@article{campbell_adams_shriver_2023, title={Critical Environmental Justice and Pandemic Events: Florida Farm Work during COVID-19}, volume={3}, ISSN={1939-4071 1937-5174}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/env.2022.0093}, DOI={10.1089/env.2022.0093}, abstractNote={Extant research has well established that exposure to infectious disease can be a significant problem for vulnerable populations that have been deemed "essential" during widespread health crises. We contribute to this growing body of literature by delineating the utility of the critical environmental justice (CEJ) framework for investigating infectious disease in the context of at-risk groups such as farmworker communities. Specifically, we highlight how the four pillars of CEJ are applicable to potential or real exposure to pathogens in farmworkers' living and working spaces, and how responses and support for these essential workers can be shaped by intersectional factors, the "expendability" of farmworkers, and broader state and corporate structural influences. We draw from a case study of Florida farmworker outreach professionals to center the perceptions and experiences of individuals working directly with farmworker communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude with a discussion of how our research contributes to the broader understanding of CEJ in the context of widespread health threats, as well as an overview of lessons learned for regulatory and health agencies.}, journal={Environmental Justice}, publisher={Mary Ann Liebert Inc}, author={Campbell, Madilena and Adams, Alison E. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{szabo_shriver_adams_2023, title={Discursive strategies and activist framing in anti-mining campaigns}, volume={3}, ISSN={1354-9839 1469-6711}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2023.2184779}, DOI={10.1080/13549839.2023.2184779}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT A rich body of literature has established the importance of activist framing in environmental controversies. This research suggests that framing and framing contests are nested within broader discursive opportunity structures, which have significant implications for frame resonance and success. While significant research on environmental activism has investigated how activists can fight against new industrial projects, comparatively less is known about how activists can fight against these initiatives in areas that have been historically dependent on extractive industries. We utilise the case of a proposed gold mining project in Western Romania to investigate how environmental activists were able to successfully tap into broader national and international discursive opportunities to forestall the mining efforts in the region. Our data come from in-depth interviews and document analysis. We contribute to this body of research by shedding light on the dynamics surrounding activists’ shifts in framing strategies to reflect changes in discursive opportunity availability.}, journal={Local Environment}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Szabo, Adriana and Shriver, Thomas E. and Adams, Alison E.}, year={2023}, month={Mar}, pages={1–13} }
 @article{adams_saville_shriver_2023, title={Folk art, storytelling, and space: Collective memory and pesticide exposure}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2514-8494"]}, DOI={10.1177/25148486231217883}, abstractNote={ Extant research regarding collective memory has established the importance of examining how socially constructed memories shape group identities, lived experiences, and realities over time. In addition, collective memory scholars have underscored the inextricable and co-shaping linkages between space, place, and collective memory. However, comparatively less is known about how collective memories are constructed and articulated in cases of environmental exposures. We argue that it is important to investigate the ways in which exposed communities preserve their stories and how their collective memories influence efforts to seek redress as well as push for broader social change. We examine a case of historical pesticide exposure and related illnesses and mortality among farmworkers in Central Florida. We ask how exposed communities translate their experiences into a cohesive collective memory, how cultural artifacts preserve their stories in the broader discursive context, and how they utilize various histories as a form of health activism. We draw on data including ten years of farmworker blog entries, in-depth interviews, and media coverage. Our analysis revealed how farmworkers created artifacts representative of their memories of environmental exposures and illnesses, as well as how they translated these experiences into a cohesive collective memory. }, journal={ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING E-NATURE AND SPACE}, author={Adams, Alison E. and Saville, Anne and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{adams_saville_shriver_2023, title={Race, Toxic Exposures, and Environmental Health: The Contestation of Lupus among Farmworkers}, volume={64}, ISSN={0022-1465 2150-6000}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00221465221132787}, DOI={10.1177/00221465221132787}, abstractNote={ Extant research has established that low-wage workers of color are at higher risk for occupational exposures. While the medical sociology literature regarding contested illness provides insights into the dynamics surrounding workplace exposures, some environmental illnesses such as lupus have gotten scant analytical attention. This is a significant gap because women of color, who are more likely to hold these high-risk jobs, are disproportionately affected by the disease. We examine a case of pesticide exposure among Black women farmworkers in Florida. We investigate how race and occupation intersect to shape lived experiences with toxics and what role race plays in the process of contesting exposures and illness. Our data include in-depth interviews (N = 36), media coverage, and archival materials. Our findings indicate that race-related factors played an important part in shaping the farmworkers’ experiences with exposures, illness, and interaction with elite actors. }, number={1}, journal={Journal of Health and Social Behavior}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Adams, Alison E. and Saville, Anne and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2023}, pages={136–151} }
 @article{bray_membrez-weiler_shriver_2022, title={Agrochemical Exposure & Environmental Illness: Legal Repression of Latin American Banana Workers}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1533-8525"]}, DOI={10.1080/00380253.2020.1841585}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Prior research on legal repression shows how elites use criminal law to demobilize collective challenges, yet social control efforts based in civil law have received inadequate attention. In this study, we develop the concept of elite legal framing to examine how corporations deploy “soft” forms of repression within the civil justice system. Drawing on court, government, and media documents, we analyze a series of transnational civil litigation cases over pesticide exposure on Dole-contracted banana plantations in Nicaragua. Results highlight how the corporate defendants promoted a corruption narrative that diffused through the media and legal system to successfully discredit farmworker claims.}, number={2}, journal={SOCIOLOGICAL QUARTERLY}, author={Bray, Laura A. and Membrez-Weiler, Nicholas J. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2022}, month={Apr}, pages={359–378} }
 @article{longest_adams_shriver_2022, title={Barriers to women's collective identity formation in contaminated communities}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2325-1042"]}, DOI={10.1080/23251042.2022.2070904}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Extant research emphasizes the resonance of gendered collective identities in mobilizing women’s environmental activism, particularly around motherhood and caregiving. Gaps remain, though, in our understanding of the specific barriers that can obstruct the formation of collective identity among groups of women who share environmental concerns. To interrogate this issue, we explore the case of two cancer clusters in North Carolina that many residents suspect are related to coal ash contamination. We use qualitative interviews with women affected by the clusters (n = 36) to identify factors that have inhibited the formation of a mobilizing collective identity. Our results suggest that the reciprocal relationship between disempowerment and isolation, as well as the compounding burdens of emotional and care labor associated with managing environmental illness, prevented the formation of a collective identity in this case. These findings highlight how factors particular to cases of environmental illness can forestall, rather than drive, women’s environmental activism.}, number={4}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGY}, author={Longest, Landen and Adams, Alison E. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2022}, month={Oct}, pages={413–423} }
 @article{szabo_shriver_longo_2022, title={Environmental threats and activism against extractive industries: The case of gold mining in Rosia Montana, Romania}, volume={92}, ISSN={["1873-1392"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.03.017}, DOI={10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.03.017}, abstractNote={Extractive industries often promise prosperity to less economically developed regions of the world. However, projects that rely on extractive industries such as mining often pose significant environmental threats to the host regions. The tension between economic promises and environmental impacts can spark significant conflict in rural communities. This study analyzes a proposed mining project in Roșia Montană, Romania, which pitted pro-mining proponents against local residents and activists. The data from this project come from in-depth interviews, company and NGO documents and extensive newspaper coverage of the proposed mine. The research examines how political threats can exacerbate environmental threats in cases of rural protest movements, as well as how the confluence of opportunities and threats shaped resistance to the proposed mine. Findings indicate that environmental threats can serve as a powerful mobilizing force in opposing risky development projects, even in economically depressed regions.}, journal={JOURNAL OF RURAL STUDIES}, author={Szabo, Adriana and Shriver, Thomas E. and Longo, Stefano}, year={2022}, month={May}, pages={26–34} }
 @article{longest_shriver_adams_2021, title={Cultivating quiescence in risk communities: coal ash contamination and cancer in two cities}, volume={31}, ISSN={0964-4016 1743-8934}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2021.1996729}, DOI={10.1080/09644016.2021.1996729}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Extant research on the management of environmental threats in risk communities highlights the control that state actors and other elites exercise over environmental risk assessments. However, less is known about the particular mechanisms of social control used by elected and other state officials to manipulate citizens’ interpretations of risk. We use the case of coal ash contamination in North Carolina to analyze strategies of control aimed at discouraging residents from identifying possible links between contamination and illness. Drawing on a variety of data sources, including in-depth interviews (n = 55) with area residents, we argue that these strategies of control have been central in fostering quiescence, or a lack of activism, in the affected communities. Our findings demonstrate the success of social control mechanisms in forestalling collective community responses to environmental risks as well as the ways expert narratives of exposure influence the public’s ability to identify environmental threats.}, number={7}, journal={Environmental Politics}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Longest, Landen and Shriver, Thomas E. and Adams, Alison E.}, year={2021}, month={Nov}, pages={1182–1202} }
 @article{wickham_shriver_2021, title={Emerging contaminants, coerced ignorance and environmental health concerns: The case of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1467-9566"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.13253}, DOI={10.1111/1467-9566.13253}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS}, author={Wickham, Grace M. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={764–778} }
