities approach; disaster recovery; Haiti earthquake; Hurricane Katrina; participation
MeSH headings : Community Participation / statistics & numerical data; Cyclonic Storms; Earthquakes; Female; Haiti; Humans; Male; Relief Work / organization & administration; Rural Population / statistics & numerical data; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
TL;DR: Results reveal that physical injuries, limited community mobility, and government trust increase recovery participation in Haiti, whereas emotional distress and homeownership decrease it, and on the Gulf Coast of the US, physical injuries and higher civic engagement augment recovery participation, while homeownership and age reduce it. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 chapter

Focusing Events, Risk, and Regulation

In E. J. Balleisen, L. S. Bennear, K. D. Krawiec, & J. B. Wiener (Eds.), Policy Shock (pp. 107–128).

By: T. Birkland* & M. Warnement

Ed(s): E. Balleisen, L. Bennear, K. Krawiec & J. Wiener

Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 25, 2019

2016 other

Attention and natural disasters

By: T. Birkland*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (OpenAlex)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 25, 2019

2016 journal article

Conceptualizing resilience

Politics and Governance, 4(4), 117–120.

By: T. Birkland n

author keywords: community; disasters; governance; resilience; sustainability
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 book

Policy Process Theory and Natural Hazards

In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science.

By: T. Birkland*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (OpenAlex)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: March 20, 2019

2015 book

An Introduction to the Policy Process: Theories, Concepts, and Models of Public Policy Making

(4th ed.). New York: Routledge.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 28, 2019

2015 chapter

Critical Infrastructure in Extreme Events

In D. L. Kleinman, K. A. Cloud-Hansen, & J. Handlesman (Eds.), Controversies in Science and Technology (Fourth, pp. Chapter 3). New York: Oxford University Press.

By: T. Birkland & M. Warnement

Ed(s): D. Kleinman, K. Cloud-Hansen & J. Handlesman

Event: at New York

Sources: NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: April 21, 2019

2015 chapter

Focusing events and policy windows

In Routledge Handbook of Public Policy.

By: T. Birkland* & S. DeYoung

Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 25, 2019

2015 chapter

Organizational and Policy Learning: Post Crisis Assessments

In N. Schiffino, L. Taskin, C. Donis, & J. Raone (Eds.), Organizing after Crisis: The Challenge of Learning (pp. 235–256). Brussels: Peter Lang.

By: M. Warnement & T. Birkland

Ed(s): N. Schiffino, L. Taskin, C. Donis & J. Raone

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 29, 2019

2015 article

Pathways of Power: The Dynamics of National Policymaking

Birkland, T. A., & Kretzer, W. T. (2015, September). AMERICAN REVIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Vol. 45, pp. 627–629.

By: T. Birkland n & W. Kretzer n

Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 article

Focusing Events in Disasters and Development

DISASTER AND DEVELOPMENT: EXAMINING GLOBAL ISSUES AND CASES, pp. 39–60.

By: T. Birkland n & M. Warnement n

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 review

Catastrophic politics: How extraordinary events redefine perceptions of government

[Review of ]. Public Opinion Quarterly, 77(4), 1032–1034.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 chapter

Disasters, Focusing Events, and Sociolegal Studies

In S. Sterrett (Ed.), Disaster and Sociolegal Studies. New Orleans: Quid Pro Books.

By: T. Birkland

Ed(s): S. Sterrett

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 29, 2019

2012 journal article

Building a Theory of Recovery: Institutional Dimensions

International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 30(2), 147–170.

By: G. Smith & T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 29, 2019

2011 journal article

Emergency Response, Doctrinal Confusion, and Federalism in the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

PUBLIUS-THE JOURNAL OF FEDERALISM, 41(3), 471–493.

By: T. Birkland n & S. DeYoungy

Contributors: T. Birkland n & S. Deyoung n

Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 review

Learning from catastrophes: Strategies for reaction and response

[Review of ]. Public Administration, 89(3), 1201–1494.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 chapter

Federal Disaster Policy Learning, Priorities, and Prospects for Resilience

In A. Boin, L. Comfort, & C. Demchak (Eds.), Designing Resilience: Preparing for Extreme Events. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

By: T. Birkland

Ed(s): A. Boin, L. Comfort & C. Demchak

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 28, 2019

2010 journal article

Retrospectives and Prospectives on Hurricane Katrina: Five Years and Counting

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, 70(5), 669–678.

