@article{ertem-eray_ki_2024, title={Exploring political corporate social responsibility: a qualitative content analysis of multinational corporations' diplomacy efforts during the Russia-Ukraine war}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1478-0852"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-10-2023-0110}, DOI={10.1108/JCOM-10-2023-0110}, abstractNote={Purpose Using political corporate social responsibility (PCSR) as a theoretical framework, this study aims to examine how multinational corporations (MNCs) can function as nonstate actors in public diplomacy efforts during the Russia–Ukraine war. Design/methodology/approach A thematic analysis using qualitative content analysis was conducted on 98 new releases from the websites of the top 50 MNCs listed in the Fortune Global 500. Findings The findings indicate that MNCs elucidate their initiatives aimed at providing a secure environment for war victims through their news releases, with notable variations in responses based on the companies' geographical location. MNCs also mentioned strengthening the power of public authorities by rebalancing power dynamics between governments and intergovernmental initiatives under war conditions. Originality/value This study is one of the first empirical investigations to research corporate diplomacy and explore the theoretical implications of PCSR for corporate diplomacy.}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT}, author={Ertem-Eray, Tugce and Ki, Eyun-Jung}, year={2024}, month={Jul} } @article{ertem-eray_olatunde_2024, title={The State of Public Diplomacy Research in the Public Relations Field: A Content Analysis of Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles}, url={https://doi.org/10.18848/2691-1507/CGP/v22i02/1-16}, DOI={10.18848/2691-1507/CGP/v22i02/1-16}, journal={Information, Medium, and Society: Journal of Publishing Studies}, author={Ertem-Eray, Tugce and Olatunde, Folasewa}, year={2024} } @article{ki_ertem-eray_hayden_2024, title={The evolution of digital public relations research}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1873-4537"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.pubrev.2024.102505}, number={5}, journal={PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW}, author={Ki, Eyun-Jung and Ertem-Eray, Tugce and Hayden, Gabriele}, year={2024}, month={Dec} } @article{ki_ertem-eray_hayden_2023, title={A bibliometric analysis of relationship management as a scholarly field from 1997 to 2022}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1873-4537"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2023.102286}, DOI={10.1016/j.pubrev.2023.102286}, abstractNote={This bibliometric study aims to evaluate the state of art of the relationship management literature over the period 1997–2022. Data from 22,926 citations from 219 articles published in six public relations journals enable us to conclude that research on relationship management has grown as it has become a popular topic. The explosive growth is more noticeable after 2010, when the number of articles and citations more than doubled. Peer-reviewed journal articles and books are the two major sources of citations. The topics of interest are: proposing frameworks, testing and validating relationship quality measures, and testing and advancing theories or models.}, number={1}, journal={PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ki, Eyun-Jung and Ertem-Eray, Tugce and Hayden, Gabriele}, year={2023}, month={Mar} } @article{ertem-eray_2023, title={Extending the cultural-economic model of public relations through Bourdieu's theoretical lens to inform public diplomacy efforts}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2046-1488"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X231180862}, DOI={10.1177/2046147X231180862}, abstractNote={ Several scholars have addressed the convergence of public relations and public diplomacy theories, and many have argued that public diplomacy needs to move beyond normative theories of communication. Yet little scholarly work has been done to date. To fill this gap, this study explores how critical and postmodern theoretical approaches can inform public diplomacy practice by extending the cultural–economic model (CEM) of public relations through Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice. Based on interviews with organizational members of Sister Cities International (SCI), this study suggests that critical–cultural and postmodern perspectives can inform SCI’s public diplomacy efforts by considering larger structural factors in tension with agency. Thus, this study contributes to both the development of robust international public relations theory and theory building in the public diplomacy field. Findings indicate that drawing on Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice (1997), social capital contributes to the notion of institutionalized relationships, such as family or resources, that individuals acquire through group memberships as found in articulations within the CEM. Additionally, although the CEM explains the connection between culture and power in creating meaning, Bourdieu’s notion of cultural capital makes explicit a focus on education, which is a significant focus of many public diplomacy efforts. Therefore, the term cultural capital provides additional insight into the model to inform public diplomacy efforts. Thus, this study extends the CEM through Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice by indicating the role of social capital and cultural capital in SCI’s public diplomacy efforts. }, number={3}, journal={PUBLIC RELATIONS INQUIRY}, author={Ertem-Eray, Tugce}, year={2023}, month={Sep}, pages={271–291} } @article{ertem-eray_ki_2022, title={Foreign-born public relations faculty members’ relationship with their universities as a soft power resource in U.S. public diplomacy}, volume={2}, DOI={10.23045/jpd.2022.2.1.5}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Public Diplomacy}, author={Ertem-Eray, T. and Ki, E. J}, year={2022}, pages={6–27} } @inbook{pompper_ertem eray_adae_amevor_diop_nadel_2021, place={United Kingdom}, title={Diversity at the Big Table: A Snapshot of Fortune 500 Boards of Directors}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80043-167-620211004}, DOI={10.1108/978-1-80043-167-620211004}, abstractNote={We enjoin stakeholder theory, radical-cultural feminist theory, and critical race theory with critical intersectionality to critique findings which suggest that there still are significantly more men than women on nearly every Fortune 500 board of directors, with only six corporations featuring (50-50%) gender equity in 2017. Also, only 4.1% board members are women of color and 9% are men of color. Sixty-five people of color on corporate boards serve on more than one board. This means there are even fewer people of color filling top corporate leadership positions than meets the eye. The proposed alternative course of action is for boards of directors to follow the example of the small handful of peer Fortune 500 corporations that have achieved greater levels of board diversity, equity, and inclusion.}, booktitle={Public Relations for Social Responsibility}, publisher={Emerald Publishing Limited}, author={Pompper, Donnalyn and Ertem Eray, Tugce and Adae, Eric Kwame and Amevor, Elinam and Diop, Layire and Nadel, Samantha}, editor={Pompper, D.Editor}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={51–69} } @article{pompper_ertem-eray_2021, title={Reconstructing the PR history time machine: Missing women and people of color in introductory textbooks}, volume={7}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Public Relations Education}, author={Pompper, D. and Ertem-Eray, T.}, year={2021}, pages={142–170} } @article{ertem-eray_ki_2022, title={Relational cultivation strategies and community building on Fortune 500 company corporate blogs}, volume={27}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-12-2020-0163}, DOI={10.1108/ccij-12-2020-0163}, abstractNote={PurposeAs the number of corporate blogs has continued to increase over the years, this study examines the use of relationship cultivation strategies of Fortune 500 companies on their corporate blogs. Moreover, it focuses on how companies use corporate blogs as interactive online communication channels to create a sense of community among their publics.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis of Fortune 500 company corporate blogs was conducted to examine the use of relational cultivation strategies and their methods of promoting a sense of community.FindingsFindings indicate that networking and sharing tasks are used most frequently among all relational cultivation strategies on corporate blogs, and that there are statistically significant differences among industries for using relationship cultivation strategies on corporate blogs. The most frequently used dimension of sense of community on corporate blogs is shared emotional connection.Originality/valueStudies analyzing social media as public relations tools have not yet focused on community building. In fact, few studies have examined the community building aspect of corporate blogs in the public relations field. To fill this gap, this study focuses on community building and analyzes how companies use corporate blogs as an interactive online communication channel to create a sense of community among their publics.}, number={1}, journal={Corporate Communications: An International Journal}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Ertem-Eray, Tugce and Ki, Eyun-Jung}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={188–203} } @article{ki_pasadeos_ertem-eray_2021, title={The structure and evolution of global public relations: A citation and Co-citation analysis 1983–2019}, volume={47}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102012}, DOI={10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102012}, abstractNote={As a subfield of public relations, global public relations has grown significantly over the past three decades. However, the state of knowledge about its structure and evolution remains unexplored. Who are the key players and what are the key works in the global public relations literature? Which primary research topics have been investigated over time? This study answers these questions by using bibliometric methods to examine published articles in scholarly global public relations research from 1983 to 2019. A total of 35,982 citations from 521 articles permit us to conclude that the field of global public relations has experienced exponential growth, especially during the last decade. Public Relations Review has been the primary outlet for publishing articles on global public relations. The topics of interest during this period can be generally categorized into three groups: culture or cultural dimensions of global public relations, application of public relations theories (e.g., Excellence Theory) and perspectives to other countries, and the introduction of public relations in other countries. The topic of public relations roles appeared in research only in 2000−2009, while public diplomacy emerged as a new theme in the literature in 2010−2019.