 @article{shriver_bray_wilcox_szabo_2021, title={Human Rights and Dissent in Hybrid Environments: The Impact of Shifting Rights Regimes}, volume={63}, ISSN={0038-0253 1533-8525}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2021.1909444}, DOI={10.1080/00380253.2021.1909444}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Research indicates that social movements are shaped by increased opportunities and threats, yet this work rarely examines environments of intersecting opportunity and threat. This article extends the literature on political opportunity theory by explaining how shifting rights regimes influence the political context of movements. Specifically, we analyze how dissent in Communist Czechoslovakia responded to the expansion and contraction of rights across three political periods between 1948 and 1977. Our research delineates three key features of rights regimes and shows how variation across multiple scales creates “hybrid environments” of political opportunity and threat for social movements.}, number={3}, journal={The Sociological Quarterly}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Bray, Laura A. and Wilcox, Annika and Szabo, Adriana}, year={2021}, month={Apr}, pages={541–561} }
 @article{shriver_adams_longest_2021, title={“Cursed by Coal”: Climate Change and the Battle over Mining Limits in the Czech Republic}, volume={35}, ISSN={0894-1920 1521-0723}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2021.2003494}, DOI={10.1080/08941920.2021.2003494}, abstractNote={Abstract Global reliance on fossil fuels presents a significant obstacle to climate change mitigation. While numerous countries have committed to phasing out their reliance on fossil fuels, many have not followed through on their promises. We consider the Czech Republic, which is attempting to expand coal mining despite the industry’s history of environmental devastation. Drawing on the literatures regarding elite legitimation and fossil fuel industries’ legitimation strategies, we analyze the coal industry’s campaign to remove mining limits that were established after the country’s democratic transition in 1991. Data come from interviews and document analysis. While extant research has established how elites can reinforce their legitimacy, our research provides insight into the specific mechanisms deployed to diffuse potential legitimacy crises. Specifically, we found that elites utilized four mechanisms: amplification, vilification, pacification, and fearmongering. We conclude by providing a roadmap for future research analyzing elite strategies to defend actions that exacerbate climate change.}, number={2}, journal={Society & Natural Resources}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Adams, Alison E. and Longest, Landen}, year={2021}, month={Nov}, pages={111–128} }
 @article{shriver_wilcox_bray_2020, title={Elite Cultural Work and Discursive Obstruction of Human Rights Activism}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2329-4973"]}, DOI={10.1177/2329496519870554}, abstractNote={When challenged, states frequently respond with discursive campaigns meant to undercut the legitimacy of social movements. However, we know little about how the social and cultural status of challengers affects the state’s discursive response. We address this gap by analyzing an important historical case of human rights activism in Communist Czechoslovakia. Despite its long history of violence and repression, Czechoslovakia signed several international human rights covenants during the 1970s to improve its reputation. A group of citizens that included well-known political, social, and cultural figures soon formed a domestic movement for human rights known as Charter 77. Drawing on state media articles, we analyze the state’s public response to Charter 77. Results highlight four discursive strategies through which the state sought to undermine the cultural legitimacy of the movement: vilification through character assaults, message distortion that constructed activists as enemies of socialism, symbolic amplification of socialist values, and the co-optation of culturally valued identities to speak as state proxies. By further developing the concept of discursive obstruction, we show how the state navigated the complex cultural field in its effort to suppress high-profile human rights activists.}, number={1}, journal={SOCIAL CURRENTS}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Wilcox, Annika and Bray, Laura A.}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={11–28} }
 @article{shriver_longo_adams_2020, title={Energy and the Environment The Treadmill of Production and Sacrifice Zones in Czechoslovakia}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2374-538X"]}, DOI={10.1525/sod.2020.6.4.493}, abstractNote={Research has highlighted the relationship between production expansion and the creation of sacrifice zones in advanced capitalist economies. Yet, less attention has focused on the establishment of such regions within authoritarian, state-socialist countries. We draw theoretical and conceptual insights from treadmill of production theory and the Gramscian theory of hegemony to delineate the interaction between legitimation processes used by authoritarian states to justify the physical destruction of the environment. Our analysis focuses on the historic case of environmental destruction in Czechoslovakia’s North Bohemian coal mining region. We analyze data from various sources, including in-depth interviews with residents, state media articles, and state archival sources. We find that the interactive processes of coercion, domination, and consent were used to propel the development and legitimation of environmental exploitation in this area. We argue that these processes, and the resultant sacrifice zones, are a central component of the treadmill of production. We conclude by discussing the implications of our results for further analyses of sacrifice zones.}, number={4}, journal={SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Longo, Stefano B. and Adams, Alison E.}, year={2020}, pages={493–513} }
 @article{bodenhamer_shriver_2020, title={Environmental Health Advocacy and Industry Obstruction: The Case of Black Lung Disease}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1549-0831"]}, DOI={10.1111/ruso.12319}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={RURAL SOCIOLOGY}, author={Bodenhamer, Aysha and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={757–779} }
 @inbook{shriver_adams_longo_2020, place={Lanham, MD}, edition={4th}, title={Environmental Threats and Political Opportunities: Citizen Activism in the North Bohemian Coral Basin}, ISBN={9871538116777 9871538116791 9781538116784}, booktitle={Environmental Sociology: From Analysis to Action}, publisher={Rowman and Littlefield}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Adams, Alison E. and Longo, Stefano}, editor={King, Leslie and McCarthy Auriffeille, DeborahEditors}, year={2020}, pages={254–271} }
 @article{shriver_messer_whittington_adams_2020, title={Industrial pollution and acquiescence: living with chronic remediation}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1743-8934"]}, DOI={10.1080/09644016.2019.1654239}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Communities with a history of industrial production often face legacy pollution, or persistent contamination that remains long after production has ceased. Extant research informs our understanding of community mobilizing efforts around contamination, but much less is known about experience of living with chronic remediation. This research analyzes the circumstances and processes that contribute to inaction among residents living with legacy pollution and long-term cleanup. We use the case of Cushing, Oklahoma where remediation of two former oil refinery sites continued for over twenty years. The data for this project come from in-depth interviews, extensive fieldwork, government documents, court cases, and newspaper coverage of the contamination. Analysis revealed that several factors contributed to residents’ diminished capacity to understand and assess environmental problems in Cushing: informational chaos and procedural injustice; ambiguous environmental cues; conflicting interpretations of health problems in the community; and acquiescence.}, number={7}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Messer, Chris M. and Whittington, Jared R. and Adams, Alison E.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={1219–1238} }
 @article{messer_shriver_2020, title={Manufacturing American Identity Among Immigrant Workers: Colorado Fuel & Iron Company at the Turn of the 20(th) Century}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1467-6443"]}, DOI={10.1111/johs.12271}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY}, author={Messer, Chris M. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={184–197} }
 @article{shriver_szabo_bray_2020, title={Opportunity and threat behind the Iron Curtain: The failed diffusion of human rights activism in Romania}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1461-7242"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580920928925}, DOI={10.1177/0268580920928925}, abstractNote={ Research has highlighted the importance of diffusion processes for the emergence and spread of collective action, yet less attention has been paid to cases where diffusion fails to lead to successful campaigns. This article analyzes an instance of failed movement diffusion to explicate how proximate episodes of contention interact with domestic configurations of opportunity and threat. The authors draw on a failed human rights campaign in communist Romania. In the mid-1970s, several Eastern bloc nations signed international human rights covenants to improve international relations, unintentionally sparking dissident movements across the region. Activists in Romania sought to emulate Czechoslovakia’s dissident movement, Charter 77. But despite the success of its model, the Romanian campaign failed to materialize. This article analyzes the movement and finds that the failed diffusion resulted from a combination of limited structural opportunities at the domestic level, weak perceptions of collective efficacy, and the state’s use of flexible repression strategies. }, number={6}, journal={INTERNATIONAL SOCIOLOGY}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Szabo, Adriana M. and Bray, Laura A.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={739–757} }
 @article{adams_shriver_bray_messer_2020, title={Petrochemical Pollution and the Suppression of Environmental Protest}, volume={90}, ISSN={["1475-682X"]}, DOI={10.1111/soin.12321}, abstractNote={While research has established how elite actors can work to protect structures that contribute to environmental harm, relatively less is known about the cultural resources that can serve elite interests at the local level. In cases of localized pollution, multiple groups have vested interests in protecting corporate legitimacy. We draw on treadmill of production theory and collective identity to analyze a case of community petrochemical contamination. Specifically, we asked: (1) how elite actors appropriated cultural resources to protect productivity following a legitimization crisis; and (2) how discursive retaliation matters in understanding the pathways to violence when protest threatens an industrial community's economic identity. Our data for this research included in‐depth interviews, newspaper coverage, and archival data. Findings indicate that the corporation, the city, and corporate employees responded to local environmental activism with a discursive campaign that ultimately paved the way for widespread threats and retaliation against the residents. This research highlights the ways in which local proponents of the energy industry can take advantage of cultural resources to suppress challengers to the industry.}, number={3}, journal={SOCIOLOGICAL INQUIRY}, author={Adams, Alison E. and Shriver, Thomas E. and Bray, Laura A. and Messer, Chris M.}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={646–668} }
 @article{adams_shriver_longest_2020, title={Symbolizing Destruction Environmental Activism, Moral Shocks, and the Coal Industry}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1558-5468"]}, DOI={10.3167/nc.2020.150302}, abstractNote={Emotions can play an important role in the perception of grievances, yet we know little about how environmentalists strategically utilize emotions to bolster activism and garner support. Drawing on social movement and environmental sociological research, we analyze how moral shocks can be used to mobilize activists against environmentally destructive activities. We study the case of Libkovice, Czech Republic, where environmentalists battled against the coal industry to save a city from being razed to access coal reserves. The data come from in-depth interviews, organizational and documentary video, and archival documents. Findings indicate that environmentalists drew upon symbols of destruction, such as threats to the local church, to fuel anger and mobilize the campaign. Results show how symbolic environmental campaigns can serve as beacons for future protest.}, number={3}, journal={NATURE + CULTURE}, author={Adams, Alison E. and Shriver, Thomas E. and Longest, Landen}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={249–271} }