By: L. Comfort*, T. Birkland n, B. Cigler* & E. Nance*

Contributors: L. Comfort*, T. Birkland n, B. Cigler* & E. Nance*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 book review

Review of Robert R M. Verchick, Facing Catastrophe: Environmental Action for a Post-Katrina World

[Review of ]. H-Net Reviews. http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=30991

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 21, 2019

2009 journal article

Advancing FEMA in the Post-9/11 World

[Invited comment]. Natural Hazards Observer, 34(2), 18–20.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 21, 2019

2009 journal article

Disaster Research and Social Network Analysis: Examples of the Scientific Understanding of Human Dynamics at the National Science Foundation

POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW, 28(1), 1–10.

By: L. Suter*, T. Birkland n & R. Larter*

Contributors: L. Suter*, T. Birkland n & R. Larter*

TL;DR: It is discussed how NSF funding supported studies of these disasters and what was expected from the funded projects, and the kinds of new scientific knowledge that has been gained are described. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 journal article

Disaster Research and Social Network Analysis: Examples of the Scientific Understanding of Human Dynamics at the National Science Foundation

Population Research and Policy Review, 27(6), 1–10.

By: L. Suter, T. Birkland & R. Later

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 29, 2019

2009 journal article

Disasters, Catastrophes, and Policy Failure in the Homeland Security Era

REVIEW OF POLICY RESEARCH, 26(4), 423–438.

By: T. Birkland n

Contributors: T. Birkland n

author keywords: disaster and risk management; homeland security; national governance; policy change; policy failure
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 journal article

Disasters, lessons learned, and fantasy documents

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 17(3), 146–156.

By: T. Birkland n

Contributors: T. Birkland n

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

2009 newspaper article

Economics Nobel Sends a Message

Birkland, T. A. (2009, October 14). Charlotte Observer. http://www.charlotteobserver.com/viewpoint/story/999836.html

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

2009 chapter

Emergency Management and the Courts in the Wake of Hurricane Katrina

In A. Sarat & J. Lezaun (Eds.), Catastrophe: Law, Politics, and the Humanitarian Impulse. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.

By: T. Birkland

Ed(s): A. Sarat & J. Lezaun

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 29, 2019

2009 newspaper article

FEMA Again a Victim of Politics

Birkland, T. A. (2009, May 8). Wilmington Star-News. http://www.starnewsonline.com/article/20090508/ARTICLES/905084006?Title=Thomas-Birkland-FEMA-again-a-victim-of-politics.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 21, 2019

2009 journal article

Media Framing and Policy Change After Columbine

AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST, 52(10), 1405–1425.

By: T. Birkland n & R. Lawrence*

Contributors: T. Birkland n & R. Lawrence*

author keywords: news media; framing; school violence; agenda setting
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 newspaper article

Still Too Much Risk in the Beach Plan

Birkland, T. A. (2009, September 22). News and Observer. http://www.newsobserver.com/opinion/columnists_blogs/story/60531.html.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

2009 chapter

The Politics and Policy Challenges of Disaster Resilience

In C. P. Nemeth, E. Hollnagel, & S. Dekker (Eds.), Resilience engineering perspectives: Vol. 2: Preparation and Restoration. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

By: T. Birkland & S. Waterman

Ed(s): C. Nemeth, E. Hollnagel & S. Dekker

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

2008 article

Disaster policy and politics: Emergency management and homeland security

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, Vol. 5.

By: T. Birkland*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (OpenAlex)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

Environmental and socioeconomic dynamics of the Indian Ocean tsunami in Penang, Malaysia

Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 29(3), 307–324.

By: B. Horton*, M. Bird*, T. Birkland*, S. Cowie*, O. Eong*, A. Hawkes*, G. Khoon*, L. Law* ...

Contributors: B. Horton*, M. Bird*, T. Birkland*, S. Cowie*, O. Eong*, A. Hawkes*, G. Khoon*, L. Law* ...

author keywords: emergency response; Malaysia; tsunami; vulnerability; social capital
Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

2008 journal article

Is federalism the reason for policy failure in Hurricane Katrina?

PUBLIUS-THE JOURNAL OF FEDERALISM, 38(4), 692–714.

By: T. Birkland n & S. Waterman*

Contributors: T. Birkland n & S. Waterman*

Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Emergency management in the courts: Trends after September 11 and Hurricane Katrina

Justice System Journal, 28(1), 20–35. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34147172702&partnerID=MN8TOARS

By: T. Birkland & C. Schneider

Contributors: T. Birkland & C. Schneider

Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

2007 book

Encyclopedia of media and politics

Washington, D.C: CQ Press.