}, number={1}, journal={Public Relations Review}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ki, Eyun-Jung and Pasadeos, Yorgo and Ertem-Eray, Tugce}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={102012} } @article{ertem-eray_2021, title={U.S. students' perceptions of international teaching assistants in the public relations field}, volume={7}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Public Relations Education}, author={Ertem-Eray, T.}, year={2021}, pages={122–152} } @article{ertem-eray_2021, title={Addressing corporate social responsibility in corporations: a content analysis of Amazon's and Walmart's websites}, volume={26}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-03-2020-0060}, DOI={10.1108/ccij-03-2020-0060}, abstractNote={PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze how Amazon and Walmart, two of the largest global companies, present the balance among their economic, social and environmental activities and construct their identities as good corporate citizens helping to create a sustainable world.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis methodology was applied to the companies' official websites in order to examine their corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) framework was used to provide coding categories.FindingsThe findings indicate that expectations and pressures from the public may help trigger companies to report their CSR efforts. In addition, this study also indicates that the triple bottom line TBL concept does not fully explain each companies' global CSR efforts.Originality/valueMost CSR studies have analyzed communication in only one country, rather than taking a global view. This study examines how Amazon and Walmart have constructed their identity as global corporate citizens and how they work to communicate their identity globally.}, number={3}, journal={Corporate Communications: An International Journal}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Ertem-Eray, Tugce}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={461–483} } @article{ertem-eray_ki_2020, title={Roles and functions of public relations practitioners in the resolution of conflicts in the U.S. and Turkey}, volume={13}, number={4}, journal={Public Relations Journal}, author={Ertem-Eray, T. and Ki, E.-J.}, year={2020}, pages={1–30} } @article{ki_pasadeos_ertem-eray_2019, title={Growth of public relations research networks: a bibliometric analysis}, volume={31}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1062726x.2019.1577739}, DOI={10.1080/1062726x.2019.1577739}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT This research reported and expanded on a 6-year citation study of published scholarly research in public relations that occurred between 2010 and 2015. This analysis built on the work of Pasadeos and his collaborators, who examined the literature’s most-cited works from the 2000s and 1990s, respectively, and studied the field’s research network. Moreover, this study expanded the scope of coverage by adding three international journals. Overall, this study found that public relations scholarship experienced quantitative and qualitative leaps during the last decade, and the areas of excellence theory, relationship management, and crisis communication were heavily researched across the journals examined, whereas stakeholder and corporate communication are major study areas in the international journals.}, number={1-2}, journal={Journal of Public Relations Research}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Ki, Eyun-Jung and Pasadeos, Yorgo and Ertem-Eray, Tugce}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={5–31} } @article{aslan_ertem eray_2019, title={HOW TO ANALYZE BIG DATA: A STUDY ON UNDERSTANDING WHAT THE TURKISH THINK ABOUT SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS}, volume={12}, ISSN={1302-2865}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18094/josc.596301}, DOI={10.18094/josc.596301}, abstractNote={The term big data is becoming an essential part of our lives since it is one of the pioneering components of the communication process providing us with real-time data and insights. However, it is a difficult task to process it. What is important at this stage is to create little stories out of big data and try to make them as meaningful as possible, say the experts. This paper seeks ways of making meaningful data out of the cloud called Syrian refugees crisis. The piece of news selected mentions Alan Kurdi in the headline. Comments made by Turkish readers in top online Turkish newspapers are evaluated according to the Perception Analysis Model (PAM) created. Comments used in this study are taken from Hurriyet, Sabah and ensonhaber.com and they were all under the first pieces of news about the boat which had Alan dated 02.09.2015. Perception Analysis Model includes three categories: emotions, attitudes, and behaviour are all examined through the categorical content analysis technique that is brought together to be able to make a better understanding of Turkish people’s way of thinking. This model includes working with the comments through coding. All the comments are coded in three different categories.