@article{davis_greenstein_2020, title={Households and work in their economic contexts: State-level variations in gendered housework performance before, during, and after the great recession}, volume={27}, ISSN={["2158-1576"]}, DOI={10.1080/14427591.2020.1741430}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Women remain largely responsible for the management and performance of domestic labor despite many shifts in both women’s and men’s economic activities. The Great Recession changed the economic landscape in the United States in important ways, affecting men’s economic experiences substantially. Some states were affected less by the recession, thereby providing households a buffer against its harmful effects. Understanding the social and economic contexts of housework such as those influenced by the Great Recession can yield important insights for contemporary American family life and make significant contributions to occupational science as a discipline. The purpose of this project is two-fold. First, we use 2003-2015 American Time Use Study data to examine housework performance before, during, and after the Great Recession. To what extent did the changing economic conditions associated with the Recession change how women and men allocated time to housework? Second, we situate households into geographic context to determine whether and how state-level employment opportunities (e.g., unemployment rate) and policies (e.g., minimum wage) shape women’s and men’s housework performance and how these state-level characteristics provided different contexts for housework before, during, and after the Great Recession. The results indicate that men’s housework hours increased over the three time periods, while women’s housework hours decreased. Individuals living in Census divisions characterized by less traditional gender ideologies reported performing less housework. This project demonstrates the power of social norms around housework performance and documents how housework remains a gendered occupation in the United States and thus a social problem related to the inequitable distribution of unpaid labor worth examining.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SCIENCE}, author={Davis, Shannon N. and Greenstein, Theodore N.}, year={2020}, pages={390–404} }
 @book{davis_greenstein_2020, title={Why Who Cleans Counts}, ISBN={9781447336747 9781447336792}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447336747.001.0001}, DOI={10.1332/policypress/9781447336747.001.0001}, abstractNote={While housework is an often-studied phenomenon, Why Who Cleans Counts frames the performance of housework as a way to understand power dynamics within couples. Using couple-level data from the United States-based National Survey of Families and Households (N = 3,906), we perform Latent Profile Analysis to identify five categories, or classes, of couples: Ultra-traditional, Traditional, Transitional Husbands, Egalitarian, and Egalitarian High Workload. The book describes how the housework classes and the behaviors of the couples within them reveal the power dynamics within the couples, power dynamics that center around gendered norms. Using Latent Trajectory Analysis, we follow the couples over time to examine change and stability in their housework performance; their behavior over time also reveals the use of power in their relationships. Finally, we examine the reported housework time of the adult children of the NSFH couples to determine the extent to which the power dynamics experienced in one’s childhood home shapes one’s own adult gendered performance of housework. The book concludes with suggestions for how practitioners and scholars might use the book’s findings given the changing demographics of the United States.}, publisher={Policy Press}, author={Davis, Shannon and Greenstein, Theodore}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @book{greenstein_davis_2013, title={Methods of family research}, DOI={10.4135/9781544308579}, abstractNote={Preface The Goal of This Text What's New in the Third Edition To the Student To the Instructor Organization of This Text Acknowledgments 1. Why Do Research on Families? What Are the Stages of Social Research? How Is Research on Families Different? The Benefits of Well-Conducted Research Study Questions For Further Reading 2. Causal Inference in Family Research Variables Units of Analysis Thinking Causally Framing the Hypothesis Causal Inference in Qualitative Research Study Questions For Further Reading 3. Searching and Reading the Literature Reading a Journal Article Where Do I Go From Here? How Do Journal Articles Get Published? Research Monographs Edited Volumes Other Types of Publications Study Questions For Further Reading 4. Sampling Issues Defining the Population Sampling Designs How Large Does the Sample Need to Be? How Do We Go About Choosing a Sampling Technique? Study Questions For Further Reading 5. How Do We Measure Concepts? Characteristics of a Good Measurement Procedure Levels of Measurement What Are Reliability and Validity? Some Thoughts on Reliability and Validity Study Questions For Further Reading 6. Working With Scales and Indices Types of Scales and Indices Using Existing Scales and Indices How Do We Evaluate Scales and Indices? How Do We Deal With Missing Data in Scales and Indices? Study Questions For Further Reading 7. Studying Families: Quantitative Methods Studying Families Through Experiments Studying Families Through Survey Methods Studying Families Through Nonreactive Techniques Types of Nonreactive Research Secondary Analysis of Sample Surveys Some Limitations of Quantitative Methods Study Questions For Further Reading 8. Studying Families: Qualitative Methods Qualitative Research Compared to Quantitative Research Types of Qualitative Strategies Studying Families through Observation Evaluating Qualitative Research Study Questions For Further Reading 9. Studying Families: Mixed Methods Mixed-Method Approaches to Family Research Mixed-Model Studies in Family Research Some Closing Thoughts on Choosing a Research Strategy Study Questions For Further Reading 10. Using Other People's Data Advantages and Disadvantages of Secondary Analysis What Are Some Sources of Data About Families? Sources of Secondary Data Sets Future Trends in Secondary Data Analysis Study Questions For Further Reading 