Thomas Birkland

Ed(s): T. Schaefer & T. Birkland

Event: at Washington, D.C

Source: ORCID
Added: July 29, 2020

2007 journal article

Review of Meeting the Challenge of 9/11: Blueprints for More Effective Government

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 4(2).

By: T. Birkland*

Sources: NC State University Libraries, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 conference paper

Socio-technological systems integration to support Tsunami warning and evacuation

Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

By: R. Little*, T. Birkland*, W. Wallace* & P. Herabat*

Contributors: R. Little*, T. Birkland*, W. Wallace* & P. Herabat*

Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

2007 article

The Storm

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, Vol. 4.

By: T. Birkland*

Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 chapter

Agenda Setting

In F. Fischer, G. Miller, & M. S. Sidney (Eds.), Handbook of Public Policy Analysis. New York: Taylor and Francis.

By: T. Birkland

Ed(s): F. Fischer, G. Miller & M. Sidney

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

2006 book

Encyclopedia of Media and Politics

Washington: CQ Press.

Thomas Birkland

Ed(s): T. Schaefer & T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

2006 chapter

Environmental Policy in New York State

In J. Stonecash & R. Pecorella (Eds.), Chapter in Governing New York State (4th ed.). Albany: State University of New York Press.

By: T. Birkland, S. Madden, J. Mapes, K. Roe & A. Stein

Ed(s): J. Stonecash & R. Pecorella

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

2006 conference paper

Learning from disaster: The process and politics of learning from earthquakes and other extreme events

8th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2006, 15, 8752–8761. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84865856107&partnerID=MN8TOARS

By: T. Birkland

Contributors: T. Birkland

Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

2006 book

Lessons of Disaster: Policy Change After Catastrophic Events

In Georgetown University Press.

Thomas Birkland

Source: ORCID
Added: June 7, 2020

2006 book

Lessons of Disaster: Policy Change after Catastrophic Events

Washington: Georgetown University Press.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

2006 journal article

The impact of the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on tourism in Thailand

Earthquake Spectra, 22(SUPPL. 3).

By: T. Birkland*, P. Herabat*, R. Little* & W. Wallace*

Contributors: T. Birkland*, P. Herabat*, R. Little* & W. Wallace*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

2005 journal article

Review of Mark Considine, Making Public Policy: Institutions, Actors, Strategies

Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 7(4), 371–372.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: June 8, 2019

2004 journal article

"The world changed today": Agenda-setting and policy change in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks

Review of Policy Research, 21(2), 179–200.

By: T. Birkland*

Contributors: T. Birkland*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

2004 report

Emergency Planning and the Judiciary: Lessons from September 11

Retrieved from Center for Court Innovation website: www.courtinnovation.org

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

2004 journal article

Environmental Successes and Continued Challenges in the Hudson Valley

Albany Law Environmental Outlook, 8(2), 187–211.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

2004 journal article

Everything Has Changed—Or Has It? Policy Change in the Months after September 11

Review of Policy Research, 21(2), 177–198.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

2004 journal article

Guns, hollywood, and school safety: Defining the school-shooting problem across public arenas

Social Science Quarterly, 85(5 SPEC. ISS.), 1193–1207.

By: R. Lawrence* & T. Birkland*

Contributors: R. Lawrence* & T. Birkland*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

2004 report

Information, Technology and Coordination: Lessons from the World Trade Center Response

Albany, NY: Center for Technology in Government, University at Albany, SUNY.

By: S. Dawes, T. Birkland, G. Tayi & C. Schneider

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: June 8, 2019

2004 article

Information, Technology, and Coordination: Lessons from the World Trade Center Response

Dawes, S. S., Birkland, T., Tayi, G. K., & Schneider, C. A. (2004, June). Center for Technology in Government, SUNY Albany.

By: S. Dawes, T. Birkland, G. Tayi & C. Schneider

Source: ORCID
Added: July 29, 2020

2004 journal article

Learning and policy improvement after disaster: The case of aviation security

American Behavioral Scientist, 48(3), 341–364.

By: T. Birkland*

Contributors: T. Birkland*

author keywords: terrorism; aviation security; policy change; policy learning; agenda setting; policy process; September 11 attacks
Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

2004 journal article

Risk, disaster, and policy in the 21st century: Introduction

American Behavioral Scientist, 48(3), 275–280.