 @article{bray_shriver_adams_2019, title={Framing authoritarian legitimacy: elite cohesion in the aftermath of popular rebellion}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1474-2829"]}, DOI={10.1080/14742837.2019.1597698}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Protest activity presents a significant threat to state legitimacy in nondemocratic settings. Although authoritarian regimes rely heavily on coercion, state officials must also justify their authority to both the public and other elites. Previous work has shown how elites vilify challengers to legitimize repression, but scholars have yet to examine how state officials engage in meaning work to prevent elite divisions from forming in light of popular challenges to regime legitimacy. In this study, we examine elite framing processes in a case of popular resistance to a 1953 currency reform in Communist Czechoslovakia. Using archival material, we trace the inter- and intra-organizational processes through which officials construct legitimacy claims by explaining and adjudicating blame for the popular rebellion. Results indicate that authoritarian rulers relied on a variety of discursive mechanisms to generate consensus among subordinate elites and protect regime legitimacy. We conclude by discussing implications for research on authoritarianism and social movements.}, number={6}, journal={SOCIAL MOVEMENT STUDIES}, author={Bray, Laura A. and Shriver, Thomas E. and Adams, Alison E.}, year={2019}, month={Nov}, pages={682–701} }
 @article{messer_adams_shriver_2019, title={Living with chronic contamination: a comparative analysis of divergent psychosocial impacts}, volume={99}, ISSN={["1573-0840"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11069-019-03781-3}, number={2}, journal={NATURAL HAZARDS}, author={Messer, Chris M. and Adams, Alison E. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2019}, month={Nov}, pages={895–911} }
 @article{bray_shriver_adams_2019, title={Mobilizing Grievances in an Authoritarian Setting: Threat and Emotion in the 1953 Plzen Uprising}, volume={62}, ISSN={["1533-8673"]}, DOI={10.1177/0731121418791771}, abstractNote={Material and physical threat can play a crucial role in the emergence of protest, yet few studies have explored the micro-level mechanisms that transform threat into collective action under repressive conditions. We address this gap by connecting the mobilizing power of grievances to the emotional dynamics of collective action in the context of a 1953 uprising in Communist Czechoslovakia. Following economic reforms that wiped out citizens’ savings, several thousand workers in the industrial city of Plzeň took to the streets in protest. Drawing on data from in-depth interviews, our analysis shows how structural and incidental grievances can become a mobilizing force for high-risk activism. We find that the class position of protesters influenced their preexisting affective state and reactive response to the reform. As a result, class background helped to shape protesters’ motivations, actions, and goals. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for future research.}, number={1}, journal={SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES}, author={Bray, Laura A. and Shriver, Thomas E. and Adams, Alison E.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={77–95} }
 @article{shriver_adams_bray_2019, title={Political Power and Manufacturing Consent: The Case of the 1953 Plzen Protests}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1533-8525"]}, DOI={10.1080/00380253.2018.1526046}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Extant research has investigated the relationship between the powerful and the powerless in a variety of contexts. Understanding the processes undergirding political power is critical to uncovering subtle social control mechanisms, specifically as they contribute to public consent and quiescence. We draw on the case of protest in Communist Czechoslovakia to investigate the mechanisms elites employ to protect their legitimacy. Data include governmental and court archives, first and secondhand accounts, and in-depth interviews. Our findings provide a foundation for conceptualizing political power as a multidimensional interplay, and adds conceptual distinction between consent and quiescence as goals of political rule.}, number={1}, journal={SOCIOLOGICAL QUARTERLY}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Adams, Alison E. and Bray, Laura A.}, year={2019}, pages={26–45} }
 @article{adams_shriver_saville_webb_2018, title={Forty years on the fenceline: community, memory, and chronic contamination}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2325-1042"]}, DOI={10.1080/23251042.2017.1414660}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Residents living next to polluting industries are particularly vulnerable to toxic exposures and environmental illness. Cases of industrial contamination are shrouded in ambiguity and etiological uncertainty, making it difficult to delineate how residents understand their exposure and illness experiences. We analyze the case of Ponca City, Oklahoma to examine how residents’ collective memories and shared narratives inform their interpretations of long-term petrochemical exposure over a period of 40 years. The data for this project include: oral histories with residents; local media coverage regarding the contamination; and archival documents and artifacts that spanned this time frame. Our historical analysis of the case provides insights into how residents relied on lay ways of knowing to make sense of their exposure and illness experiences over time. We conclude by discussing the utility of examining collective memory in communities facing longstanding contamination and illness.}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGY}, author={Adams, Alison E. and Shriver, Thomas E. and Saville, Anne and Webb, Gary}, year={2018}, pages={210–220} }
 @article{shriver_bray_adams_2018, title={Legal Repression of Protesters: The Case of Worker Revolt in Czechoslovakia}, volume={23}, ISSN={1086-671X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-23-3-307}, DOI={10.17813/1086-671x-23-3-307}, abstractNote={Decades of scholarship have established that dissident activity provokes state repression when it threatens elite interests and legitimacy, but there has been research attention on how state repression diffuses through institutional channels such as courts. Legal settings operate as a key site for the construction and implementation of elite discursive strategies used to undercut the legitimacy of protesters and justify repression. Social movement research on repression and social control often glosses over these elite framing strategies, limiting our understanding of relationship between elite meaning work and repression. We address these gaps in the literature by examining the state's framing of a worker revolt against a 1953 currency reform in communist Czechoslovakia. Drawing on extensive archival materials, we analyze how the regime framed the event and how official frames influenced the legal repression of protest participants. Our research has important implications for understanding the relationship between legal repression and state cultural work.}, number={3}, journal={Mobilization: An International Quarterly}, publisher={Mobilization Journal}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Bray, Laura A. and Adams, Alison E.}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={307–328} }
 @article{allen_longo_shriver_2018, title={Politics, the State, and Sea Level Rise: The Treadmill of Production and Structural Selectivity in North Carolina's Coastal Resource Commission}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1533-8525"]}, DOI={10.1080/00380253.2018.1436945}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Treadmill of production theory offers a perspective for understanding the relationship between modern social institutions and environmental sustainability. We use this approach to analyze North Carolina’s Coastal Resource Commission (CRC), a state agency charged with overseeing economic development and environmental concerns on the coast. Data from CRC meetings provide insights into the policy-formation process and related policy outcomes associated with long-term ecological and social concerns, specifically related to sea-level rise. Findings indicate that the CRC continually developed policies and fashioned regulatory decisions that favored economic growth over environmental protection. Importantly, the CRC failed to prepare for the long-term effects of climate change, such as sea-level rise. Our analysis extends the treadmill of production perspective through a deeper engagement with Marxian state theorists. Our analysis suggests that the state’s various branches and levels contain internal “selectivities” that favor pro-growth policies while simultaneously filtering out stronger environmental protections.}, number={2}, journal={SOCIOLOGICAL QUARTERLY}, author={Allen, Jason S. and Longo, Stefano B. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2018}, pages={320–337} }
 @article{messer_shriver_adams_2018, title={The Destruction of Black Wall Street: Tulsa's 1921 Riot and the Eradication of Accumulated Wealth}, volume={77}, ISSN={["1536-7150"]}, DOI={10.1111/ajes.12225}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3-4}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY}, author={Messer, Chris M. and Shriver, Thomas E. and Adams, Alison E.}, year={2018}, pages={789–819} }
 @article{shriver_bodenhamer_2018, title={The enduring legacy of black lung: environmental health and contested illness in Appalachia}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1467-9566"]}, DOI={10.1111/1467-9566.12777}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Bodenhamer, Aysha}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={1361–1375} }
 @article{sanchez_adams_shriver_2017, title={Confronting Power and Environmental Injustice: Legacy Pollution and the Timber Industry in Southern Mississippi}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1521-0723"]}, DOI={10.1080/08941920.2016.1264034}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Research has documented how grass-roots activists deploy the environmental justice frame to convey their grievances and demand their right to health and safety. While scholars have highlighted the widespread success of this frame, little attention has been paid to instances where the environmental justice frame fails to resonate. Drawing from social movements and environmental justice literatures, we examine how local discursive and cultural contexts can pose barriers to environmental justice claims. Our case is based on legacy pollution from a decommissioned creosote facility in Southern Mississippi. When black residents discovered the pollution in their neighborhood, they made repeated appeals to authorities for remediation and compensation. After being denied inclusion in a lawsuit filed by white residents, they formed an environmental justice organization to mobilize support for their campaign. Findings reveal the importance of both historical contextualization and the social situation of frame deployers in analyses of the environmental justice frame.}, number={3}, journal={SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES}, author={Sanchez, Heather K. and Adams, Alison E. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2017}, pages={347–361} }
 @article{messer_shriver_beamon_2017, title={Official Frames and the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921: The Struggle for Reparations}, volume={4}, ISSN={2332-6492 2332-6506}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649217742414}, DOI={10.1177/2332649217742414}, abstractNote={ Movements that seek reparations against racial injustices must confront historic narratives of events and patterns of repression. These injustices are often legitimated through official narratives that discredit and vilify racial groups. This paper analyzes elite official frames in the case of the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921, in which an economically thriving African American neighborhood was destroyed. Our research examines the official frames that were promulgated by white elites in defending the violent repression and analyzes the ongoing efforts by reparations proponents to seek redress. We delineate the discursive mechanisms used by proponents to challenge the dominant white narrative of the riot and to campaign for reparations. We conclude by discussing the implications of our research for future research on racial injustices and reparations movements. }, number={3}, journal={Sociology of Race and Ethnicity}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Messer, Chris M. and Shriver, Thomas E. and Beamon, Krystal K.}, year={2017}, month={Dec}, pages={386–399} }