}, number={2}, journal={SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ İLETİŞİM FAKÜLTESİ AKADEMİK DERGİSİ}, publisher={Selcuk Iletisim}, author={Aslan, Pınar and Ertem Eray, Tuğçe}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={763–780} } @inbook{ertem-eray_2019, place={Hershey, PA}, title={The Status of Digital Culture in Public Relations Research in Turkey}, ISSN={2327-929X 2327-9303}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6998-5.ch014}, DOI={10.4018/978-1-5225-6998-5.ch014}, abstractNote={As the number of internet users has increased, communication scholars have started to pay attention to the internet applications, and the research related to digital content has increased in the field of public relations. However, there is no systematic literature review about public relations research related to digital content in Turkey. Therefore, this chapter analyzes this topic through content analysis of published articles between 1999 and 2017. Findings suggest that even if the number of articles has increased in the field of public relations in Turkey, future research needs to go further and examine different research topics, apply different theoretical frameworks, provide balance in methodological approaches, and use various sample types. }, booktitle={Handbook of Research on Examining Cultural Policies Through Digital Communication}, publisher={IGI Global}, author={Ertem-Eray, Tugce}, editor={Dogan, B.O. and Unlu, D.G.Editors}, year={2019}, pages={292–307} } @article{eray_arslan_2019, title={Women and Public Relations: A Study on Turkey’s Female PR Experts}, volume={2}, url={https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.68}, DOI={10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.68}, abstractNote={As of 1980s, Turkey has been more active in the field of public relations thanks to the accelerating effects of globalization and formalization of public relations education. Female domination has long been the situation in the sector and this leads to the perception that public relations is a woman’s job. Since the literature review shows that there are few studies conducted in Turkey regarding the situation and the importance of women in the field of public relations is not emphasized enough, this study intends to make a current evaluation on the role and the place of Turkish women in the field of public relations. Therefore, female public relations experts and academics have been interviewed with the aim of detecting the place and importance of women in the field of public relations in Turkey. The data collected shows that the reason why there are more women than men in this field is the sexist point of view. Problems in the academic education and job definition of the profession result in the misperception of public relations in Turkey. It is seen that public relations which is associated with womanly behavior is not preferred by men as a profession. Furthermore, the fact that women work more as technicians whereas men work as executives in the sector and salaries are two issues that have come up throughout the study.}, number={4}, journal={Etkileşim}, publisher={Uskudar University}, author={Eray, Tuğçe Ertem and Arslan, Pınar}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={152–166} } @inbook{aslan_ertem-eray_2018, place={United Kingdom}, title={Creativity in Public Relations: What Do Award-Winning Campaigns Tell Us?}, ISSN={2398-3914}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s2398-391420180000003011}, DOI={10.1108/s2398-391420180000003011}, abstractNote={Abstract Creativity has become one of the most important features of communication campaigns due to the rise of new technologies. It is also targeted by the public relations sector to gain more attention of their publics. However, creativity is still a vague concept for the public relations field. Therefore, this study reports what creativity means for public relations and how creativity is achieved in the public relations sector. To do this, this study analyses public relations campaigns which are the winners of and shortlisted by PRWeek Awards and PRWeek Global Awards. Findings show that creative campaigns need to send messages that are original and adaptive, new and functional, and potentially useful. They drive consumer response, increase recall and product evaluations and also come up with new ideas, but they still focus on finding new ways to process old ideas.}, booktitle={Advances in Public Relations and Communication Management}, publisher={Emerald Publishing Limited}, author={Aslan, Pinar and Ertem-Eray, Tugce}, editor={Bowman, S. and Crookes, A. and Romenti, S. and Ihlen, Ø.Editors}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={185–195} } @article{ertem eray_2018, title={Storytelling in Crisis Communication}, volume={8}, ISSN={1986-3497}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/ojcmt/2358}, DOI={10.12973/ojcmt/2358}, abstractNote={Stories are effective communcation tools because there are no one who doesn’t like them. When a story is heard or listened, it can be a powerful communication tool to awake people’s emotions. Therefore organizations should use storytelling as an effective communication tool. Stories and storytelling are central parts of organizational life, shaping corporate culture and influencing corporate behavior. They help facilitate knowledge sharing, and solve problems and make decisions. They can have an effect on public’s opinion about the organizations. Stories have so many functions in organizations as a communication mechanism and one of them is to deal with crises. There are seven types of storytelling which are used in organizations. This study considers the one which is about how organizations deal with obstacles and aims to prove that storytelling can be used as a communication tool during a crisis. For this, examples are given to understand the current usage of storytelling in crisis communications.