By: T. Birkland*

Contributors: T. Birkland*

Source: ORCID
Added: April 18, 2019

2003 report

Information Needs for Sustainable Development

In Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (ELOSS). The United Nations Educational, Social and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and EOLSS Publishers.

By: T. Birkland & J. Krausnick

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

2003 newspaper article

Jokes Aside, The Case for Being Prepared

Birkland, T. A. (2003, February 20). Times Union (Albany, NY).

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 21, 2019

2003 report

Major Terrorism Events and Their U.S. Outcomes (1988-2001)

(Working Paper No. 107). Boulder, Colorado: Natural Hazards Research Applications and Information Center.

By: C. Rubin, W. Cumming, I. Renda-Tanali & T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

2003 journal article

River ecology and flood hazard mitigation

Natural Hazards Review, 4(1), 46–54.

By: T. Birkland*, R. Burby, D. Conrad*, H. Cortner* & W. Michener*

Contributors: T. Birkland*, R. Burby, D. Conrad*, H. Cortner* & W. Michener*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

2002 newspaper article

New York's Beasts of Burden: Counties are creatures of the state, so mandates come with the turf

Birkland, T. A. (2002, September 13). Newsday (Long Island).

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 21, 2019

2002 journal article

Program evaluation in a challenging authorizing environment: Intergovernmental and interorganizational factors

New Directions for Evaluation, 2002(95), 5–22.

By: K. Fredericks*, J. Carman* & T. Birkland*

Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

2002 journal article

The Social and Political Meaning of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill

Spill Science and Technology Bulletin, 7(1-2), 3–4.

By: T. Birkland* & R. Lawrence*

Contributors: T. Birkland* & R. Lawrence*

author keywords: oil spills; Exxon Valdez; public policy
Sources: ORCID, NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 16, 2019

2001 journal article

Expertise and policy change after "focusing events"

Journal of Urban Technology, 8(3), 121–124.

By: T. Birkland

Contributors: T. Birkland

Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

2001 newspaper article

Our Political System Will Keep Doing its Job

Birkland, T. A. (2001, September 30). Times Union (Albany, NY).

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 24, 2019

2001 book review

Review of Rutherford Platt, Disasters and Democracy

[Review of ]. Environmental Hazards.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 21, 2019

2001 journal article

Scientists and coastal hazards: Opportunities for participation and policy change

Environmental Geosciences, 8(1), 61–67. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34250198145&partnerID=MN8TOARS

By: T. Birkland

Contributors: T. Birkland

Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

2001 chapter

The Exxon Valdez and Alaska in the American Imagination

In S. Biel (Ed.), American Disasters. New York: New York University Press.

By: T. Birkland & R. Lawrence

Ed(s): S. Biel

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

2000 journal article

Business and political dimensions in disaster management

Journal of Public Policy, 20(3), 275–303.

By: T. Birkland* & R. Nath*

Contributors: T. Birkland* & R. Nath*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

2000 newspaper article

Earthquakes and Weather: Lessons for Policy and Science

Birkland, T. A. (2000, April). [Guest editorial]. Weatherzone.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: June 8, 2019

1998 journal article

[Review of Economic Consequences of Earthquakes: Preparing for the Unexpected, by B. G. Jones]. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 16(2), 221–222.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: June 17, 2019

1998 journal article

Disasters and the Courts' Agenda

Judges’ Journal, 37(4), 7–11.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

1998 journal article

Environmental taxes: China's bold initiative

Environment, 40(7). http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0345451015&partnerID=MN8TOARS

By: T. Birkland

Contributors: T. Birkland

Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

1998 journal article

Focusing Events, Mobilization, and Agenda Setting

Journal of Public Policy, 18(1), 53–74.

By: T. Birkland*

Contributors: T. Birkland*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (OpenAlex)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: April 18, 2019

1998 journal article

In the Wake of the Exxon Valdez: How Environmental Disasters Can Spur Policy Change

Environment, 40(7), 4–9 , 27–32.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

1998 journal article

In the wake of the Exxon Valdez: How environmental disasters influence policy

Environment, 40(7). http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0345698799&partnerID=MN8TOARS

By: T. Birkland

Contributors: T. Birkland

Source: ORCID
Added: April 18, 2019

1998 journal article

Law, policymaking, and the policy process: closing the gaps

Policy Studies Journal, 26(2), 227–243. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032415493&partnerID=MN8TOARS

By: S. Barclay & T. Birkland

Contributors: S. Barclay & T. Birkland

Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

1998 journal article

National Earthquake Probabilistic Hazard Mapping Program

[Review of , by E. Mittler, C. Taylor, & W. Petak]. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 16(3), 371–373.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: June 8, 2019

1997 book

After Disaster: Agenda Setting, Public Policy, and Focusing Events

Washington: Georgetown University Press.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

1997 book

After Disaster: Agenda Setting, Public Policy, and Focusing Events

In Georgetown University Press.