 @article{messer_shriver_adams_2017, title={The legacy of lead pollution: (dis)trust in science and the debate over Superfund}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1743-8934"]}, DOI={10.1080/09644016.2017.1304812}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Lead contamination is a significant health hazard in communities around the world, but this environmental toxin often remains unknown to residents living near hazardous sites. This research investigates a unique case where residents were informed of lead contamination but rejected official and scientific narratives regarding environmental risks. The case study involves a decommissioned smelter in Colorado. Drawing from data collected over three years, the researchers examine how officials and experts communicated the severity of environmental health hazards. Despite these efforts, residents opposed the Environmental Protection Agency’s attempts to place the site on the National Priorities List for federal cleanup. The government’s framing of science and environmental risk failed to resonate with homeowners, despite the known and significant scientific evidence confirming environmental health hazards, and residents’ perceptions of lead contamination were mitigated by material concerns, including property values and community stigma. Implications for future research on lead contamination, environmental risk, and trust in science are discussed.}, number={6}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS}, author={Messer, Chris M. and Shriver, Thomas E. and Adams, Alison E.}, year={2017}, pages={1132–1151} }
 @article{adams_shriver_2016, title={Challenging Extractive Industries: How Political Context and Targets Influence Tactical Choice}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1533-8673"]}, DOI={10.1177/0731121416641683}, abstractNote={ Drawing from literature on social movements, we investigate how movements in uncertain political contexts can challenge extractive and natural resource–intensive industries such as coal companies. Scholars have analyzed how citizens in Western democracies can confront powerful industries, yet comparatively little research has focused on challenges to coal elites in politically unstable settings. We focus on the community of Libkovice, Czech Republic, to examine how anticoal activists strategically protested against a coal industry in the midst of a transition from state control to corporate ownership. The data for this research were collected between 2000 and 2014, including in-depth interviews, documentary and raw organizational film footage, and archival materials. Findings reveal that ambiguous targets and uncertain political contexts can significantly influence how activists develop tactical repertoires. We conclude by discussing the implications of this research for future work on social movements generally and citizen efforts to challenge powerful extractive industries. }, number={4}, journal={SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES}, author={Adams, Alison E. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={892–909} }
 @article{longo_clark_shriver_clausen_2016, title={Sustainability and Environmental Sociology: Putting the Economy in its Place and Moving Toward an Integrative Socio-Ecology}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2071-1050"]}, DOI={10.3390/su8050437}, abstractNote={The vague, yet undoubtedly desirable, notion of sustainability has been discussed and debated by many natural and social scientists. We argue that mainstream conceptions of sustainability, and the related concept of sustainable development, are mired in a “pre-analytic vision” that naturalizes capitalist social relations, closes off important questions regarding economic growth, and thus limits the potential for an integrative socio-ecological analysis. Theoretical and empirical research within environmental sociology provides key insights to overcome the aforementioned problems, whereby the social, historical, and environmental relationships associated with the tendencies and qualities of the dominant economic system are analyzed. We highlight how several environmental sociology perspectives—such as human ecology, the treadmill of production, and metabolic analysis—can serve as the basis for a more integrative socio-ecological conception and can help advance the field of sustainability science.}, number={5}, journal={SUSTAINABILITY}, author={Longo, Stefano B. and Clark, Brett and Shriver, Thomas E. and Clausen, Rebecca}, year={2016}, month={May} }
 @article{adams_shriver_2016, title={Tactics and Targets: Explaining Shifts in Grassroots Environmental Resistance}, volume={4}, ISSN={2329-4965 2329-4973}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496516663225}, DOI={10.1177/2329496516663225}, abstractNote={Corporate misconduct is often associated with environmental, political, and social problems, and the effects are often felt at the local level where disenfranchised residents may have less access to political power. We know that grassroots movements can take various tactical paths as they challenge elites, yet we aim to map the specific pathways that lead to shifts in tactical repertoires, especially as groups transition to increasingly confrontational tactics. Drawing from social movement theory on tactics and targets, along with environmental sociology literature on grassroots environmental organizing, we examine how the interplay with institutional movement targets affects local environmental resistance. The data for this research come from numerous sources, including in-depth interviews, archival materials, and news coverage of petrochemical contamination. Our findings show that grassroots shifts from insider to outsider tactics stem from a loss of trust in elite institutions and citizens’ understanding of the organization of power in society. We conclude by discussing how our research informs future social movement research by adding an important dimension to analyses of movement tactics—namely, the perceived relationship between activists and their institutional targets.}, number={3}, journal={Social Currents}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Adams, Alison E. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={265–281} }
 @article{messer_shriver_adams_2015, title={Collective Identity and Memory: A Comparative Analysis of Community Response to Environmental Hazards}, volume={80}, ISSN={["1549-0831"]}, DOI={10.1111/ruso.12069}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={RURAL SOCIOLOGY}, author={Messer, Chris M. and Shriver, Thomas E. and Adams, Alison E.}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={314–339} }
 @article{shriver_adams_longo_2015, title={Environmental Threats and Political Opportunities: Citizen Activism in the North Bohemian Coal Basin}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1534-7605"]}, DOI={10.1093/sf/sov072}, abstractNote={Extant research has established important linkages between threats and social movement mobilization in a variety of political and economic settings. Yet, comparatively little attention has been paid to the relationship between environmental threats and activism. Drawing from literatures in environmental sociology and social movements, we examine the coal industry and its resultant environmental devastation in Czechoslovakia to investigate the intersection of political and environmental threats in provoking activism in highly repressive settings. Using a range of data sources, we illustrate how the externalities of extreme production coupled with developing weaknesses in the state ultimately incited public protest against the regime. Our analysis of protest in North Bohemia provides insight into broader patterns of elite legitimacy and resistance. Our findings show that the environmental externalities stemming from state-mandated production in the North Bohemian region posed an imminent threat that spurred residents to protest despite harsh state repression. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for future research on environmental and political threats, elite legitimation, and citizen activism.}, number={2}, journal={SOCIAL FORCES}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Adams, Alison E. and Longo, Stefano B.}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={699–722} }
 @article{adams_shriver_messer_2015, title={Movement-countermovement dynamics in a land use controversy}, volume={21}, DOI={10.22459/her.21.01.2015.01}, abstractNote={Recent studies have highlighted the ways in which activism can be suppressed in democratizing nations, yet much of this work tends to be state centered. Our research examines the role that private actors play in the repression of environmental activism in post-socialist Czech Republic. Following the 1989 collapse of the communist regime, the environmental movement experienced a brief period of widespread public support, which quickly gave way to anti-environmental trends and the general vilification of environmental activists. Drawing from indepth interview data, newspaper coverage, and direct observation, we analyze a contentious highway bypass controversy around the city of Plzeň. Results indicate that environmentalists have been forced to contend not only with political hostility, but also with organized forms of public opposition from an anti-environmentalist countermovement organization.}, number={1}, journal={Human Ecology Review}, author={Adams, A. E. and Shriver, Thomas and Messer, C. M.}, year={2015}, pages={3–25} }
 @article{shriver_adams_messer_2014, title={Power, Quiescence, and Pollution}, volume={1}, ISSN={2329-4965 2329-4973}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496514540133}, DOI={10.1177/2329496514540133}, abstractNote={ The number of communities dealing with industrial pollution in the United States has increased dramatically over the past three decades. Environmental campaigns have consequentially emerged and so has research on successful mobilizing efforts. A gap remains, however, on cases where mobilization fails to materialize. In this article, we develop a typology of power’s multidimensional nature in an effort to address mechanisms by which elites prompt quiescence in the face of grievous injustice. We then analyze a case in point, Blackwell, Oklahoma—a community contaminated with lead, zinc, and cadmium from a decommissioned zinc smelter facility—and the proactive and coercive methods used to maintain local quiescence. Despite assurances that the community had been successfully remediated in the mid-1990s, residents learned in 2006 that environmental pollution continued to emanate from the facility. Our data come from in-depth interviews with community residents and city officials, participant observation, and document analysis. Findings highlight forms of control employed to keep citizens quiescent and to thwart the efforts of more vocal residents in the community. }, number={3}, journal={Social Currents}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Adams, Alison E. and Messer, Chris M.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={275–292} }
 @inbook{cable_shriver_mix_2014, place={Lanham, MD}, edition={3rd}, title={Risk Society and Contested Illness: The Case of Oak Ridge Nuclear Workers}, booktitle={Environmental Sociology: From Analysis to Action}, publisher={Rowman and Littlefield}, author={Cable, Sherry and Shriver, Thomas E. and Mix, Tamara}, editor={King, Leslie and McCarthy, DeborahEditors}, year={2014}, pages={267–286} }
 @article{shriver_adams_2013, title={Collective identity and the subjective terrain of political opportunities: movement dissension over participation in party politics}, volume={18}, number={1}, journal={Mobilization}, author={Shriver, T. E. and Adams, A. E.}, year={2013}, pages={65–82} }
 @article{shriver_adams_einwohner_2013, title={Motherhood and opportunities for activism before and after the czech velvet revolution}, volume={18}, number={3}, journal={Mobilization}, author={Shriver, T. E. and Adams, A. E. and Einwohner, R. L.}, year={2013}, pages={267–288} }
 @article{brame_shriver_2013, title={Surveillance and social control: the FBI's handling of the Black Panther Party in North Carolina}, volume={59}, ISSN={["0925-4994"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10611-013-9426-1}, number={5}, journal={CRIME LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE}, author={Brame, Wendy J. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2013}, month={Jun}, pages={501–516} }