}, number={2}, journal={Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies}, publisher={Bastas Publications}, author={Ertem Eray, Tugce}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={131–144} } @article{ertem-eray_aslan_2018, title={Utilization of Social Networking Sites as Relationship Cultivation Tools by Metropolitan Municipalities in Turkey}, volume={3}, ISSN={2470-9247 2470-9255}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2470-9247/cgp/v03i01/1-12}, DOI={10.18848/2470-9247/cgp/v03i01/1-12}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Communication and Media Studies}, publisher={Common Ground Research Networks}, author={Ertem-Eray, Tugce and Aslan, Pinar}, year={2018}, pages={1–12} } @article{ertem eray_2017, title={Rol Çatışması, Rol Belirsizliği ve İş Tatmini Arasındaki İlişkiler: İletişim Fakültesi Dekanları Üzerine Bir Uygulama}, volume={6}, ISSN={1304-3846}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.31123/akil.437393}, DOI={10.31123/akil.437393}, abstractNote={Kurum ve kuruluşların etkili ve başarılı olmaları bir çok etkenle beraber yönetimin başarısına da bağlıdır. Her kademedeki yöneticinin rollerini tam anlamıyla bilmeleri ve yerine getirmeleri önem taşımaktadır. Bu anlamda, fakültelerin yönetiminden sorumlu dekanların da kendilerinden beklenen rolleri doğru bir şekilde yerine getirmeleri ve yaptıkları işten tatmin olmaları gerekmektedir. Rol çatışması, rol belirsizliği ve iş tatmini üzerine çok sayıda çalışmaya rastlanmakla beraber konuya akademik personel bağlamında yaklaşan çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, literatürdeki boşluğu doldurmak adına, Türkiye’deki iletişim fakültesi dekanları üzerinde, rol çatışması, rol belirsizliği ve iş tatmini arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde, oluşturulan soru formu Türkiye’deki İletişim Fakültesi dekanlarına uygulanmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde, rol çatışmasının iş tatmini üzerinde doğrudan bir etkisi olmadığı, rol belirsizliği ile iş tatmini arasında, negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.}, journal={Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi}, publisher={Akdeniz Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Dergisi}, author={Ertem Eray, Tuğçe}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={201–2013} } @book{ertem-eray_2016, place={Basım}, title={Catisma yonetimi ve halkla iliskiler = Conflict management and public relations}, publisher={Nobel}, author={Ertem-Eray, T.}, year={2016} } @article{erturk_ertem-eray_2016, title={Fenomenolojik bir kavram olarak kendilik ve sosyal aglarda kendilik sunumu ile narsistik egilimler iliskisi: Iletisim fakultesi (i.ü.i.f.) ogrencileri uzerine bir on calisma = Self entity as a phenomenological concept and the relation between self-presentation on social media and tendency of narcissism: A Study on the students of communication faculties (IUCF)}, volume={3}, DOI={10.21645/intermedia.2016318941}, abstractNote={Günümüzde sosyal ağ siteleri en popüler iletişim araçları arasında yer almaktadırlar. Bu araçlar aracılığıyla bireyler kişisel bilgilerini, fotoğraflarını kendi sayfalarında paylaşma imkanına sahip olmaktadırlar. Goffman'ın benlik sunumu teorisine göre, birbirini tanımayan kişiler birbirlerine birtakım bilgiler ileterek tanışırlar ve birbirleri hakkında belli izlenimler edinirler. Bu yazı çerçevesinde benlik ve narsisizm tanımlanırken narsistik göstergelerle sosyal ağlarda kendini sunma ilişkisinin ortaya konması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için İletişim Fakültesi öğrencilerinin sosyal medya kullanımları, kendini sunma amacıyla sosyal ağları ne ölçüde ve amaçla kullandıkları, (kendini sunma amacıyla ne amaçla yazıyor) narsisizm ölçeği sonuçları ile (ve olursa daha anlaşılır) sosyal ağ kullanım alışkanlıkları uygulanan bilgi formu ile karşılaştırmalı olarak tartışılmaktadır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde SPSS paket programı kullanılmış, narsisizm ile sosyal medya kullanımı arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için 'Korelasyon' analizi uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların araştırma yapmak, gündemi takip etmek, e-mail alışverişi, ve oyun-eğlence amacıyla interneti kullandıkları, internete hemen hemen her gün girdikleri ve sosyal ağları %97,3'ünün kullanmakta olduğu tesbit edilmiştir. Kendini ifşa, duygusal ifşa, ilgi çekme ve gerçek ve gizli kişilik özellikleri birlikteliğine bakılan çalışmada, en çok fotoğraf paylaştıkları saptanan örneklem grubunun narsistik dışa vurumları arttıkça sosyal ağlarda paylaşımda bulunma oranlarının artmakta olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: Sosyal Ağlar, Erving Goffman, benlik(kendilik), Narsisizm}, number={4}, journal={Intermedia International e-Journal}, author={Erturk, Y.D. and Ertem-Eray, T.}, year={2016}, pages={12–29} } @inbook{ertem-eray_2016, place={Ankara}, title={Kriz yonetimi = Crisis management}, booktitle={Halkla iliskiler uygulamalari = The practice of public relations}, publisher={Nobel}, author={Ertem-Eray, T.