Thomas Birkland

Source: ORCID
Added: June 7, 2020

1997 journal article

Factors inhibiting a national hurricane policy

Coastal Management, 25(4), 387–403.

By: T. Birkland*

Contributors: T. Birkland*

author keywords: disaster policy; earthquakes; hurricanes; natural disasters
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (OpenAlex)
Sources: Crossref, ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

1996 journal article

Natural Disasters as Focusing Events: Policy Communities and Political Response

International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 14(2), 221–243.

By: T. Birkland

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2019

1994 journal article

Earthquake risk reduction: an examination of local regulatory efforts

Environmental Management, 18(6), 923–937.

By: P. May* & T. Birkland*

Contributors: P. May* & T. Birkland*

author keywords: EARTHQUAKES; RISK REDUCTION; HAZARDS POLICY
Source: ORCID
Added: March 16, 2019

1990 journal article

Integrating Strategic Planning and Budgeting: A Case Study at the New Jersey Department of Transportation

Transportation Research Record, 1305, 147–152.

By: C. Bishop-Edkins & T. Birkland

Sources: NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: April 12, 2019

chapter

Emergency Management, Climate Change, and Complex Governance in Arctic Alaska

In More than ‘nature’: Research on infrastructure and settlements in the North.

Thomas Birkland

Source: ORCID
Added: January 17, 2020

Employment

Updated: March 3rd, 2023 09:21

2007 - present

North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina, US
Professor Public Administration

2001 - 2007

University at Albany State University of New York Albany, NY, US
Director Center for Policy Research

1995 - 2007

University at Albany, SUNY Albany, NY, US
Assistant Professor; Associate Professor Public Administration

2006 - 2007

National Science Foundation Arlington, VA, US
Program Director, IMEE Civil and Mechanical Systems

1988 - 1990

New Jersey Department of Transportation Ewing, New Jersey, US
Assistant Manager Bureau of Strategic Planning

1987 - 1988

Office of the Governor of New Jersey Trenton, NJ, US
Analyst Authorities Unit

1985 - 1987

New Jersey Department of Transportation Ewing, NJ, US
Research Analyst Bureau of Policy Analysis

Education

Updated: August 17th, 2022 18:26

1990 - 1995

University of Washington Seattle, WA, US
Ph.D. Political Science

1984 - 1985

Rutgers University New Brunswick New Brunswick, NJ, US
MA Political Science Eagleton Institute of Politics and Political Science

1980 - 1984

University of Oregon Eugene, OR, US
BA (Cum Laude) Political Science

Funding History

Funding history based on the linked ORCID record. Updated: August 17th, 2022 18:33

grant September 1, 2020 - August 31, 2025
Collaborative Research: GCR: Common Pool Resource Theory as a Scalable Framework for Catalyzing Stakeholder-Driven Solutions to the Freshwater Salinization Syndrome
Directorate for Engineering
grant September 15, 2018 - August 31, 2022
NNA/Collaborative Research: Emergency Response in the Arctic (ERA): Investments for Global Capabilities and Local Benefits
Directorate for Engineering
grant February 1, 2014 - January 31, 2016
Workshop on Resilient Infrastructure For Sustainable Communities; Arlington, Virginia; 2014
Directorate for Engineering
grant September 15, 2011 - August 31, 2014
DRRC: Dynamics between Local and Foreign Actors: Influences on Capabilities in Post-Earthquake Rural Haiti and Hurricane Impacted Rural Gulf Coast
National Science Foundation
grant June 1, 2008 - May 31, 2013
Enabling the Next Generation of Hazards and Disasters Researchers
National Science Foundation
grant March 1, 2005 - February 29, 2008
HSD SGER: Physical and Social Infrastructure Impacts and Interdependencies in the December 2004 Tsunami in Southern Thailand
National Science Foundation
grant June 1, 2004 - May 31, 2008
Exploring Flood Mitigation Policy: A System Dynamics Approach
National Science Foundation
grant July 15, 1998 - June 30, 2002
Determinants of State-Level Disaster Policy Change, Improvement, and Learning
National Science Foundation

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