 @article{messer_adams_shriver_2012, title={Corporate Frame Failure and the Erosion of Elite Legitimacy}, volume={53}, ISSN={0038-0253 1533-8525}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2012.01238.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1533-8525.2012.01238.x}, abstractNote={Extant research on official frames centers on state campaigns, yet nonstate entities also utilize their own official frames. We extend the existing social movement literature by examining the unsuccessful framing efforts of a uranium mill in Cañon City, Colorado. Despite a history of environmental contamination and resultant health problems, the corporation deployed an official frame to reestablish the company's legitimacy and justify their actions following the controversy. Our data included newspaper coverage, archival documents, in-depth interviews, and direct observation. Findings highlight critical factors that can undermine corporate official frames, and show that failed framing efforts can ultimately erode elite legitimacy.}, number={3}, journal={The Sociological Quarterly}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Messer, Chris M. and Adams, Alison E. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2012}, month={Aug}, pages={475–499} }
 @article{shriver_adams_cable_2012, title={Discursive Obstruction and Elite Opposition to Environmental Activism in the Czech Republic}, volume={91}, ISSN={0037-7732 1534-7605}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/sos183}, DOI={10.1093/sf/sos183}, abstractNote={Extant research on social movements has highlighted activists’ discursive tactics to challenge the state, yet little analytical attention focuses on elite efforts to dominate the discourse arena through the deployment of oppositional frames. This paper analyzes elite oppositional framing surrounding the placement of a highway bypass in the Czech Republic. Our research examines how democratic states deploy oppositional frames and enlist elite countermovement support for their efforts to obstruct challenges. Using a range of data sources, we delineate the mechanisms used by these elite actors to vilify and stigmatize environmental activists, paving the way for more violent forms of public harassment. The concept we initiate, discursive obstruction, adds the critical dimension of power relations to analyses of both framing processes and discursive opportunity structures. We conclude by discussing the implications of our results for social movement research.}, number={3}, journal={Social Forces}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Shriver, T. E. and Adams, A. E. and Cable, S.}, year={2012}, month={Nov}, pages={873–893} }
 @article{zschau_adams_shriver_2012, title={Reframing the Biotechnology Debate: The Deconstructive Efforts of the Council for Responsible Genetics}, volume={35}, ISSN={0195-6086}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/symb.12}, DOI={10.1002/symb.12}, abstractNote={AbstractWe demonstrate the analytical utility of social movement theory for understanding the framing efforts of the anti‐biotechnology movement. We content‐analyzed electronic and printed documents from the anti‐biotech watchdog group, the Council of Responsible Genetics to identify the movement's diagnostic and prognostic framing efforts. Our findings suggest that while the organization blends frame extension and frame translation strategies it aims for a more radical frame transformation project. Moving the public debate away from overly technical and scientized frames toward issues of social utility and democracy, it tries to recast biotechnologies as a violation of individual and collective rights. Drawing from our findings we offer a number of suggestions for how future research can help further illuminate the interactive and discursive realities of modern technological developments.}, number={2}, journal={Symbolic Interaction}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Zschau, Tony and Adams, Alison E. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={221–239} }
 @inbook{messer_shriver_2012, title={Resident Framing and the Public Sphere: Community Conflict over Radioactive Waste}, volume={38}, ISBN={9781315126562}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315126562-4}, DOI={10.4324/9781315126562-4}, booktitle={Political and Military Sociology}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Messer, Chris M. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, editor={Swarts, JonathanEditor}, year={2012}, pages={77–100} }
 @article{miller_shriver_2012, title={Women's childbirth preferences and practices in the United States}, volume={75}, ISSN={0277-9536}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.051}, DOI={10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.051}, abstractNote={Over the past two decades, research on childbirth worldwide has documented women's varied perceptions of and decision-making regarding childbirth. Scholars have demonstrated the impact of medical authority, religion, perception of risk, and access to care providers on the decisions women make about where to have their babies and with whom. Virtually all research on how women make these choices, however, has focused outside the United States. To address this gap in the literature, we analyze data collected during 2004–2010 through 135 in-depth interviews with women in the U.S. who have had hospital births, homebirths with midwives, and homebirths without professional assistance to explore the factors that led them to the births they had. We supplement these interview data with archival analysis of birth stories and ethnographic data to offer additional insight into women's birth experiences. In our analysis, we utilize Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of “habitus” and “field” to examine the ways women's preferences emerge and how a sense of risk and safety shape their decision-making around pregnancy and parturition. Our findings indicate that while women's birth preferences initially emerge from their habitus, their birth practices are ultimately shaped by broader structural forces, particularly economic position and the availability of birth options.}, number={4}, journal={Social Science & Medicine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Miller, Amy Chasteen and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2012}, month={Aug}, pages={709–716} }
 @misc{adams_shriver_2011, title={Collective Identity and Gendered Activism in the Czech Environmental Movement: The South Bohemian Mothers' Struggle against Nuclear Power}, ISSN={0163-786X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s0163-786x(2011)0000032011}, DOI={10.1108/s0163-786x(2011)0000032011}, abstractNote={Existing research indicates that collective identity is critical in sustaining social movements, especially in the face of significant opposition. We extend this literature by analyzing the ways collective identity evolves and develops over time to combat external barriers and obstacles. Drawing from a unique dataset on activists in the post-communist Czech environmental movement, we analyze how women rallied around their gendered identity to protest against nuclear power. Our analysis focuses on the case of the South Bohemian Mothers (Jihoceske matky), an organization that rallied specifically around the protection of children and healthy communities. The activists faced extensive obstacles including: post-communist patriarchal institutions and sexism; the South Bohemian Daddies, a male-dominated pro-nuclear countermovement; and pervasive anti-environmentalist sentiments. Our results highlight the complex and evolutionary nature of collective identity and the role it can play in sustaining activism in the face of external challenges.}, journal={Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change}, publisher={Emerald Group Publishing Limited}, author={Adams, Alison E. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={163–189} }
 @article{shriver_adams_2010, title={Cycles of Repression and Tactical Innovation: The Evolution of Environmental Dissidence in Communist Czechoslovakia}, volume={51}, ISSN={0038-0253 1533-8525}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2010.01174.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1533-8525.2010.01174.x}, abstractNote={Temporal analyses of social movement mobilization provide insight into how repression shapes social movement tactics and in turn, how social movements affect state response. We use the case of environmental dissent in Communist Czechoslovakia to unpack this interplay. The regime quelled activism and was grossly negligent in environmental matters, fomenting an underground environmental movement. Our data included archival documents, historical accounts, and in-depth interviews. Findings indicate the importance of political context in examining state tactics. We highlight how dissidents can test the boundaries of state tolerance to expose vulnerabilities of the state as well as political opportunities for activism.}, number={2}, journal={The Sociological Quarterly}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Adams, Alison E.}, year={2010}, month={May}, pages={329–354} }
 @article{messer_shriver_kennedy_2010, title={ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND COMMUNITY DISSENSION IN RURAL OKLAHOMA}, volume={30}, ISSN={0273-2173 1521-0707}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02732170903496034}, DOI={10.1080/02732170903496034}, abstractNote={Drawing from in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis we examine a contentious environmental dispute surrounding contamination from a decommissioned zinc smelter plant in rural Oklahoma. Environmental grievances center around potential health effects associated with lead, cadmium, and arsenic contamination. The company that owns the former zinc smelter facility argues that they are operating in compliance with all environmental health and safety standards and many citizens applaud their ongoing remediation efforts. In an effort to improve its public image, the company has launched a community outreach program and is offering to sample residents' yards. A group of concerned citizens, however, believes that the health and safety of their community have been compromised by the environmental contamination. These residents have garnered legal support from a nonlocal law firm and they plan to pursue legal damages as part of their campaign of environmental cleanup. Both sides have engaged in a heated public dialogue to mobilize support for their respective campaigns. The results of our study indicate that the environmental dispute is centered on the ambiguity of harm and conflicting perceptions of causation.}, number={2}, journal={Sociological Spectrum}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Messer, Chris M. and Shriver, Thomas E. and Kennedy, Dennis}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={159–183} }
 @article{adams_shriver_2010, title={Un]Common Language: The Corporate Commodification of Alternative Agro-Food Movement Frames}, volume={25}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Rural Social Sciences}, author={Adams, Alison E. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2010}, pages={33–57} }
 @article{cable_shriver_2010, title={Wounded by Friendly Fire}, volume={58}, ISSN={0011-3921 1461-7064}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392109348545}, DOI={10.1177/0011392109348545}, abstractNote={Political movements seek influence in policy-making, but are typically marked by intra-movement conflict, which, analysts argue, reduces the achievement of social change. This article examines the effects of conflict within the Gulf War illness movement on its influencing government policy-making. Using in-depth interviews, participant observation and document analyses, the article assesses the movement’s policy outcome, examines the substance of the conflict and analyzes the ways in which it hampered the movement’s execution of policy-relevant tasks. It is found that intra-movement conflict over activists’ divergent views of the government’s intentionality with regard to veterans’ hazardous exposure impaired the movement’s execution of tasks that would have had a critical influence on policy-making. As a consequence, public pressure was insufficient to precipitate a legitimation crisis for the state, permitting government officials to evade the movement’s demands and liability while imparting the image of responsiveness through weak policy formulations and implementation. The outcome was one of policy palliatives rather than curatives.}, number={1}, journal={Current Sociology}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Cable, Sherry and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={45–66} }