11. Analyzing Data on Families Descriptive Statistics Interpreting Cross-classification Tables Inferential Statistics Commonly Reported Tests of Statistical Significance Some Thoughts About Statistical Analysis Study Questions For Further Reading 12. Advanced Topics in Family Analysis The Idea of Nested Entities Analyzing Nested Data Individual Change over Time Final Thoughts on Nested Entities Study Questions For Further Reading 13. Evaluating Family Programs Needs and Social Impact Assessment: What Is the Problem? Outcome Assessment: Does It Work? Process Research: How Does It Work? Some Thoughts About Randomization in Evaluation Research The Relationship Between Applied and Basic Research Study Questions For Further Reading 14. The Ethics and Politics of Family Research Ethical Issues in Research on Families and Children What Is the Role of the Institutional Review Board? Political Concerns in Research on Families Some Closing Thoughts Study Questions For Further Reading References Glossary and Index About the Authors}, publisher={Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE}, author={Greenstein, T. N. and Davis, S. N.}, year={2013} }
 @article{davis_greenstein_2009, title={Gender Ideology: Components, Predictors, and Consequences}, volume={35}, ISBN={["978-0-8243-2235-9"]}, ISSN={["0360-0572"]}, DOI={10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-115920}, abstractNote={The purpose of this article is to review research on the construction of gender ideology and its consequences. The article begins with a summary of research focused on measuring gender ideology—individuals' levels of support for a division of paid work and family responsibilities that is based on the belief in gendered separate spheres. We describe the ways this concept has been operationalized in widely available data sources and provide a categorization schema for the items used to measure gender ideology. We also review the research predicting gender ideology, focusing on social and demographic characteristics while concurrently examining studies using cross-sectional, trend, and panel data. Finally, this article summarizes research focused on the consequences of gender ideology, both in families and family-related behaviors and in other areas of social life where beliefs about gender are relevant, such as the workplace. We conclude with implications for future research for measurement tools, predictors of gender ideology, and consequences of ideology in individuals' lives.}, journal={ANNUAL REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY}, author={Davis, Shannon N. and Greenstein, Theodore N.}, year={2009}, pages={87–105} }
 @article{greenstein_2009, title={National Context, Family Satisfaction, and Fairness in the Division of Household Labor}, volume={71}, ISSN={["0022-2445"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00651.x}, abstractNote={ This study uses data from married women in 30 nations to examine justice processes involving perceptions of fairness of the division of household labor and satisfaction with family life. Relative deprivation theory suggests that national context—operationalized here as nation‐level gender equity—might serve as a comparative referent used by married women when making determinations of the fairness of the division of household labor. Multilevel analyses confirm that the effect of inequalities in the division of household labor on perceptions of fairness is moderated by national context, as is the effect of perceptions of fairness on satisfaction with family life. The effects are strongest in nations with high levels of gender equity, confirming two hypotheses suggested by relative deprivation theory. }, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY}, author={Greenstein, Theodore N.}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={1039–1051} }
 @article{davis_greenstein_marks_2007, title={Effects of union type on division of household Labor - Do cohabiting men really perform more housework?}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1552-5481"]}, DOI={10.1177/0192513X07300968}, abstractNote={ Using data from 17,636 respondents in 28 nations, this research uses multilevel modeling to compare the reported division of household labor and factors affecting it for currently married and currently cohabiting couples. Cohabiting men report performing more household labor than do married men, and cohabiting women report performing less household labor than do married women. The findings provide support for the time-availability, relative-resources, and gender-ideology perspectives. The effects of time availability and relative resources on the division of household labor are substantially the same for both union types, but gender ideology is more influential on the division of labor reported by cohabiting than by married respondents. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. }, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES}, author={Davis, Shannon N. and Greenstein, Theodore N. and Marks, Jennifer P. Gerteisen}, year={2007}, month={Sep}, pages={1246–1272} }
 @article{greenstein_davis_2006, title={Cross-national variations in divorce: Effects of women's power, prestige and dependence}, volume={37}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Comparative Family Studies}, author={Greenstein, T. N. and Davis, S. N.}, year={2006}, pages={253-} }
 @article{atkinson_greenstein_lang_2005, title={For women, breadwinning can be dangerous: Gendered resource theory and wife abuse}, volume={67}, ISSN={["0022-2445"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00206.x}, abstractNote={ To explain wife abuse, we offer a refinement of relative resource theory, gendered resource theory, which argues that the effect of relative resources is contingent upon husbands’ gender ideologies. We use data from the first wave of the National Survey of Families and Households (N =4,296) to test three theories of wife abuse. Resource theory receives no support. Relative resource theory receives limited support. Gendered resource theory receives strong support. Wives’ share of relative incomes is positively related to likelihood of abuse only for traditional husbands. The findings suggest that both cultural and structural forces must be considered to understand marriage as a context for social interactions in which we create our gendered selves.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY}, author={Atkinson, MP and Greenstein, TN and Lang, MM}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={1137–1148} }