}, editor={Mengu, S.Editor}, year={2016}, pages={348–364} } @article{eray_2016, title={PUBLIC RELATIONS PROFESSIONALS’ PERCEPTION OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AS A MANAGEMENT FUNCTION}, volume={2}, ISSN={2056-9785 2056-9793}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.17349/jmc116208}, DOI={10.17349/jmc116208}, abstractNote={Conflicts are a part of daily life that people encounter at home, work, and in organizations. It is evident that organizational conflicts are becoming more complex. In this respect, it is important for senior executives not to disregard these conflicts and involve public relations professionals in the conflict management processes. Hence, it is expected that public relations professionals become participants in the strategic planning process and that senior management relies on their experience and talents during the strategic planning process of organizations and resolution of issues. Another definition of public relations has emerged over the past years, even though the recent definitions of public relations focus on developing mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics. Glen T. Cameron from University of Missouri defines public relations as management of conflict and competition strategically for the benefit of one’s own organization and, if possible, mutual benefit of organizations and individuals. It is impossible to disregard the influence of public relations professionals on managing the conflicts between an organization and its peers, and hence it is important to conduct further research on their approach to conflict management. With this motive, research questions have been generated based on the data presented by Professor Kenneth Plowman as a result of his analysis of strategic management of public relations in conflict management. Using the semi-structured interview technique, public relations professionals in Turkey were asked to describe their approach to conflict management.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Media Critiques}, publisher={University of Lincoln, School of Film and Media and Changer Agency}, author={Eray, Tugce Ertem}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={121–131} } @article{ertem-eray_2016, title={Perception of public relations students in Turkey towards work-life conflict}, volume={50}, journal={Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal}, author={Ertem-Eray, T.}, year={2016}, pages={57–72} } @article{ertem-eray_aslan_2016, title={Turkiye’de siyasal partilerin web sayfalarinin diyalojik iletisim acisindan incelenmesi (A study of the examination of web pages by Turkish political parties as a dialogic communication tool}, volume={1}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Inonu University Communication Faculty}, author={Ertem-Eray, T. and Aslan, A.}, year={2016}, pages={112–121} } @article{ertem-eray_2016, title={Utilization of corporate websites as a dialogic public relations tool in Turkey}, volume={6}, number={12}, journal={Global Media Journal}, author={Ertem-Eray, T.}, year={2016}, pages={201–213} } @inbook{erturk_ertem-eray_2015, place={Istanbul}, title={Arama motorlari ve sosyal paylasim aglari uzerinden kullanici tutumlarina gore internet reklamlari = Internet advertising through search engines and social media networks based on user behaviors}, booktitle={Yeni medya ve reklam = New media and advertising}, publisher={Derin Publishing}, author={Erturk, Y.D. and Ertem-Eray, T.}, editor={Ozkan, A. and Tandacgunes, N. and Dogan, B.O.Editors}, year={2015}, pages={67–109} } @inbook{ertem_2014, place={Istanbul}, title={Karikaturlerde dinin temsil bicimleri = Representation styles of religion in comics}, booktitle={Medya ve din = Media and religion}, publisher={Kopru Publishing}, author={Ertem, T.}, editor={Camdereli, M. and Dogan, B.O. and Senel, N.K.Editors}, year={2014}, pages={127–163} } @article{ertem_2014, title={Turkiye’de halkla iliskiler ajanslarinda degerlendirmenin yeri ve onemi = Place and importance of evaluation in public relations agencies in Turkey}, volume={6}, journal={Atatürk İletişim Dergisi = Journal of Ataturk Communication}, author={Ertem, T.}, year={2014}, pages={175–186} } @article{onay_ertem_2013, title={Execution of right to information act in the context of governance applications in Turkey and critics: Obstacles to participation is confidentiality}, volume={20}, journal={Journal of Akdeniz University Communication Faculty}, author={Onay, D.B. and Ertem, T.}, year={2013}, pages={48–66} } @article{reconstructing the pr history time machine: missing women and people of color in introductory textbooks, url={https://aejmc.us/jpre/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2021/09/JPRE-7.2.pdf#page=142} } @article{roles and functions of public relations practitioners in the resolution of conflicts in the u.s. and turkey, url={https://prjournal.instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/Ertem_Ki_PRJ_Oct-2020.pdf} } @article{the status of diversity research in public relations: an analysis of published articles, url={https://www.prismjournal.org/uploads/1/2/5/6/125661607/final_published_word_document_tugce_prism.pdf} } @article{u.s. students’ perceptions of international teaching assistants in the public relations field , url={https://aejmc.us/jpre/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2021/06/JPRE-71-5.22.21_editKO.pdf#page=122} }