 @article{messer_shriver_2009, title={Corporate Responses to Claims of Environmental Misconduct: The Case of Phelps Dodge and Blackwell, Oklahoma}, volume={30}, ISSN={0163-9625 1521-0456}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639620802589814}, DOI={10.1080/01639620802589814}, abstractNote={Drawing from fieldwork and thematic content analysis, we examine corporate responses to allegations of environmental misconduct surrounding a decommissioned zinc smelter plant in Blackwell, Oklahoma. Environmental grievances center on health effects associated with exposures to lead, cadmium, and arsenic and local activists charge the responsible company, Phelps Dodge, with pandering to local city officials and state regulatory agencies. Local citizens and their lawyers accuse the company of compromising public health and environmental safety by conducting improper soil samples and neglecting proper cleanup of resident homes and public spaces. Findings indicate that Phelps Dodge responded to charges of organizational misconduct by engaging in a strategic campaign of organizational impression management that included the development of a “good neighbor campaign,” the establishment of a community outreach program to promote their voluntary environmental remediation efforts, and the diffusion of responsibility through the identification of alternative exposure scenarios.}, number={7}, journal={Deviant Behavior}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Messer, Chris M. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2009}, month={Aug}, pages={647–668} }
 @article{shriver_messer_2009, title={Dissension and Factionalism in the Czech Environmental Movement}, volume={46}, number={2}, journal={International Journal of Contemporary Sociology}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Messer, Chris}, year={2009}, pages={283–304} }
 @article{shriver_cable_messer_2009, title={Environmental Protest in the Czech Republic: Social Control in a Democratizing Nation}, volume={2}, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Sociological Research}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Cable, Sherry and Messer, Chris}, year={2009}, pages={1–22} }
 @article{shriver_peaden_2009, title={Frame Disputes in a Natural Resource Controversy: The Case of the Arbuckle Simpson Aquifer in South-Central Oklahoma}, volume={22}, ISSN={0894-1920 1521-0723}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920801973789}, DOI={10.1080/08941920801973789}, abstractNote={This article examines citizen responses to the proposed sale of water from the Arbuckle Simpson Aquifer in Oklahoma. Landowners claimed individual property rights as the primary justification for the sale of the water, while a citizens group opposing the sale of water based its arguments on the future viability of the resource and the cultural significance of the aquifer for the region. Based on fieldwork and in-depth interviews with key informants, we examine how the two groups framed the environmental dispute. The results of the study indicate that the citizens group opposing the sale of water was more effective at articulating their grievances to the broader public. We argue that the framing strategies used by the two groups served to escalate community dissension and therefore limit opportunities for resolution.}, number={2}, journal={Society & Natural Resources}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Peaden, Charles}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={143–157} }
 @article{vincent_shriver_2009, title={Framing Contests in Environmental Decision-making: A Case Study of the Tar Creek (Oklahoma) Superfund Site}, volume={5}, ISSN={1553-345X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2009.164.178}, DOI={10.3844/ajessp.2009.164.178}, abstractNote={Problem statement: Stakeholder involvement processes have become an important component of environmental decision-making. This study investigated the role that stakeholders operating outside of official stakeholder processes may play in influencing the policy environment. An improved understanding of the public and political influences on environmental policy decisions contributes to the development of more effective an d legitimate policies. Approach: We utilized frame analysis to reveal the emergence and communication of competing narratives (problem and solution frames) among citizen groups at the Tar Cr eek Superfund Site and how these frames influenced the political dialogue surrounding remed iation decisions at the site. The data used in the analysis was drawn from extensive fieldwork in the Tar Creek communities, document analysis and in- depth interviews with 53 individual stakeholders. Results: Three competing frames were articulated and advanced by three groups of Tar Creek residents . We demonstrate that each of the three groups altered the policy debate and influenced the action s of politicians, which in turn impacted remediatio n policy decisions. Evidence suggests that all three groups were able to significantly affect policy decisions, although the magnitude of their influenc e differed. Conclusion/Recommendations: The results showed that public framing may play a criti cal role in influencing environmental policy decisions. Understanding how stakeholder framing can impact the overall context of environmental decisions will allow policymakers to better respond to stakeholder concerns in a way that benefits the policy making process as well as policy outcomes.}, number={2}, journal={American Journal of Environmental Sciences}, publisher={Science Publications}, author={Vincent, Shirley G. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, pages={164–178} }
 @article{shriver_messer_2009, title={Ideological Cleavages and Schism in the Czech Environmental Movement}, volume={16}, number={2}, journal={Human Ecology Review}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Messer, Chris M.}, year={2009}, pages={161–171} }
 @article{messer_shriver_kennedy_2009, title={Official Frames and Corporate Environmental Pollution}, volume={33}, ISSN={0160-5976 2372-9708}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016059760903300402}, DOI={10.1177/016059760903300402}, abstractNote={ This paper examines a contentious environmental dispute surrounding a decommissioned zinc smelter facility in Blackwell, Oklahoma. The environmental conflict stems from potential health effects associated with lead, cadmium, and arsenic contamination. The company that owns the former zinc smelter facility argues that they are in compliance with all environmental health and safety standards and city residents praise their ongoing remediation efforts. Based on in-depth interviews, observation, and thematic content analysis, we examine the company's establishment of an official frame to characterize their role in the environmental case. This frame is based on corporate citizenship, the diffusion of responsibility, and the multiplicity of contamination sources. We examine the salience of this frame within the broader community and address challenges to the official frame by local community activists. The results of the study indicate that local community residents are at a tremendous disadvantage when challenging large corporate polluters. }, number={4}, journal={Humanity & Society}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Messer, Chris M. and Shriver, Thomas E. and Kennedy, Dennis}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={273–291} }
 @article{shriver_webb_2009, title={Rethinking the Scope of Environmental Injustice: Perceptions of Health Hazards in a Rural Native American Community Exposed to Carbon Black}, volume={74}, ISSN={0036-0112}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2009.tb00392.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1549-0831.2009.tb00392.x}, abstractNote={Abstract  We use in‐depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis to examine perceptions of environmental health and justice among Native Americans in a rural Oklahoma community. Residents live near the Continental Carbon Company, which manufactures a rubber compound know as “carbon black.” Ponca tribal members believe their respiratory problems and other health concerns are directly related to the black dust emanating from the facility, but they have been unable to validate their health claims through institutional channels. We examine how Native American respondents interpret the environmental pollution as a threat not only to their health and well‐being but also to their sense of community. We address the perceived pattern of institutional denial and highlight the obstacles facing an impoverished Native American community attempting to validate their environmental health claims.}, number={2}, journal={Rural Sociology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Webb, Gary R.}, year={2009}, month={Oct}, pages={270–292} }
 @article{mix_cable_shriver_2009, title={Social Control and Environmental Health Movements: The Soft Repression of Ill Nuclear Weapons Workers}, volume={16}, number={2}, journal={Human Ecology Review}, author={Mix, Tamara and Cable, Sherry and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2009}, pages={172–183} }
 @article{shriver_cable_kennedy_2008, title={Mining for Conflict and Staking Claims: Contested Illness at the Tar Creek Superfund Site}, volume={78}, ISSN={0038-0245 1475-682X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682x.2008.00258.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1475-682x.2008.00258.x}, abstractNote={Drawing from extensive fieldwork and document analysis, we examine environmental illness claims in Oklahoma's Tar Creek basin, one of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) premier Superfund sites. Our findings indicate that contested illness in the Tar Creek Superfund site differed from typical cases in that the links between high lead exposures and permanent neurological damage were thoroughly and unequivocally documented. But, despite the certainty of these linkages, residents remained embroiled in controversy and they encountered obstacles in obtaining diagnoses, treatment, and compensation. The resultant environmental dispute took two forms: conflict between residents and EPA officials over the adequacy of the agency's remediation project and conflict among residents over ultimate responsibility for children's lead exposures and consequent learning disabilities.}, number={4}, journal={Sociological Inquiry}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Cable, Sherry and Kennedy, Dennis}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={558–579} }
 @article{cable_shriver_mix_2008, title={Risk Society and Contested Illness: The Case of Nuclear Weapons Workers}, volume={73}, ISSN={0003-1224 1939-8271}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240807300302}, DOI={10.1177/000312240807300302}, abstractNote={ Wealth production within a “risk society” typically depends on production technologies that expose citizens to dangerous substances. Knowledge of such exposure is, more often than not, hidden from the public. Empirical analyses show that citizens' claims of illnesses caused by risky exposures are frequently contested by the institutions that select production technologies and control information: the government, corporations, and physicians. In this article, we use the risk society thesis as a framework for addressing gaps in the environmental illness literature—specifically, the basis for authorities' contestations of illness claims for which the exposure–illness link is scientifically confirmed. Using case methods, including in-depth interviews with 124 citizens, analyses center on the contested illness claims of nuclear weapons workers at the federal Oak Ridge Nuclear Reservation. Results highlight how institutional and organizational resources provided authorities with tactical leverage, and allowed them to manufacture an ambiguous climate for public discourse. This discourse focused on the exposure—illness link for a particular individual and their specific symptoms rather than the established exposure—illness links in general. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for analyses of environmental exposure specifically, but also the seemingly contradictory tension between the risk society's need to restrict information to experts and democracy's need for open discourse. }, number={3}, journal={American Sociological Review}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Cable, Sherry and Shriver, Thomas E. and Mix, Tamara L.}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={380–401} }
 @article{brame_shriver_2008, title={The National-Local Interface of Social Control: The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Winston-Salem Branch of the Black Panther Party}, volume={36}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Political and Military Sociology}, author={Brame, Wendy J. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2008}, pages={247–268} }
 @article{shriver_cable_2008, title={The institutional context of Gulf War illness claims: A commentary on Cohn, Dyson and Wessely}, volume={67}, ISSN={0277-9536}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.07.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.07.004}, number={11}, journal={Social Science & Medicine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Shriver, Thomas and Cable, Sherry}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={1650–1653} }