 @article{davis_greenstein_2004, title={Cross-national variations in the division of household Labor}, volume={66}, ISSN={["0022-2445"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00091.x}, abstractNote={Using data from the International Social Justice Project, we describe the division of household labor in married couple households using a sample of 13 nations (N= 10,153). We find significant differences in the division of household labor based upon respondents’ nations of residence. We find support for the time availability approach; households where the wife is employed outside the home for pay are more likely to respond that husbands perform at least half of the household labor. We also find support for the relative resources approach; in households where wives’ education equals or exceeds that of their husbands, husbands are more likely to perform half of the household labor. We find little support for the economic dependence approach. We suggest that future cross‐national research should place individuals in context to determine why there are nation differences in the reported division of household labor.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY}, author={Davis, SN and Greenstein, TN}, year={2004}, month={Dec}, pages={1260–1271} }
 @article{davis_greenstein_2004, title={Interactive effects of gender ideology and age at first marriage on women's marital disruption}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1552-5481"]}, DOI={10.1177/0192513X03257795}, abstractNote={ A sample of ever-married women from the NLSY79 is analyzed to examine the effects of age at first marriage and gender ideology on the likelihood of experiencing marital disruption. The authors hypothesize that age at first marriage will have no effect on the likelihood of experiencing marital disruption for non-traditional women, but that there will be a strong negative effect for traditional women. The authors use the log-rate model for piecewise-constant rates to estimate the log odds of respondents’ hazard for experiencing a marital disruption separately for each of the three gender ideologygroups.Findingssuggest that ageat first marriage affects women’s likelihood of marital disruption contingent upon gender ideology. It is suggested that gender ideology is a lens through which women view the world and make decisions and that within each ideology category the factors that affect likelihood of divorce may differ as a result. }, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES}, author={Davis, SN and Greenstein, TN}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={658–682} }
 @book{greenstein_2001, title={Methods of family research}, ISBN={0761919481}, publisher={Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications}, author={Greenstein, T. N.}, year={2001} }
 @misc{greenstein_2001, title={Research in the sociology of work, vol 7, Work and family}, volume={30}, number={4}, journal={Contemporary Sociology}, author={Greenstein, T. N.}, year={2001}, pages={363–364} }
 @article{greenstein_2000, title={Economic dependence, gender, and the division of labor in the home: A replication and extension}, volume={62}, ISSN={["0022-2445"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00322.x}, abstractNote={The fundamental question in the study of the gendered division of household labor has come to be why, in the face of dramatic changes in women's employment and earnings, housework remains “women's work.” As a possible answer to this question, Brines (1994) presented a provocative conceptual model of the relationship between economic dependence and the performance of housework by wives and husbands. She concluded that the link between economic dependence and housework follows rules of economic exchange for wives, but among husbands, a gender display model is operative. This paper replicates and extends Brines' model by (a) replicating her work using a different data set; (b) adding additional controls to the model, including a measure of gender ideology; and (c) modeling a distributional (as opposed to absolute) measure of housework. For a measure of hours spent doing housework, the results of my analyses are consistent with Brines' suggestion of separate gender‐specific processes linking economic dependence and amount of housework performed. For a distributional measure of housework, on the other hand, my analyses contradict Brines' findings and suggest that both husbands and wives are acting to neutralize a nonnormative provider role when they do housework. Further analyses suggest that the phenomenon is more likely one of deviance neutralization than of gender display.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY}, author={Greenstein, TN}, year={2000}, month={May}, pages={322–335} }
 @inbook{greenstein_1999, title={Employment, early maternal}, booktitle={Encyclopedia of parenting theory and research / edited by Charles A. Smith.}, publisher={Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press/Plenum}, author={Greenstein, T. N.}, year={1999}, pages={154–155} }
 @inbook{greenstein_1999, title={Maternal employment}, booktitle={The encyclopedia of parenting theory and research.}, publisher={Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press}, author={Greenstein, T. N.}, year={1999} }
 @inproceedings{greenstein_1999, title={The causal structure of children's cognitive outcomes: Effects of family economic well-being and family structure}, volume={30}, number={1999}, booktitle={Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Chicago}, author={Greenstein, T. N.}, year={1999} }
 @inproceedings{greenstein_1998, title={Does housework cause divorce? Effects of the division of household labor and gender ideology on marital stability}, volume={29}, number={1998}, booktitle={Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, CA}, author={Greenstein, T. N.}, year={1998} }
 @article{greenstein_1997, title={Economic dependence, gender, and the division of labor in the home: A replication and extension}, volume={28}, number={1997}, journal={American Sociologist (Albany, N.Y.)}, author={Greenstein, T. N.}, year={1997} }