 @article{mix_shriver_2007, title={Neighbors, nuisances and noxious releases: Community conflict and environmental hazards in the atomic city}, volume={44}, ISSN={0362-3319 1873-5355}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2007.10.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.soscij.2007.10.004}, abstractNote={AbstractDrawing from in-depth interviews with over 120 respondents, participant observation, and document analysis, we examine differential perceptions of environmental harms in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, home of a U.S. Government nuclear facility. The Oak Ridge Reservation has a 50-year history of nuclear weapons production and a poor environmental record. In the 1980s, a series of environmental revelations occurred and in 1989, the entire Oak Ridge Reservation was placed on the Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund list. This sparked heated debates within the community over environmental hazards and ultimately led to conflict and dissension. We analyze residents’ perceptions of environmental harms and highlight the salient variables contributing to community dissension, including conflicting levels of government trust, length of community residence, employment, race/ethnicity, and environmental health/illness. AcknowledgmentThe authors are grateful to Sherry Cable for her help and guidance in the research process, to the Oak Ridge community for their willingness to speak out about issues impacting them, and to the anonymous The Social Science Journal reviewers for their insightful comments.}, number={4}, journal={The Social Science Journal}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Mix, Tamara L. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={630–644} }
 @article{e. shriver_d. waskul_2006, title={Managing the Uncertainties of Gulf War Illness: The Challenges of Living with Contested Illness}, volume={29}, ISSN={0195-6086 1533-8665}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/si.2006.29.4.465}, DOI={10.1525/si.2006.29.4.465}, abstractNote={Based on observation and in‐depth interviews with fifty‐five respondents, we provide a detailed analysis of the Gulf War illness experience. All chronically ill people experience troublesome physical symptoms, but most reasonably expect to receive medical answers and treatment, in addition to the support of family, friends, employers, and coworkers. This research addresses a circumstance where neither sick people nor the medical establishment has clear answers to the basic etiology and treatment of illness. Consequently, many veterans endure doubt, threats to their credibility, and intensified stigma. The resulting ambiguity and stigma initiate efforts to redefine and renegotiate the illness experience. Drawing heavily from the thick descriptions provided by Gulf War veterans and their spouses, we document assaults on the physical body, emotional stability, social status, and selfhood, as well as negative effects on social relations. We also examine how institutional barriers influence the contested illness experience.}, number={4}, journal={Symbolic Interaction}, publisher={Wiley}, author={E. Shriver, Thomas and D. Waskul, Dennis}, year={2006}, month={Nov}, pages={465–486} }
 @article{shriver_kennedy_2005, title={Contested Environmental Hazards and Community Conflict Over Relocation*}, volume={70}, ISSN={0036-0112}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1526/003601105775012679}, DOI={10.1526/003601105775012679}, abstractNote={The majority of the literature on contaminated communities indicates that environmental hazards lead to conflict and dissension. In this paper we examine the salient dimensions of conflict and factionalism in a rural Oklahoma community. The community is heavily contaminated from 80 years of commercial mining operations and was one of the first sites designated on the Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund List in 1983. Despite two decades of remediation efforts, the community remains polluted with lead and other heavy metals. Based on in-depth interviews with community residents, observation, and document analysis, we find that the community has splintered into two competing groups over the environmental controversy. One faction of the community supports a federally sponsored relocation campaign, while the other has organized to oppose relocation. The results of our study indicate that the contentious split is centered around the ambiguity of harm associated with the contamination, conflicting economic concerns, and variations in community attachment.}, number={4}, journal={Rural Sociology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Kennedy, Dennis K.}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={491–513} }
 @inbook{shriver_2005, place={Lanham, MD}, title={Risk and Recruitment: Patterns of Social Movement Mobilization in a Government Town}, booktitle={Environmental Sociology: From Analysis to Action}, publisher={Rowman and Littlefield}, author={Shriver, Thomas E.}, editor={King, Leslie and McCarthy, DeborahEditors}, year={2005}, pages={341–356} }
 @article{sarabia_shriver_2004, title={MAINTAINING COLLECTIVE IDENTITY IN A HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT: CONFRONTING NEGATIVE PUBLIC PERCEPTION AND FACTIONAL DIVISIONS WITHIN THE SKINHEAD SUBCULTURE}, volume={24}, ISSN={0273-2173 1521-0707}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02732170390258614}, DOI={10.1080/02732170390258614}, abstractNote={Previous examinations of skinhead groups have limited their attention to racist elements within the subculture. But skinheads are a far more heterogeneous group than earlier studies indicate. This diversity has put skinhead factions at odds with each other, and has challenged mainstream conceptions about the skinhead movement. In this paper, we document how traditional skinheads maintain their unique collective identity in the midst of subcultural conflict and hostile stereotypes perpetuated by mainstream society. The study employs both primary and secondary sources to examine collective identity among traditional skinheads. Culture and ideology play an important role in counteracting negative stereotypes and solidifying traditional skinhead identity. Through culture and politics traditional skinheads establish collective identity and promote their nonracist beliefs. By focusing on nonracist and antiracist factions we expand the current literature on the skinhead subculture. The results illustrate that skinhead groups are diverse. Traditional factions see racism as an abomination of original skinhead culture, and as a result, many groups have taken action to confront their racist skinhead counterparts.}, number={3}, journal={Sociological Spectrum}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Sarabia, Daniel and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2004}, month={May}, pages={267–294} }
 @article{shriver_miller_cable_2003, title={Women's Work: Women's Involvement in the Gulf War Illness Movement}, volume={44}, ISSN={0038-0253 1533-8525}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2003.tb00529.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1533-8525.2003.tb00529.x}, abstractNote={We use in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis to examine women's involvement in the Gulf War Illness movement. We find that women's cumulative grievances of health concerns, financial hardships, and emotional problems opened them to movement recruitment as they surfed the Internet for information and support. The movement's division of labor was influenced not by gender but by health status. Women used the Internet to provide medical information and emotional support to geographically dispersed veterans. Activism transformed women activists by endowing them with a sense of empowerment and a somewhat broadened concern for social justice. Although their transformations disposed the women to become active on related issues, it did not extend to concerns about gender discrimination. We suggest that the next research step is to investigate gender differences in movement processes by surveying activists across a variety of movements to test propositions and to identify the characteristics of other social contexts that structurally instigate a departure from traditional gender roles.}, number={4}, journal={The Sociological Quarterly}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Miller, Amy Chasteen and Cable, Sherry}, year={2003}, month={Sep}, pages={639–658} }
 @article{shriver_chasteen_adams_2002, title={Cultural and Political Constraints in the Gulf War Illness Social Movement}, volume={35}, ISSN={0038-0237 2162-1128}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2002.10570694}, DOI={10.1080/00380237.2002.10570694}, abstractNote={Abstract Recent contributions to social movement theory have emphasized the importance of cultural and political opportunities in shaping movement growth and development. While most of that work focuses on how these factors facilitate social movement efforts, we examine a case in which cultural and political factors have constrained the efforts of a social movement. Analyzing data from in-depth interviews with 55 respondents, we examine the organizing efforts of Gulf War veterans claiming illnesses connected to environmental exposures in the Persian Gulf. Despite the claims of many veterans that exposure to hazardous conditions resulted in illness, they have been unsuccessful in legitimating Gulf War illness to the government or to the public. This article contributes to the social movement literature by analyzing ways in which both cultural and political institutions may hamper the efforts of a contemporary social movement.}, number={2}, journal={Sociological Focus}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Chasteen, Amy L. and Adams, Brent D.}, year={2002}, month={May}, pages={123–143} }
 @article{shriver_webb_adams_2002, title={Environmental Exposures, Contested Illness, and Collective Action: The Controversy Over Gulf War Illness}, volume={27}, number={1}, journal={Humboldt Journal of Social Relations}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Webb, Gary and Adams, Brent}, year={2002}, pages={73–105} }
 @article{steward_shriver_chasteen_2002, title={Participant Narratives and Collective Identity in a Metaphysical Movement}, volume={22}, ISSN={0273-2173 1521-0707}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/027321701753284305}, DOI={10.1080/027321701753284305}, abstractNote={In this article we explore social movement solidarity through an examination of narratives offered by participants in a metaphysical movement. Drawing from contemporary social movement theory, we focus on how members develop a carefully built collective identity that perpetuates movement goals and ideology. Data for this project are drawn from in-depth interviews with local psychics, participant observation in various metaphysical fairs, and document analysis. We find that the movement's collective identity is centered around several narratives that help establish boundaries, identify antagonists, and create a collective consciousness. Together these narratives form a web of belief that binds members to the movement. The data we present in this article have implications for understanding other expressive movements, as well as for social movement theory in general.}, number={1}, journal={Sociological Spectrum}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Steward, Gary A., Jr. and Shriver, Thomas E. and Chasteen, Amy L.}, year={2002}, month={Jan}, pages={107–135} }
 @article{white_shriver_2002, title={The Communication of Bad News as Turning Points in Identity: Patient Narratives on HIV Status Disclosure}, volume={19}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Applied Sociology}, author={White, Deborah Ann and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2002}, pages={124–142} }
 @article{shriver_2001, title={Environmental Hazards and Veterans'Framing of Gulf War Illness}, volume={71}, ISSN={0038-0245 1475-682X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682x.2001.tb01123.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1475-682x.2001.tb01123.x}, abstractNote={Military personnel and other civilians were exposed to numerous environmental hazards during their service in the Persian Gulf Crisis. Nearly a decade later well over 100,000 veterans, spouses, and other civilians are claiming illnesses related to these exposures. The U.S. government denies a connection and refuses to sanction these claims of environmental illness. Analyzing data from in‐depth interviews and various documents, the author examines the veterans’framing of Gulf War Illness and the government's response to this environmental illness frame.}, number={4}, journal={Sociological Inquiry}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2001}, month={Oct}, pages={403–420} }
 @article{shriver_2000, title={Risk and Recruitment: Patterns of Social Movement Mobilization in a Government Town}, volume={33}, ISSN={0038-0237 2162-1128}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2000.10571173}, DOI={10.1080/00380237.2000.10571173}, abstractNote={Abstract Based on document analysis and in-depth interviews with 80 respondents, this paper examines the importance of risks associated with activism in shaping recruitment and participation patterns in a government town. Residents have a history of involvement in civil rights activism, peace activities, and environmental organizing outside their community. However, citizens have not mobilized around local environmental problems despite a 50-year legacy of contamination from nuclear weapons production. I examine two organizing efforts in the community and analyze how residents' perceptions of risk associated with activism contributed to the relative success and failure of each. I argue that risk is an important variable that is critical to our understanding of social movement recruitment and participation patterns.}, number={3}, journal={Sociological Focus}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={2000}, month={Aug}, pages={321–337} }
 @article{kebede_shriver_knottnerus_2000, title={Social Movement Endurance: Collective Identity and the Rastafari}, volume={70}, ISSN={0038-0245 1475-682X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682x.2000.tb00911.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1475-682x.2000.tb00911.x}, abstractNote={In this paper we argue that a movement's longevity depends on its ability to develop and sustain a strong sense of collective identity. We investigate social movement endurance by examining the Rastafari, whose membership is comprised primarily of disadvantaged Jamaicans of African descent. While many social movements fade after a short‐lived peak, the Rastafari not only has persisted, but it also has become globally important. Despite its radical posture and its perceived threat to the Jamaican established order, the movement has prevailed for more than six decades. On the basis of a number of concepts derived from different theoretical traditions in social movement theory, we examine the dynamic processes involved in the construction of collective identity among the Rastafari. We are particularly interested in the concepts of “cognitive liberation,”“movement culture/boundary structure,” and “the politics of signification.” These concepts allow us to describe and analyze the key dimensions of the Rastafarian collective identity. This framework, we argue, enhances our understanding of collective identity as well as the processes contributing to social movement longevity.}, number={3}, journal={Sociological Inquiry}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kebede, AlemSeghed and Shriver, Thomas E. and Knottnerus, J. David}, year={2000}, month={Jul}, pages={313–337} }
 @article{shriver_cable_norris_hastings_2000, title={The Role of Collective Identity in Inhibiting Mobilization: Solidarity and Suppression in Oak Ridge}, volume={20}, ISSN={0273-2173 1521-0707}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/027321700280026}, DOI={10.1080/027321700280026}, abstractNote={On the basis of documents and in-depth interviews with 80 residents of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, we analyzed the lack of collective mobilization against documented environmental problems. Collective identity is a central concept in new social movement theory and is seen as a major determinant of collective action. We borrowed the concept but examined the converse. Individual activism has consistently emerged in Oak Ridge without the development of the collective processes that mark mobilization. We examined the establishment of a special collective identity for the community in Oak Ridge, then analyzed the role of collective identity in the suppression of health grievances through heightened saliency, consciousness, and opposition to activism.}, number={1}, journal={Sociological Spectrum}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Cable, Sherry and Norris, Lachelle and Hastings, Donald W.}, year={2000}, month={Jan}, pages={41–64} }
 @article{cable_shriver_hastings_1999, title={The Silenced Majority: Governmental Social Control on the Oak Ridge Nuclear Reservation}, volume={7}, journal={Research in Social Problems and Public Policy}, author={Cable, Sherry and Shriver, Thomas E. and Hastings, Donald W.}, year={1999}, pages={59–81} }
 @misc{shriver_1998, title={Don't Burn It Here: Grassroots Challenges to Trash Incinerators. By Edward  J. Walsh, Rex  Warland, and D.  Clayton Smith. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997. Pp. xiii+292. $50.00 (cloth); $17.95 (paper).}, volume={104}, ISSN={0002-9602 1537-5390}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/210055}, DOI={10.1086/210055}, abstractNote={strike experience, a good portion are likely due to his comparisons of unlike populations. Striking Colt UAW members cannot be equated with the general population or even to the blue-collar segments of the sample because both include a range of respondents whom we would expect to be more conservative than the strikers. First, the Colt sample consisted of all unionized workers, while the blue-collar component of the national sample consisted mainly of nonunionized workers (less than 20% of the labor force was organized at the time). Second, the Colt sample is biased toward more liberal prounion activists because it excludes union members who abandoned the strike effort (including 225 who crossed the picket line and 40 who drifted away during the strike). Because the populations are different, it is difficult to determine whether the Colt workers’ political responses were in fact more critical of the establishment than those of like workers. Even if we could determine that Colt strikers had more critical views, without a before-strike test it is unclear whether this difference is attributable to the strike experience or to some preexisting condition. Why might we expect the latter? Lendler reports that the Communist-dominated United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers Union (UE) represented the Colt workers during the 1940s, but that there is no indication that this union left a radical legacy. He arrives at this conclusion based on the fact that he did not hear workers discuss the UE leadership during his investigation. But legacies are about setting patterns of interaction and not necessarily about open discussion of how such legacies were set. If any differences exist, they may have resulted in part from the more militant and progressive tone set by the UE back in the 1940s. In principle, I am predisposed to agree that prolonged periods of conflict tend to make workers rethink their political views. Lendler’s indepth interviews in fact provide a telling account of how strikers negotiated the events that transpired. If he had placed more emphasis on this rich qualitative data, the book would have been more convincing.}, number={2}, journal={American Journal of Sociology}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={1998}, month={Sep}, pages={544–546} }
 @article{shriver_white_kebede_1998, title={Power, Politics, and the Framing of Environmental Illness}, volume={68}, ISSN={0038-0245 1475-682X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682x.1998.tb00480.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1475-682x.1998.tb00480.x}, abstractNote={The medical community, along with other government agencies, has created its own frame of environmental illness. This frame has been generally accepted by the American public. In this paper we discuss framing in general and the factors related to how the environmental illness frame has been constructed and maintained. We offer a brief history of the medical institution and illustrate the frame with its definitions of environmental illness. Qualitative data from a study of Oak Ridge, a contaminated community located in Tennessee, are examined to analyze the consequences of challenging the environmental illness frame. Implications for future research are discussed.}, number={4}, journal={Sociological Inquiry}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and White, Deborah A. and Kebede, AlemSeghed}, year={1998}, month={Oct}, pages={458–475} }
 @inbook{shriver_white_kebede_1998, place={Boston, MA}, title={Power, Politics, and the Framing of Environmental Illness}, booktitle={Readings in Sociology}, publisher={Pearson Custom Publishing}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and White, Debbie and Kebede, Alem Seghed}, editor={McNeal, Ralph, Jr. and Tiemann, KathleenEditors}, year={1998} }
 @article{chasteen_shriver_1998, title={Race, Rap and Resistance: A Social Movement Analysis of the Wu Tang}, volume={9}, number={2}, journal={Challenge: A Journal of Research on African American Men}, author={Chasteen, Amy L. and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={1998}, pages={1–24} }
 @inbook{shriver_cable_1995, place={Pasadena, CA}, title={Government Reveals Mercury Releases from Oak Ridge National Laboratory}, booktitle={Great Events from History II: Ecology and the Environment}, publisher={Salem Press, Inc}, author={Shriver, Thomas E. and Cable, Sherry}, editor={Magill, Frank N.Editor}, year={1995}, pages={1714–1718} }
 @article{cable_shriver_1995, title={Production and extrapolation of meaning in the environmental justice movement}, volume={15}, ISSN={0273-2173 1521-0707}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02732173.1995.9982110}, DOI={10.1080/02732173.1995.9982110}, abstractNote={We analyze the structural determinants of social construction processes in the environmental justice movement. We argue that initial structural conditions legitimated environmental grievances that were transformed in the 1980s into a sense of environmental injustice. Environmental injustice was produced through perceptions of: the Love Canal and Three Mile Island disasters; the Reagan administration's environmental deregulation; and continuing discoveries of contaminated communities. In the extrapolation of meaning, the grievance of environmental injustice evolved into the goal of environmental justice through interaction between grassroots environmental activists and national civil rights leaders.}, number={4}, journal={Sociological Spectrum}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Cable, Sherry and Shriver, Thomas}, year={1995}, month={Oct}, pages={419–442} }
 @inbook{cable_shriver_1995, place={Pasadena, CA}, title={The Creation of TVA: A Grassroots Bureaucracy?}, booktitle={Great Events from History II: Ecology and the Environment}, publisher={Salem Press, Inc}, author={Cable, Sherry and Shriver, Thomas E.}, editor={Magill, Frank N.Editor}, year={1995}, pages={268–272} }
 @article{stotik_shriver_cable_1994, title={Social Control and Movement Outcome: The Case of Aim}, volume={27}, ISSN={0038-0237 2162-1128}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380237.1994.10571009}, DOI={10.1080/00380237.1994.10571009}, abstractNote={Abstract The American Indian Movement (AIM) was one of several organizations within the modern Native American movement. We analyze AIM using current variants of resource mobilization approaches, new social movement theory and the political process model to explain the organization's rapid demise. We found AIM to be characterized by its urban roots, its militant tactics, and its efforts to produce a collective identity of pan-tribalism. We conclude that, because AIM was unable to foster a collective identity that could sustain the organization, the government's severe social control techniques were successful. The underlying cause of the state's repression of AIM was economic. AIM represented a threat to government and corporate interests in energy resources on land with Native American title.}, number={1}, journal={Sociological Focus}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Stotik, Jeffrey and Shriver, Thomas E. and Cable, Sherry}, year={1994}, month={Feb}, pages={53–66} }
 @book{merrifield_smith_rea_shriver_1993, place={Knoxville, TN}, title={Longitudinal Study of Adult Literacy Participants in Tennessee}, institution={Center for Literacy Studies}, author={Merrifield, Juliet and Smith, Michael K. and Rea, Kathryn and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={1993} }
 @book{carnes_garkovich_shriver_1991, place={Oak Ridge, TN}, title={Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program Focus Groups: A Manual}, number={ORNL/ TM-11769}, institution={Oak Ridge National Laboratory}, author={Carnes, Sam and Garkovich, Chris and Shriver, Thomas E.}, year={1991} }